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Alcides Pissinatti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spontaneous meningoencephalitis by staphylococcus aureus in an infant golden headed lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Journal of Medical Primatology, 2019Co-Authors: Camila V. Molina, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Alcides Pissinatti, Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha, Terezinha Knobl, Jose Luiz Cataodias, Josue DiazdelgadoAbstract:Non-human primates are susceptible to many bacteria, some of which bear zoonotic potential. We report the pathologic features of spontaneous fulminating meningoencephalitis by Staphylococcus aureus in a captive infant golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) from Brazil.
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Malassezia japonica is part of the cutaneous microbiome of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas - Kuhl, 1820).
Medical mycology, 2019Co-Authors: Selene Dall'acqua Coutinho, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Alcides Pissinatti, Carlos Sacristán, Juliana Marigo, José Luiz Catão-diasAbstract:We investigated Malassezia spp. in external ear canal and haircoat of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). A total of 199 animals were restrained, and 597 clinical samples were collected. After the amplification of the 26S ribosomal gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the RFLP technique was performed. Two additional PCR protocols were performed in 10 randomly selected strains. Malassezia sp. was isolated in 38.2% (76/199) of the animals and 14.6% (87/597) of the samples; all strains were lipodependent. The 10 sequenced strains showed a high identity with Malassezia japonica, species described in man, but not in animals, so far.
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spontaneous retroperitoneal liposarcoma in a free ranging juvenile golden headed lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Journal of Medical Primatology, 2019Co-Authors: Josue Diazdelgado, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Camila V. Molina, Alcides Pissinatti, Jose Luiz Cataodias, Marina Galvão BuenoAbstract:Malignant adipocytic neoplasia is rare among nonhuman primates. We report the gross and microscopic features of a retroperitoneal liposarcoma with myxofibrosarcoma-like dedifferentiation in a free-ranging juvenile golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). To our knowledge, this is the first report of such tumor subtype in New World primates.
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Hematological evaluation of free-living golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) from an Urban Atlantic Forest.
Journal of medical primatology, 2018Co-Authors: Aline Vieira Pinheiro Dos Santos, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, José Luiz Catão-dias, Alcides Pissinatti, Aline Moreira De Souza, Camila De Souza Cerqueira Machado, Sabrina Destri Emmerick Campos, Fabiana Batalha Knackfuss, Danilo Gomes De Freitas SilvaAbstract:Background The Atlantic Forest where the animals were captured is surrounded by residences, so this close contact could favor the presence of disease-transmitting pathogens, putting the local population at risk. For these and other factors, it is important to perform laboratory tests enabling the performance of important diagnoses. Methods Blood samples of 268 golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) inhabiting an Atlantic Forest area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were processed for accessing age and sex influence in hematological parameters and to establish normative hematology values. Results Mean values of red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet count were significantly higher in adult males than in adult females. Adult animals had significantly higher mean neutrophil count, and young animals had higher averages than adults in lymphocyte values. Anisocytosis and platelet indices parameters were also provided for the first time. Conclusions Averages presented can be used as hematological parameters for golden-headed lion tamarins.
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Evaluation of three chemical immobilization protocols in golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) undergoing vasectomy surgery.
Journal of medical primatology, 2017Co-Authors: Mario A. Ferraro, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, José Luiz Catão-dias, Camila V. Molina, Alcides Pissinatti, Silvia Renata Gaido CortopassiAbstract:BACKGROUND The golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas), originally endemic to Bahia, was introduced in Rio de Janeiro. The species is currently found in remaining forests within the region of original occupation of the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), which may compromise the survival of the golden lion tamarin. Groups of golden-headed lion tamarins were captured and translocated to Bahia. However, the area chosen reached its limit and males underwent to vasectomy procedures. METHODS Animals were separated into 3 groups: S-ketamine and midazolam, S-ketamine and dexmedetomidine, and racemic ketamine and dexmedetomidine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Heart rate, sedation and muscle relaxation degrees, antinociception, and lidocaine consumption presented significant difference between midazolam and dexmedetomidine groups. Bradycardia was present on dexmedetomidine groups, with values remaining within the normal range. Dexmedetomidine groups present the best outcomes for muscle relaxation, sedation, and antinociception and were safe for vasectomy surgery in golden-headed lion tamarins.
José Luiz Catão-dias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Malassezia japonica is part of the cutaneous microbiome of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas - Kuhl, 1820).
Medical mycology, 2019Co-Authors: Selene Dall'acqua Coutinho, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Alcides Pissinatti, Carlos Sacristán, Juliana Marigo, José Luiz Catão-diasAbstract:We investigated Malassezia spp. in external ear canal and haircoat of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). A total of 199 animals were restrained, and 597 clinical samples were collected. After the amplification of the 26S ribosomal gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the RFLP technique was performed. Two additional PCR protocols were performed in 10 randomly selected strains. Malassezia sp. was isolated in 38.2% (76/199) of the animals and 14.6% (87/597) of the samples; all strains were lipodependent. The 10 sequenced strains showed a high identity with Malassezia japonica, species described in man, but not in animals, so far.
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Hematological evaluation of free-living golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) from an Urban Atlantic Forest.
Journal of medical primatology, 2018Co-Authors: Aline Vieira Pinheiro Dos Santos, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, José Luiz Catão-dias, Alcides Pissinatti, Aline Moreira De Souza, Camila De Souza Cerqueira Machado, Sabrina Destri Emmerick Campos, Fabiana Batalha Knackfuss, Danilo Gomes De Freitas SilvaAbstract:Background The Atlantic Forest where the animals were captured is surrounded by residences, so this close contact could favor the presence of disease-transmitting pathogens, putting the local population at risk. For these and other factors, it is important to perform laboratory tests enabling the performance of important diagnoses. Methods Blood samples of 268 golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) inhabiting an Atlantic Forest area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were processed for accessing age and sex influence in hematological parameters and to establish normative hematology values. Results Mean values of red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet count were significantly higher in adult males than in adult females. Adult animals had significantly higher mean neutrophil count, and young animals had higher averages than adults in lymphocyte values. Anisocytosis and platelet indices parameters were also provided for the first time. Conclusions Averages presented can be used as hematological parameters for golden-headed lion tamarins.
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Evaluation of three chemical immobilization protocols in golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) undergoing vasectomy surgery.
Journal of medical primatology, 2017Co-Authors: Mario A. Ferraro, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, José Luiz Catão-dias, Camila V. Molina, Alcides Pissinatti, Silvia Renata Gaido CortopassiAbstract:BACKGROUND The golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas), originally endemic to Bahia, was introduced in Rio de Janeiro. The species is currently found in remaining forests within the region of original occupation of the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), which may compromise the survival of the golden lion tamarin. Groups of golden-headed lion tamarins were captured and translocated to Bahia. However, the area chosen reached its limit and males underwent to vasectomy procedures. METHODS Animals were separated into 3 groups: S-ketamine and midazolam, S-ketamine and dexmedetomidine, and racemic ketamine and dexmedetomidine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Heart rate, sedation and muscle relaxation degrees, antinociception, and lidocaine consumption presented significant difference between midazolam and dexmedetomidine groups. Bradycardia was present on dexmedetomidine groups, with values remaining within the normal range. Dexmedetomidine groups present the best outcomes for muscle relaxation, sedation, and antinociception and were safe for vasectomy surgery in golden-headed lion tamarins.
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Survey of Malassezia sp and dermatophytes in the cutaneous microbiome of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas - Kuhl, 1820).
Journal of medical primatology, 2017Co-Authors: Juan Ja Neves, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, José Luiz Catão-dias, Camila V. Molina, Alcides Pissinatti, Marcelo Francelino, Flavia Gl Silva, Luana Cl Baptista, Selene Da CoutinhoAbstract:Background Data about the presence of fungi on the cutaneous surface of wild animals are scarce. The aim of this study was to survey dermatophytes and Malassezia sp in the external ear canal and haircoat of Leontopithecus chrysomelas. Methods A total of 928 clinical samples were collected from 232 animals: For Malassezia screening 696 samples were studied, 464 of cerumen and 232 of haircoat; another 232 haircoat samples were studied for dermatophyte analysis. Results A geophilic dermatophyte, Microsporum cookie, was isolated from one young female. Lipodependent Malassezia was isolated from 76 animals and 87 clinical samples, 26 from the cerumen and 61 from the haircoat (statistically significant); there were no differences related to gender and age. Conclusions Results suggested that lipodependent Malassezia is part of the skin microbiome of these animals. The prevalence of dermatophytes was too low and probably not relevant for the health of the studied population.
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Nasal, oral and rectal microbiota of Black lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysopygus)
2016Co-Authors: Vania M. Carvalho, Alcides Pissinatti, Ralph E. T. Vanstreels, Cátia D. Paula, Cristiane K. M, Maria Christina, C. Ramos, Selene D. Coutinho, Cristiana S. Martins, José Luiz Catão-diasAbstract:Black lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) are endangered callithrichids. Their conservation may require future translocations or reintroductions; however these approaches involve risks of pathogen introduction in the environment and stress-related opportunistic infections in these animals. In order to screen for opportunistic and potential pathogenic bacterial and fungal microbiota, ten free-ranging and ten captive Black lion tamarins were studied and the results compared. Nasal, oral and rectal swabs were collected and cultured for aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria and fungi, and a total 203 bacterial and 84 fungal isolates were obtained. Overall, the most frequent organism
Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spontaneous meningoencephalitis by staphylococcus aureus in an infant golden headed lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Journal of Medical Primatology, 2019Co-Authors: Camila V. Molina, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Alcides Pissinatti, Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha, Terezinha Knobl, Jose Luiz Cataodias, Josue DiazdelgadoAbstract:Non-human primates are susceptible to many bacteria, some of which bear zoonotic potential. We report the pathologic features of spontaneous fulminating meningoencephalitis by Staphylococcus aureus in a captive infant golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) from Brazil.
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Malassezia japonica is part of the cutaneous microbiome of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas - Kuhl, 1820).
Medical mycology, 2019Co-Authors: Selene Dall'acqua Coutinho, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Alcides Pissinatti, Carlos Sacristán, Juliana Marigo, José Luiz Catão-diasAbstract:We investigated Malassezia spp. in external ear canal and haircoat of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). A total of 199 animals were restrained, and 597 clinical samples were collected. After the amplification of the 26S ribosomal gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the RFLP technique was performed. Two additional PCR protocols were performed in 10 randomly selected strains. Malassezia sp. was isolated in 38.2% (76/199) of the animals and 14.6% (87/597) of the samples; all strains were lipodependent. The 10 sequenced strains showed a high identity with Malassezia japonica, species described in man, but not in animals, so far.
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spontaneous retroperitoneal liposarcoma in a free ranging juvenile golden headed lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Journal of Medical Primatology, 2019Co-Authors: Josue Diazdelgado, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Camila V. Molina, Alcides Pissinatti, Jose Luiz Cataodias, Marina Galvão BuenoAbstract:Malignant adipocytic neoplasia is rare among nonhuman primates. We report the gross and microscopic features of a retroperitoneal liposarcoma with myxofibrosarcoma-like dedifferentiation in a free-ranging juvenile golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). To our knowledge, this is the first report of such tumor subtype in New World primates.
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Hematological evaluation of free-living golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) from an Urban Atlantic Forest.
Journal of medical primatology, 2018Co-Authors: Aline Vieira Pinheiro Dos Santos, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, José Luiz Catão-dias, Alcides Pissinatti, Aline Moreira De Souza, Camila De Souza Cerqueira Machado, Sabrina Destri Emmerick Campos, Fabiana Batalha Knackfuss, Danilo Gomes De Freitas SilvaAbstract:Background The Atlantic Forest where the animals were captured is surrounded by residences, so this close contact could favor the presence of disease-transmitting pathogens, putting the local population at risk. For these and other factors, it is important to perform laboratory tests enabling the performance of important diagnoses. Methods Blood samples of 268 golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) inhabiting an Atlantic Forest area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were processed for accessing age and sex influence in hematological parameters and to establish normative hematology values. Results Mean values of red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet count were significantly higher in adult males than in adult females. Adult animals had significantly higher mean neutrophil count, and young animals had higher averages than adults in lymphocyte values. Anisocytosis and platelet indices parameters were also provided for the first time. Conclusions Averages presented can be used as hematological parameters for golden-headed lion tamarins.
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Evaluation of three chemical immobilization protocols in golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) undergoing vasectomy surgery.
Journal of medical primatology, 2017Co-Authors: Mario A. Ferraro, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, José Luiz Catão-dias, Camila V. Molina, Alcides Pissinatti, Silvia Renata Gaido CortopassiAbstract:BACKGROUND The golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas), originally endemic to Bahia, was introduced in Rio de Janeiro. The species is currently found in remaining forests within the region of original occupation of the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), which may compromise the survival of the golden lion tamarin. Groups of golden-headed lion tamarins were captured and translocated to Bahia. However, the area chosen reached its limit and males underwent to vasectomy procedures. METHODS Animals were separated into 3 groups: S-ketamine and midazolam, S-ketamine and dexmedetomidine, and racemic ketamine and dexmedetomidine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Heart rate, sedation and muscle relaxation degrees, antinociception, and lidocaine consumption presented significant difference between midazolam and dexmedetomidine groups. Bradycardia was present on dexmedetomidine groups, with values remaining within the normal range. Dexmedetomidine groups present the best outcomes for muscle relaxation, sedation, and antinociception and were safe for vasectomy surgery in golden-headed lion tamarins.
Marina Galvão Bueno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spontaneous meningoencephalitis by staphylococcus aureus in an infant golden headed lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Journal of Medical Primatology, 2019Co-Authors: Camila V. Molina, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Alcides Pissinatti, Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha, Terezinha Knobl, Jose Luiz Cataodias, Josue DiazdelgadoAbstract:Non-human primates are susceptible to many bacteria, some of which bear zoonotic potential. We report the pathologic features of spontaneous fulminating meningoencephalitis by Staphylococcus aureus in a captive infant golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) from Brazil.
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Malassezia japonica is part of the cutaneous microbiome of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas - Kuhl, 1820).
Medical mycology, 2019Co-Authors: Selene Dall'acqua Coutinho, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Alcides Pissinatti, Carlos Sacristán, Juliana Marigo, José Luiz Catão-diasAbstract:We investigated Malassezia spp. in external ear canal and haircoat of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). A total of 199 animals were restrained, and 597 clinical samples were collected. After the amplification of the 26S ribosomal gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the RFLP technique was performed. Two additional PCR protocols were performed in 10 randomly selected strains. Malassezia sp. was isolated in 38.2% (76/199) of the animals and 14.6% (87/597) of the samples; all strains were lipodependent. The 10 sequenced strains showed a high identity with Malassezia japonica, species described in man, but not in animals, so far.
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spontaneous retroperitoneal liposarcoma in a free ranging juvenile golden headed lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Journal of Medical Primatology, 2019Co-Authors: Josue Diazdelgado, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Camila V. Molina, Alcides Pissinatti, Jose Luiz Cataodias, Marina Galvão BuenoAbstract:Malignant adipocytic neoplasia is rare among nonhuman primates. We report the gross and microscopic features of a retroperitoneal liposarcoma with myxofibrosarcoma-like dedifferentiation in a free-ranging juvenile golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). To our knowledge, this is the first report of such tumor subtype in New World primates.
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Hematological evaluation of free-living golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) from an Urban Atlantic Forest.
Journal of medical primatology, 2018Co-Authors: Aline Vieira Pinheiro Dos Santos, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, José Luiz Catão-dias, Alcides Pissinatti, Aline Moreira De Souza, Camila De Souza Cerqueira Machado, Sabrina Destri Emmerick Campos, Fabiana Batalha Knackfuss, Danilo Gomes De Freitas SilvaAbstract:Background The Atlantic Forest where the animals were captured is surrounded by residences, so this close contact could favor the presence of disease-transmitting pathogens, putting the local population at risk. For these and other factors, it is important to perform laboratory tests enabling the performance of important diagnoses. Methods Blood samples of 268 golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) inhabiting an Atlantic Forest area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were processed for accessing age and sex influence in hematological parameters and to establish normative hematology values. Results Mean values of red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet count were significantly higher in adult males than in adult females. Adult animals had significantly higher mean neutrophil count, and young animals had higher averages than adults in lymphocyte values. Anisocytosis and platelet indices parameters were also provided for the first time. Conclusions Averages presented can be used as hematological parameters for golden-headed lion tamarins.
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Evaluation of three chemical immobilization protocols in golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) undergoing vasectomy surgery.
Journal of medical primatology, 2017Co-Authors: Mario A. Ferraro, Marina Galvão Bueno, Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, José Luiz Catão-dias, Camila V. Molina, Alcides Pissinatti, Silvia Renata Gaido CortopassiAbstract:BACKGROUND The golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas), originally endemic to Bahia, was introduced in Rio de Janeiro. The species is currently found in remaining forests within the region of original occupation of the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), which may compromise the survival of the golden lion tamarin. Groups of golden-headed lion tamarins were captured and translocated to Bahia. However, the area chosen reached its limit and males underwent to vasectomy procedures. METHODS Animals were separated into 3 groups: S-ketamine and midazolam, S-ketamine and dexmedetomidine, and racemic ketamine and dexmedetomidine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Heart rate, sedation and muscle relaxation degrees, antinociception, and lidocaine consumption presented significant difference between midazolam and dexmedetomidine groups. Bradycardia was present on dexmedetomidine groups, with values remaining within the normal range. Dexmedetomidine groups present the best outcomes for muscle relaxation, sedation, and antinociception and were safe for vasectomy surgery in golden-headed lion tamarins.
James M Dietz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Social and Reproductive Factors Affecting Cortisol Levels in Wild Female Golden Lion Tamarins
2016Co-Authors: Karen L. Bales–n, Jeffrey A. French, Caroline M. Hostetler, James M DietzAbstract:The steroid hormone cortisol has been associated with different levels of ‘‘stress’ ’ as well as different reproductive conditions in many primates. In callitrichids, cortisol has more often been reflective of female reproduc-tive status than of chronic stress. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that wild golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) females, whose social structure is characterized by low aggression and high social support, would not show rank (‘‘stress’’)-related differences in glucocorticoids but would show reproductive changes. We collected 710 fecal samples from 22 adult females in Poço das Antas Reserve, Brazil, and nearby reintroduction areas, and assayed them for cortisol. Differences in cortisol levels were found between different reproductive conditions. Females in the first trimester of pregnancy had lower cortisol levels than nonpregnant females, although we did not differentiate between basal and ovulating levels in nonpregnant females. Cortisol rose in the third trimester of pregnancy. Primiparous females had a highe
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the golden lion tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia a conservation success story
International Zoo Yearbook, 2012Co-Authors: M C M Kierulff, Benjamin B Beck, James M Dietz, Carlos R Ruizmiranda, Procopio P De Oliveira, Ana C Martins, D M Rambaldi, Andrew J. BakerAbstract:In 1960, the Golden lion tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia was almost extinct in the wild and the captive population, with poor reproduction and survival, was not well established. In the 1970s, after many improvements, the captive population began to grow and the Poco das Antas Biological Reserve was created to protect the species. In the 1980s, long-term research was begun on the demography and socio-ecology of the Golden lion tamarins, along with community environmental education and a reintroduction programme of captive-born animals (initially in the reserve, later in neighbouring private forests). About 30 zoos contributed the 146 captive-born reintroduced tamarins, and provided information on social behaviour, nutrition and health that was critical to developing reintroduction strategies. In 1994, threatened groups isolated in small fragments were rescued and translocated to a protected forest. Both programmes have been successful as measured by survival and reproduction after release, and both techniques have established growing populations. Although new threats (introduction of exotic primates) continue to challenge our efforts to preserve the species, there is no doubt of the success of almost 30 years of the Golden Lion Tamarin Conservation Programme.
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energy intake energy expenditure and reproductive costs of female wild golden lion tamarins Leontopithecus rosalia
American Journal of Primatology, 2006Co-Authors: Kimran E Miller, Karen L. Bales, Jadir H Ramos, James M DietzAbstract:Callitrichid females are often described as energetically constrained. We examined the energy budgets of 10 female wild golden lion tamarins (GLTs, Leontopithecus rosalia) in an effort to understand how energy intake and expenditure might influence physical condition and therefore reproductive performance. We used focal animal sampling to record behavioral data and conducted energy analyses of foods consumed by GLTs to estimate intake and expenditure. We used two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to compare intake in the reproductive vs. nonreproductive period and expenditure in the reproductive vs. nonreproductive period. Energy intake decreased during the reproductive period compared to the nonreproductive period. While total expenditure did not vary significantly across the two periods, females spent more time and therefore expended significantly more energy engaged in energetically inexpensive behaviors (i.e., sleeping or being stationary) during the reproductive period compared to the nonreproductive period. We suggest that reproductive female GLTs may adopt a reproductive strategy that includes high intake prior to pregnancy and lactation, and energy conservation during pregnancy and lactation.
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The use of degraded and shade cocoa forests by Endangered golden-headed lion tamarins Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Oryx, 2004Co-Authors: Becky E Raboy, Mary C. Christman, James M DietzAbstract:Determining habitat requirements for threat- ened primates is critical to implementing conservation strategies, and plans incorporating metapopulation str- ucture require understanding the potential of available habitats to serve as corridors. We examined how three groups of golden-headed lion tamarins Leontopithecus chrysomelas in Southern Bahia, Brazil, used mature, swamp, secondary and shade cocoa (cabruca) forests. Unlike callitrichids that show affinities for degraded forest, Leontopithecus species are presumed to depend on primary or mature forests for sleeping sites in tree holes and epiphytic bromeliads for animal prey. In this study we quantified resource availability within each habitat, compared the proportion of time spent in each habitat to that based on availability, investigated preferences for sleeping site selection, and determined how golden- headed lion tamarins allocated time to foraging behavi- our in different habitats. Each group preferred to range in certain habitats during the day, yet patterns were not consistent across groups. In contrast, all groups preferred to sleep in mature or cabruca forest. Golden-headed lion tamarins spent a greater proportion of time foraging and eating fruits, flowers and nectar in cabruca than in mature or secondary forests. Although the extent to which secondary and cabruca forests can completely sustain breeding groups is unresolved, we conclude that both habitats would make suitable corridors for the movement of tamarins between forest fragments, and that the large trees remaining in cabruca are important sources of food and sleeping sites. We suggest that management plans for golden-headed lion tamarins should focus on protecting areas that include access to tall forest, either as mature or cabruca, for the long-term conservation of the species.
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Endocrine Monitoring of Wild Dominant and Subordinate Female Leontopithecus rosalia
International Journal of Primatology, 2003Co-Authors: Jeffrey A. French, Karen L. Bales, Andrew J. Baker, James M DietzAbstract:In captive callitrichid primates, female reproductive function tends to vary with social status. However, little is known about the interplay between these factors in wild groups. We report observations on normative ovarian function in dominant and subordinate female golden lion tamarins ( Leontopithecus rosalia ) living in wild groups. We monitored ovarian status by measuring, via enzyme immunoassay, concentrations of excreted pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) and estrone conjugates (E_1C) in fecal samples collected noninvasively from individuals in social groups in the Poço das Antas Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Dominant breeding females demonstrated steroid levels similar to those previously reported for wild cotton-top tamarin females, with statistically significant rises during pregnancy. The duration of elevation of fecal steroids in breeding females was ca. 4 mo, which corresponds with estimates of gestation from captive studies. Low steroid concentrations from December to June suggest a seasonally-related period of infertility in female golden lion tamarins. Dominant and subordinate females demonstrated several differences in endocrine function. In general, younger females living in intact natal family groups showed no evidence of ovarian cyclicity. We noted endocrine profiles consistent with ovulation and subsequent pregnancy for behaviorally subordinate females living in groups with unrelated males or in which a reversal in female dominance status occurred. Results suggest that in addition to changes in female reproductive endocrinology associated with puberty, the regulation of reproduction in females in wild callitrichid groups can be sensitive to status and relatedness to breeding males.
