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S. Ju Won - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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P.6.b.010 Virtual reality therapy decreased metabolism of Lentiform Nucleus in patients with alcohol dependence: PET study
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: S. Ji Hyun, H. Doug Hyun, N. Churl, L. Sang Hoon, S. Ju WonAbstract:Objective: Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) was defined as 'Immersion-Interaction-Imagination', and used multimodal stimulation such as visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory stimulus. It has been most successful in treating a spectrum of anxiety disorders, specifically certain phobias. Recently, a limited number results have reported that VRT is a valuable tool for evoking cue reactivity to drug-related stimulus in an attempt to treat addiction. Also, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies were effective to show the change of brain metabolism, as a kind of neurochemical study. The aim of this study was to show the unbalance of brain metabolism of alcoholics compared with controls. In addition, we expected that the effect of VRT of alcohol dependence would be associated with change of brain activity. Method: Seven alcoholic patients diagnosed with DSM-IV TR criteria for alcohol dependence, and 12 healthy control group were recruited. We detoxified the patients with lorazepam(1-2 mg/day), thiamine(200 mg/day) over a week. All subjects underwent PETCT (Gemini TF, Philipse, Philadelphia, PA, USA), F-18 FDG 5mCi and once more in VRT group after treatment. VRT protocol consisted of 3 steps - Relaxation with sound (5min), High-risk situation (with soju, 10min), and Aversive situation (with kefir, 10min). We repeated VRT for all patients 10 sessions. Further, we checked scales for alcohol dependence 'Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test' (AUDIT), Beck Depression Index (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), Behavior Activation System/Behavior Inhibition System (Korean-BAS/BIS), Hanil Alcohol Insight Scale (HAIS), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). PET images were analyzed using MATLAB 7.5.0 (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA) and SPM5 software, which were reconstructed using a standard optimized VBM protocol. Results: (1) Compared with healthy control group, patients with alcohol dependence showed increased metabolism on right globus pallidus Lentiform Nucleus, left temporal lobe fusiform gyrus (BA37). (Puncorr = 0.002) Also, the metabolism of right anterior cingulate (BA25) was decreased in patients with alcohol dependence. (Puncorr = 0.001) 2) After VRT, patients showed that brain metabolism was decreased on right globus pallidus Lentiform Nucleus (Puncorr = 0.005) and right temporal lobe (BA20) (Puncorr = 0.009). Conclusion: In Alcohol dependence, higher metabolism in basal ganglia means elation of sensitivity for stimuli, especially more sensitive to high-risk situation of alcohol. In addition, Lowered metabolism in anterior cingulate cortex means loss of inhibitory control/emotional regulation and higher impulsivity than controls. Correctly, our results suggest that there is neurobiological imbalance on limbic system in patients with alcohol dependence. Further, after VRT, we found decreased metabolism in basal ganglia which could explain the limbic-regulated responses to reward and regulation in limbic circuits. Finally, we might recommend VRT for alcohol dependence as a kind of effective therapeutic application with regulation in limbic circuits.
S. Ji Hyun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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P.6.b.010 Virtual reality therapy decreased metabolism of Lentiform Nucleus in patients with alcohol dependence: PET study
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: S. Ji Hyun, H. Doug Hyun, N. Churl, L. Sang Hoon, S. Ju WonAbstract:Objective: Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) was defined as 'Immersion-Interaction-Imagination', and used multimodal stimulation such as visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory stimulus. It has been most successful in treating a spectrum of anxiety disorders, specifically certain phobias. Recently, a limited number results have reported that VRT is a valuable tool for evoking cue reactivity to drug-related stimulus in an attempt to treat addiction. Also, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies were effective to show the change of brain metabolism, as a kind of neurochemical study. The aim of this study was to show the unbalance of brain metabolism of alcoholics compared with controls. In addition, we expected that the effect of VRT of alcohol dependence would be associated with change of brain activity. Method: Seven alcoholic patients diagnosed with DSM-IV TR criteria for alcohol dependence, and 12 healthy control group were recruited. We detoxified the patients with lorazepam(1-2 mg/day), thiamine(200 mg/day) over a week. All subjects underwent PETCT (Gemini TF, Philipse, Philadelphia, PA, USA), F-18 FDG 5mCi and once more in VRT group after treatment. VRT protocol consisted of 3 steps - Relaxation with sound (5min), High-risk situation (with soju, 10min), and Aversive situation (with kefir, 10min). We repeated VRT for all patients 10 sessions. Further, we checked scales for alcohol dependence 'Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test' (AUDIT), Beck Depression Index (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), Behavior Activation System/Behavior Inhibition System (Korean-BAS/BIS), Hanil Alcohol Insight Scale (HAIS), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). PET images were analyzed using MATLAB 7.5.0 (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA) and SPM5 software, which were reconstructed using a standard optimized VBM protocol. Results: (1) Compared with healthy control group, patients with alcohol dependence showed increased metabolism on right globus pallidus Lentiform Nucleus, left temporal lobe fusiform gyrus (BA37). (Puncorr = 0.002) Also, the metabolism of right anterior cingulate (BA25) was decreased in patients with alcohol dependence. (Puncorr = 0.001) 2) After VRT, patients showed that brain metabolism was decreased on right globus pallidus Lentiform Nucleus (Puncorr = 0.005) and right temporal lobe (BA20) (Puncorr = 0.009). Conclusion: In Alcohol dependence, higher metabolism in basal ganglia means elation of sensitivity for stimuli, especially more sensitive to high-risk situation of alcohol. In addition, Lowered metabolism in anterior cingulate cortex means loss of inhibitory control/emotional regulation and higher impulsivity than controls. Correctly, our results suggest that there is neurobiological imbalance on limbic system in patients with alcohol dependence. Further, after VRT, we found decreased metabolism in basal ganglia which could explain the limbic-regulated responses to reward and regulation in limbic circuits. Finally, we might recommend VRT for alcohol dependence as a kind of effective therapeutic application with regulation in limbic circuits.
Doug Hyun Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Virtual Reality Therapy for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: A Preliminary Investigation With Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 2015Co-Authors: Ji Hyun Son, Ju Won Seok, Baik Seok Kee, Hyun Woong Lee, Tae Kyung Lee, Hyung-joon Kim, Sang Hoon Lee, Doug Hyun HanAbstract:© 2015, Alcohol Research Documentation Inc. All rights reserved. Objective: Virtual reality therapy (VRT) uses multimodal stimulation that includes visual, auditory, olfactory, and gustatory stimuli. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of VRT in treating subjects with alcohol dependence (AD) by evaluating changes in brain metabolism. Method: The VRT protocol consisted of three steps: relaxation, presentation of a high-risk situation, and presentation of an aversive situation. Twelve alcohol-dependent subjects underwent 10 sessions of VRT. The alcohol-dependent subjects were assessed with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography images before and after VRT, whereas the control group underwent imaging according to the same protocol only at baseline. Results: Compared with the healthy control group, AD subjects showed higher metabolism in the right Lentiform Nucleus and right temporal lobe (BA20) at baseline (P < inf > FDR < .05 < /inf > =.026). In addition, the metabolism in the left anterior cingulate was lower in subjects with AD (Puncorr =.001). After VRT, alcohol-dependent subjects showed decreased brain metabolism in the right Lentiform Nucleus (P < inf > FDR < .05 < /inf > =.026) and right temporal lobe (BA38, P < inf > FDR < .05 < /inf > =.032) relative to that at baseline. Conclusions: Our results suggest a neurobiological imbalance, notably, a high sensitivity to stimuli, in the limbic system in subjects with AD. Furthermore, we determined that metabolism decreased in the basal ganglia after VRT, which may explain the limbic-regulated responses of reward and regulation. Therefore, we tentatively recommend VRT to treat AD through its regulating effect on limbic circuits.
Greig I. Zubicaray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genome-wide association identifies genetic variants associated with Lentiform Nucleus volume in N = 1345 young and elderly subjects
Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2013Co-Authors: Derrek P. Hibar, Jason L. Stein, April B. Ryles, Omid Kohannim, Neda Jahanshad, Sarah E. Medland, Narelle K. Hansell, Katie L. Mcmahon, Greig I. Zubicaray, Grant W. MontgomeryAbstract:Deficits in Lentiform Nucleus volume and morphometry are implicated in a number of genetically influenced disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and ADHD. Here we performed genome-wide searches to discover common genetic variants associated with differences in Lentiform Nucleus volume in human populations. We assessed structural MRI scans of the brain in two large genotyped samples: the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; N = 706) and the Queensland Twin Imaging Study (QTIM; N = 639). Statistics of association from each cohort were combined meta-analytically using a fixed-effects model to boost power and to reduce the prevalence of false positive findings. We identified a number of associations in and around the flavin-containing monooxygenase ( FMO ) gene cluster. The most highly associated SNP, rs1795240, was located in the FMO3 gene; after meta-analysis, it showed genome-wide significant evidence of association with Lentiform Nucleus volume ( P _ MA = 4.79 × 10^−8). This commonly-carried genetic variant accounted for 2.68 % and 0.84 % of the trait variability in the ADNI and QTIM samples, respectively, even though the QTIM sample was on average 50 years younger. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant contributions of this gene to the cytochrome P450 pathway, which is involved in metabolizing numerous therapeutic drugs for pain, seizures, mania, depression, anxiety, and psychosis. The genetic variants we identified provide replicated, genome-wide significant evidence for the FMO gene cluster’s involvement in Lentiform Nucleus volume differences in human populations.
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genome wide association identifies genetic variants associated with Lentiform Nucleus volume in n 1345 young and elderly subjects
Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2013Co-Authors: Derrek P. Hibar, Jason L. Stein, April B. Ryles, Omid Kohannim, Neda Jahanshad, Sarah E. Medland, Narelle K. Hansell, Katie L. Mcmahon, Greig I. ZubicarayAbstract:Deficits in Lentiform Nucleus volume and morphometry are implicated in a number of genetically influenced disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and ADHD. Here we performed genome-wide searches to discover common genetic variants associated with differences in Lentiform Nucleus volume in human populations. We assessed structural MRI scans of the brain in two large genotyped samples: the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; N = 706) and the Queensland Twin Imaging Study (QTIM; N = 639). Statistics of association from each cohort were combined meta-analytically using a fixed-effects model to boost power and to reduce the prevalence of false positive findings. We identified a number of associations in and around the flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) gene cluster. The most highly associated SNP, rs1795240, was located in the FMO3 gene; after meta-analysis, it showed genome-wide significant evidence of association with Lentiform Nucleus volume (PMA = 4.79 × 10−8). This commonly-carried genetic variant accounted for 2.68 % and 0.84 % of the trait variability in the ADNI and QTIM samples, respectively, even though the QTIM sample was on average 50 years younger. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant contributions of this gene to the cytochrome P450 pathway, which is involved in metabolizing numerous therapeutic drugs for pain, seizures, mania, depression, anxiety, and psychosis. The genetic variants we identified provide replicated, genome-wide significant evidence for the FMO gene cluster’s involvement in Lentiform Nucleus volume differences in human populations.
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Genome-wide association identifies genetic variants associated with Lentiform Nucleus volume in N = 1345 young and elderly subjects.
Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2012Co-Authors: Derrek P. Hibar, Jason L. Stein, April B. Ryles, Omid Kohannim, Neda Jahanshad, Sarah E. Medland, Narelle K. Hansell, Katie L. Mcmahon, Greig I. Zubicaray, Grant W. MontgomeryAbstract:Deficits in Lentiform Nucleus volume and morphometry are implicated in a number of genetically influenced disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and ADHD. Here we performed genome-wide searches to discover common genetic variants associated with differences in Lentiform Nucleus volume in human populations. We assessed structural MRI scans of the brain in two large genotyped samples: the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; N = 706) and the Queensland Twin Imaging Study (QTIM; N = 639). Statistics of association from each cohort were combined meta-analytically using a fixed-effects model to boost power and to reduce the prevalence of false positive findings. We identified a number of associations in and around the flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) gene cluster. The most highly associated SNP, rs1795240, was located in the FMO3 gene; after meta-analysis, it showed genome-wide significant evidence of association with Lentiform Nucleus volume (PMA = 4.79 × 10−8). This commonly-carried genetic variant accounted for 2.68 % and 0.84 % of the trait variability in the ADNI and QTIM samples, respectively, even though the QTIM sample was on average 50 years younger. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant contributions of this gene to the cytochrome P450 pathway, which is involved in metabolizing numerous therapeutic drugs for pain, seizures, mania, depression, anxiety, and psychosis. The genetic variants we identified provide replicated, genome-wide significant evidence for the FMO gene cluster’s involvement in Lentiform Nucleus volume differences in human populations.
L. Sang Hoon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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P.6.b.010 Virtual reality therapy decreased metabolism of Lentiform Nucleus in patients with alcohol dependence: PET study
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: S. Ji Hyun, H. Doug Hyun, N. Churl, L. Sang Hoon, S. Ju WonAbstract:Objective: Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) was defined as 'Immersion-Interaction-Imagination', and used multimodal stimulation such as visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory stimulus. It has been most successful in treating a spectrum of anxiety disorders, specifically certain phobias. Recently, a limited number results have reported that VRT is a valuable tool for evoking cue reactivity to drug-related stimulus in an attempt to treat addiction. Also, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies were effective to show the change of brain metabolism, as a kind of neurochemical study. The aim of this study was to show the unbalance of brain metabolism of alcoholics compared with controls. In addition, we expected that the effect of VRT of alcohol dependence would be associated with change of brain activity. Method: Seven alcoholic patients diagnosed with DSM-IV TR criteria for alcohol dependence, and 12 healthy control group were recruited. We detoxified the patients with lorazepam(1-2 mg/day), thiamine(200 mg/day) over a week. All subjects underwent PETCT (Gemini TF, Philipse, Philadelphia, PA, USA), F-18 FDG 5mCi and once more in VRT group after treatment. VRT protocol consisted of 3 steps - Relaxation with sound (5min), High-risk situation (with soju, 10min), and Aversive situation (with kefir, 10min). We repeated VRT for all patients 10 sessions. Further, we checked scales for alcohol dependence 'Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test' (AUDIT), Beck Depression Index (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), Behavior Activation System/Behavior Inhibition System (Korean-BAS/BIS), Hanil Alcohol Insight Scale (HAIS), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). PET images were analyzed using MATLAB 7.5.0 (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA) and SPM5 software, which were reconstructed using a standard optimized VBM protocol. Results: (1) Compared with healthy control group, patients with alcohol dependence showed increased metabolism on right globus pallidus Lentiform Nucleus, left temporal lobe fusiform gyrus (BA37). (Puncorr = 0.002) Also, the metabolism of right anterior cingulate (BA25) was decreased in patients with alcohol dependence. (Puncorr = 0.001) 2) After VRT, patients showed that brain metabolism was decreased on right globus pallidus Lentiform Nucleus (Puncorr = 0.005) and right temporal lobe (BA20) (Puncorr = 0.009). Conclusion: In Alcohol dependence, higher metabolism in basal ganglia means elation of sensitivity for stimuli, especially more sensitive to high-risk situation of alcohol. In addition, Lowered metabolism in anterior cingulate cortex means loss of inhibitory control/emotional regulation and higher impulsivity than controls. Correctly, our results suggest that there is neurobiological imbalance on limbic system in patients with alcohol dependence. Further, after VRT, we found decreased metabolism in basal ganglia which could explain the limbic-regulated responses to reward and regulation in limbic circuits. Finally, we might recommend VRT for alcohol dependence as a kind of effective therapeutic application with regulation in limbic circuits.