The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jorn Wulff Helge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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arm and Leg substrate utilization and Muscle adaptation after prolonged low intensity training
Acta Physiologica, 2010Co-Authors: Jorn Wulff HelgeAbstract:This review will focus on current data where substrate metabolism in arm and Leg Muscle is investigated and discuss the presence of higher carbohydrate oxidation and lactate release observed during arm compared with Leg exercise. Furthermore, a basis for a possible difference in substrate partitioning between endogenous and exogenous substrate during arm and Leg exercise will be debated. Moreover the review will probe if differences between arm and Leg Muscle are merely a result of different training status rather than a qualitative difference in limb substrate regulation. Along this line the review will address the available studies on low-intensity training performed separately with arm or Legs or as whole-body training to evaluate if this leads to different adaptations in arm and Leg Muscle resulting in different substrate utilization patterns during separate arm or Leg exercise at comparable workloads. Finally, the influence and capacity of low-intensity training to influence metabolic fitness in the face of a limited effect on aerobic fitness will be challenged.
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are substrate use during exercise and mitochondrial respiratory capacity decreased in arm and Leg Muscle in type 2 diabetes
Diabetologia, 2009Co-Authors: Steen Larsen, Rasmus Rabol, J L Andersen, Robert Boushel, Flemming Dela, Jorn Wulff HelgeAbstract:Aim/hypothesis The aim of the study was to investigate mitochondrial function, fibre type distribution and substrate oxidation in arm and Leg Muscle during exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes and in obese and lean controls. Methods Indirect calorimetry was used to calculate fat and carbohydrate oxidation during both progressive arm-cranking and Leg-cycling exercises. Muscle biopsies from arm and Leg were obtained. Fibre type, as well as O2 flux capacity of saponin-permeabilised Muscle fibres were measured, the latter by high resolution respirometry, in patients with type 2 diabetes, age- and BMI-matched obese controls, and agematched lean controls. Results Fat oxidation was similar in the groups during either arm or Leg exercise. During Leg exercise at higher intensities, butnotduringarmexercise,carbohydrateoxidationwaslower in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with the other groups. In patients with type 2 diabetes, ADP-stimulated state 3 respiration per mg Muscle with parallel electron input from complex I+II was lower in m. vastus lateralis compared with obese and lean controls, whereas no differences between groups were present in m. deltoideus. A higher percentage of type IIX fibres was seen in m. vastus lateralis in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with obese and lean controls, whereas no difference was found in the deltoid Muscle. Conclusions/interpretation This study demonstrates similar O2 flux capacity, fibre type distribution and carbohydrate oxidation in arm Muscle in the groups despite the presence of attenuated values in Leg Muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with obese and lean controls.
Marco Y C Pang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of whole body vibration therapy on bone mineral density and Leg Muscle strength in older adults a systematic review and meta analysis
Clinical Rehabilitation, 2011Co-Authors: Linrong Liao, Felix Yu, Raymond C K Chung, Marco Y C PangAbstract:Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was undertaken to determine whether whole body vibration improves bone mineral density and Leg Muscle strength in older adults.Data sources: Sources included MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, PubMed, Science Citation Index and the reference list of each eligible article.Review methods: Article search and selection was performed independently by two researchers. The methodological quality of each selected article was rated by the PEDro scale.Results: Thirteen randomized trials (18 articles) totalling 896 subjects fulfilled the selection criteria. Four were considered to have good or excellent methodological quality and the rest were rated as fair. Meta-analyses revealed that whole body vibration has no significant effect on hip or lumbar spine bone mineral density in older women when compared with no intervention or active exercise (P > 0.05). Whole body vibration, however, had a significant treatment effect on knee extension dy...
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The effects of whole body vibration therapy on bone mineral density and Leg Muscle strength in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Provisional abstract)
Clinical Rehabilitation, 2011Co-Authors: Ricky W K Lau, Lin-rong R Liao, Felix Yu, Tilda Teo, Raymond C K Chung, Marco Y C PangAbstract:OBJECTIVE: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was undertaken to determine whether whole body vibration improves bone mineral density and Leg Muscle strength in older adults. DATA SOURCES: Sources included MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, PubMed, Science Citation Index and the reference list of each eligible article. REVIEW METHODS: Article search and selection was performed independently by two researchers. The methodological quality of each selected article was rated by the PEDro scale. RESULTS: Thirteen randomized trials (18 articles) totalling 896 subjects fulfilled the selection criteria. Four were considered to have good or excellent methodological quality and the rest were rated as fair. Meta-analyses revealed that whole body vibration has no significant effect on hip or lumbar spine bone mineral density in older women when compared with no intervention or active exercise (P > 0.05). Whole body vibration, however, had a significant treatment effect on knee extension dynamic strength (standardized mean difference = 0.63, P = 0.006), Leg extension isometric strength (standardized mean difference = 0.57, P = 0.003), and functional measures of Leg Muscle strength such as jumping height (standardized mean difference = 0.51, P = 0.010) and performance in sit-to-stand (standardized mean difference = 0.72, P < 0.001) among older adults compared with no intervention. CONCLUSION: Whole body vibration is beneficial for enhancing Leg Muscle strength among older adults. However, the review suggests that whole body vibration has no overall treatment effect on bone mineral density in older women. No randomized trial has examined the effects of whole body vibration on bone mineral density in older men.
Takashi Abe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Possibility of Leg Muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: A brief review
Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2013Co-Authors: Hayao Ozaki, Robert S. Thiebaud, Joel M. Stager, Jeremy P. Loenneke, Takashi AbeAbstract:It is known that ambulatory exercises such as brisk walking and jogging are potent stimuli for improving aerobic capacity, but it is less understood whether ambulatory exercise can increase Leg Muscle size and function. The purpose of this brief review is to discuss whether or not ambulatory exercise elicits Leg Muscle hypertrophy in older adults. Daily ambulatory activity with moderate (>3 metabolic equivalents [METs], which is defined as the ratio of the work metabolic rate to the resting metabolic rate) intensity estimated by accelerometer is positively correlated with lower body Muscle size and function in older adults. Although there is conflicting data on the effects of short-term training, it is possible that relatively long periods of walking, jogging, or intermittent running for over half a year can increase Leg Muscle size among older adults. In addition, slow-walk training with a combination of Leg Muscle blood flow restriction elicits Muscle hypertrophy only in the blood flow restricted Leg Muscles. Competitive marathon running and regular high intensity distance running in young and middle-aged adults may not produce Leg Muscle hypertrophy due to insufficient recovery from the damaging running bout, although there have been no studies that have investigated the effects of running on Leg Muscle morphology in older subjects. It is clear that skeletal Muscle hypertrophy can occur independently of exercise mode and load.
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Legs and trunk Muscle hypertrophy following walk training with restricted Leg Muscle blood flow
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Mikako Sakamaki, Michael G Bemben, Takashi AbeAbstract:We examined the effect of walk training combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) on the size of blood flow-restricted distal Muscles, as well as, on the size of non-restricted Muscles in the proximal limb and trunk. Nine men performed walk training with BFR and 8 men performed walk training alone. Training was conducted two times a day, 6 days/wk, for 3 wk using five sets of 2-min bouts (treadmill speed at 50 m/min), with a 1-min rest between bouts. After walk training with BFR, MRI-measured upper (3.8%, P < 0.05) and lower Leg (3.2%, P < 0. 05) Muscle volume increased significantly, whereas the Muscle volume of the gluteus maximus (-0.6%) and iliopsoas (1.8%) and the Muscle CSA of the lumber L4-L5 (-1.0) did not change. There was no significant change in Muscle volume in the walk training alone. Our results suggest that the combination of Leg Muscle blood flow restriction with slow walk training elicits hypertrophy only in the distal blood flow restricted Leg Muscles. Exercise intensity may be too low during BFR walk training to increase Muscle mass in the non- blood flow restricted Muscles (gluteus maximus and other trunk Muscles). Key pointsPrevious studies of blood flow restricted walk training have focused solely on thigh Muscles distal to pressure cuffs placed on the upper most portion of the proximal thigh.In the current study, both proximal and distal Muscles were evaluated following the combination of walk training with Leg blood flow restriction (BFR). Muscle hypertrophy only occurred in the thigh and lower Leg, which were the blood flow restricted Muscles examined.No significant change was observed in the non-restricted trunk Muscles following 3 weeks of twice-daily BFR walk training.
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Muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted venous blood flow from the Leg Muscle, Kaatsu-walk training
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Takashi AbeAbstract:Previous studies have shown that low-intensity resistance training with restricted muscular venous blood flow (Kaatsu) causes Muscle hypertrophy and strength gain. To investigate the effects of daily physical activity combined with Kaatsu, we examined the acute and chronic effects of walk training with and without Kaatsu on MRI-measured Muscle size and maximum dynamic (one repetition maximum) and isometric strength, along with blood hormonal parameters. Nine men performed Kaatsu-walk training, and nine men performed walk training alone (control-walk). Training was conducted two times a day, 6 days/wk, for 3 wk using five sets of 2-min bouts (treadmill speed at 50 m/min), with a 1-min rest between bouts. Mean oxygen uptake during Kaatsu-walk and control-walk exercise was 19.5 (SD 3.6) and 17.2 % (SD 3.1) of treadmill-determined maximum oxygen uptake, respectively. Serum growth hormone was elevated (P < 0.01) after acute Kaatsu-walk exercise but not in control-walk exercise. MRI-measured thigh Muscle cross-sectional area and Muscle volume increased by 4-7%, and one repetition maximum and maximum isometric strength increased by 8-10% in the Kaatsu-walk group. There was no change in Muscle size and dynamic and isometric strength in the control-walk group. Indicators of Muscle damage (creatine kinase and myoglobin) and resting anabolic hormones did not change in both groups. The results suggest that the combination of Leg Muscle blood flow restriction with slow-walk training induces Muscle hypertrophy and strength gain, despite the minimal level of exercise intensity. Kaatsu-walk training may be a potentially useful method for promoting Muscle hypertrophy, covering a wide range of the population, including the frail and elderly.
Machteld Roelants - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between upper Leg Muscle strength and walking capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Tom Broekmans, Geert Alders, Bert O. Eijnde, Domien Gijbels, Ilse Lamers, Machteld RoelantsAbstract:Background:In persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) resistance training improves Muscle strength but effects on walking capacity are inconsistent.Objective:The objective was to determine the relation between different types of upper Leg Muscle strength measurements and walking capacity in PwMS.Methods:An observational cross-sectional study design was applied. Upper Leg Muscle strength of 52 PwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS range 1.5–6.5) was measured using isometric (knee extensors and flexors) and isokinetic (knee extensors) dynamometry. Walking capacity was assessed using the Timed 25-Foot Walk, Timed Up and Go and Two Minute Walk Test. Subgroups with mild (EDSS 1.5–4.0, n=31) and moderate (EDSS 4.5–6.5, n=21) ambulatory dysfunction were distinguished, and results were hypothesized to differ depending on multiple sclerosis (MS)-related disability status. Correlation and regression analyses were performed on the data of the most affected Leg.Results:Greatest (r: 0.2–0.7) and significant Pear...
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exploring the effects of a 20 week whole body vibration training programme on Leg Muscle performance and function in persons with multiple sclerosis
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Tom Broekmans, Herbert Thijs, Geert Alders, Machteld Roelants, Peter Feys, Bert O. EijndeAbstract:Objective To investigate the acute effects of long-term whole-body vibration on Leg Muscle performance and functional capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis. Design A randomized controlled trial. Subjects Twenty-five patients with multiple sclerosis (mean age 47.9 ± 1.9 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale 4.3 ± 0.2) were assigned randomly to whole-body vibration training (n = 11) or to a control group (n = 14). Methods The whole-body vibration group performed static and dynamic Leg squats and lunges on a vibration platform (25-45 Hz, 2.5 mm amplitude) during a 20-week training period (5 training sessions per 2-week cycle), and the control group maintained their usual lifestyle. PRE-, MID- (10 weeks) and POST- (20 weeks) knee-Muscle maximal isometric and dynamic strength, strength endurance and speed of movement were measured using isokinetic dynamometry. Function was determined through the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go, Two-minute Walk Test and the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test. Results Leg Muscle performance and functional capacity were not altered following 10 or 20 weeks of whole-body vibration. Conclusion Under the conditions of the present study, the applied 20-week whole-body vibration exercise protocol did not improve Leg Muscle performance or functional capacity in mild- to moderately impaired persons with multiple sclerosis during and immediately after the training programme.
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Exploring the effects of a 20-week whole-body vibration training programme on Leg Muscle performance and function in persons with multiple sclerosis
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Tom Broekmans, Herbert Thijs, Geert Alders, Machteld Roelants, Peter Feys, Bert O. EijndeAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acute effects of long-term whole-body vibration on Leg Muscle performance and functional capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SUBJECTS: Twenty-five patients with multiple sclerosis (mean age 47.9 ± 1.9 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale 4.3 ± 0.2) were assigned randomly to whole-body vibration training (n = 11) or to a control group (n = 14). METHODS: The whole-body vibration group performed static and dynamic Leg squats and lunges on a vibration platform (25-45 Hz, 2.5 mm amplitude) during a 20-week training period (5 training sessions per 2-week cycle), and the control group maintained their usual lifestyle. PRE-, MID- (10 weeks) and POST- (20 weeks) knee-Muscle maximal isometric and dynamic strength, strength endurance and speed of movement were measured using isokinetic dynamometry. Function was determined through the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go, Two-minute Walk Test and the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test. RESULTS: Leg Muscle performance and functional capacity were not altered following 10 or 20 weeks of whole-body vibration. CONCLUSION: Under the conditions of the present study, the applied 20-week whole-body vibration exercise protocol did not improve Leg Muscle performance or functional capacity in mild- to moderately impaired persons with multiple sclerosis during and immediately after the training programme.
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whole body vibration induced increase in Leg Muscle activity during different squat exercises
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2006Co-Authors: Machteld Roelants, Sabine Verschueren, Christophe Delecluse, Oron Levin, Valere StijnenAbstract:Roelants, M,, S,M,P, Verschueren, C, Delecluse, O, Levin, and V. Stijnen, Whole-body-vibration—induced increase in Leg Muscle activity during different squat exercises, J. Strength Cond. Res. 20(l):124-129. 2006,—This study analyzed Leg mus- cle activity during whole-body vibration (WBV) training. Sub- jects performed standard unloaded isometric exercises on a vi- brating platform (Power Plate): high squat (HS), low squat (LS), and 1-Legged squat (OL), Muscle activity of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and gastrocnemius was record- ed in 15 men (age 21,2 ± 0,8 years) through use of surface elec- tromyography (EMG), The exercises were performed in 2 con- ditions: with WBV and without (control (CO)) a vibratory stim- ulus of 35 Hz, Muscle activation during WBV was compared with CO and with Muscle activation during isolated maximal volun- tary contractions (MVCs), Whole-body vibration resulted in a significantly higher (p < 0,05) EMG root-mean-square compared with CO in all Muscle groups and all exercises (between -1-39,9 ± 17,5% and +360,6 ± 57,5%), The increase in Muscle activity caused by WBV was significantly higher (p < 0,05) in OL com- pared with HS and LS, In conclusion, WBV resulted in an in- creased activation of the Leg Muscles. During WBV, Leg Muscle activity varied between 12,6 and 82,4% of MVC values.
Tom Broekmans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between upper Leg Muscle strength and walking capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Tom Broekmans, Geert Alders, Bert O. Eijnde, Domien Gijbels, Ilse Lamers, Machteld RoelantsAbstract:Background:In persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) resistance training improves Muscle strength but effects on walking capacity are inconsistent.Objective:The objective was to determine the relation between different types of upper Leg Muscle strength measurements and walking capacity in PwMS.Methods:An observational cross-sectional study design was applied. Upper Leg Muscle strength of 52 PwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS range 1.5–6.5) was measured using isometric (knee extensors and flexors) and isokinetic (knee extensors) dynamometry. Walking capacity was assessed using the Timed 25-Foot Walk, Timed Up and Go and Two Minute Walk Test. Subgroups with mild (EDSS 1.5–4.0, n=31) and moderate (EDSS 4.5–6.5, n=21) ambulatory dysfunction were distinguished, and results were hypothesized to differ depending on multiple sclerosis (MS)-related disability status. Correlation and regression analyses were performed on the data of the most affected Leg.Results:Greatest (r: 0.2–0.7) and significant Pear...
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exploring the effects of a 20 week whole body vibration training programme on Leg Muscle performance and function in persons with multiple sclerosis
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Tom Broekmans, Herbert Thijs, Geert Alders, Machteld Roelants, Peter Feys, Bert O. EijndeAbstract:Objective To investigate the acute effects of long-term whole-body vibration on Leg Muscle performance and functional capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis. Design A randomized controlled trial. Subjects Twenty-five patients with multiple sclerosis (mean age 47.9 ± 1.9 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale 4.3 ± 0.2) were assigned randomly to whole-body vibration training (n = 11) or to a control group (n = 14). Methods The whole-body vibration group performed static and dynamic Leg squats and lunges on a vibration platform (25-45 Hz, 2.5 mm amplitude) during a 20-week training period (5 training sessions per 2-week cycle), and the control group maintained their usual lifestyle. PRE-, MID- (10 weeks) and POST- (20 weeks) knee-Muscle maximal isometric and dynamic strength, strength endurance and speed of movement were measured using isokinetic dynamometry. Function was determined through the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go, Two-minute Walk Test and the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test. Results Leg Muscle performance and functional capacity were not altered following 10 or 20 weeks of whole-body vibration. Conclusion Under the conditions of the present study, the applied 20-week whole-body vibration exercise protocol did not improve Leg Muscle performance or functional capacity in mild- to moderately impaired persons with multiple sclerosis during and immediately after the training programme.
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Exploring the effects of a 20-week whole-body vibration training programme on Leg Muscle performance and function in persons with multiple sclerosis
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Tom Broekmans, Herbert Thijs, Geert Alders, Machteld Roelants, Peter Feys, Bert O. EijndeAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acute effects of long-term whole-body vibration on Leg Muscle performance and functional capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SUBJECTS: Twenty-five patients with multiple sclerosis (mean age 47.9 ± 1.9 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale 4.3 ± 0.2) were assigned randomly to whole-body vibration training (n = 11) or to a control group (n = 14). METHODS: The whole-body vibration group performed static and dynamic Leg squats and lunges on a vibration platform (25-45 Hz, 2.5 mm amplitude) during a 20-week training period (5 training sessions per 2-week cycle), and the control group maintained their usual lifestyle. PRE-, MID- (10 weeks) and POST- (20 weeks) knee-Muscle maximal isometric and dynamic strength, strength endurance and speed of movement were measured using isokinetic dynamometry. Function was determined through the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go, Two-minute Walk Test and the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test. RESULTS: Leg Muscle performance and functional capacity were not altered following 10 or 20 weeks of whole-body vibration. CONCLUSION: Under the conditions of the present study, the applied 20-week whole-body vibration exercise protocol did not improve Leg Muscle performance or functional capacity in mild- to moderately impaired persons with multiple sclerosis during and immediately after the training programme.