The Experts below are selected from a list of 3174 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christina Siebe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Desorption of sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin from long-term wastewater-irrigated soils of the Mezquital Valley as affected by water quality
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015Co-Authors: Manuel Carrillo, Christina Siebe, Gianna Carina Braun, Wulf Amelung, Jan SiemensAbstract:Purpose As irrigation with untreated wastewater often leads to an accumulation of contaminants in soils, nowadays, treated wastewater is increasingly used for irrigation. Here, we investigated whether and to which degree irrigation with treated wastewater might cause desorption of antibiotics from three soils (Leptosol, Phaeozem, Vertisol) and a sediment (Endho reservoir) of the Mezquital Valley, Mexico, that were exposed to untreated wastewater in the past.
-
Mycorrhizal inoculum potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils irrigated with wastewater for various lengths of time, as affected by heavy metals and available P
Applied Soil Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: María Del Pilar Ortega-larrocea, Christina Siebe, A. Estrada, Richard WebsterAbstract:Abstract Sewage water is widely used for irrigation in dry countries, but the practice can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and consequent poisoning of the soil's microorganisms. The area irrigated with sewage water in the Mezquital Valley in central Mexico has steadily expanded during the last 100 years, and it provides the opportunity to assess the effects of the practice on the mycorrhiza in particular. We sampled the topsoil of the two main kinds of soil, Vertisol and Leptosol, in fields irrigated for 5, 35, 65 and 95 years in the Valley. We measured the concentrations of zinc, lead, copper and cadmium, all of which appeared to have increased linearly with time. We also determined the abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal morphotypes in the soil both at the time of sampling and after incubation in association with Allium cepa L. in the greenhouse. Spores decreased in abundance with increasing duration of irrigation in the Vertisol, whereas in the Leptosol the numbers after only 5 years of irrigation were small, increased after 35 years of irrigation and decreased again thereafter. In the greenhouse the production of spores and sporocarps was maximal in soil irrigated for between 35 and 65 years, as were the intraradical hyphae, spores and vesicles. Glomus species dominate the morphotypes, and the spores of Glomus mosseae were the most abundant in both soils and after all times. The total root colonization potential seemed unaffected by duration of irrigation, and was substantially greater in the Leptosol than in the Vertisol. However, species of the Glomus genus tend to dominate over other genera as irrigation proceeds, since Glomus species spread not only by spores, but also by roots. We conclude that irrigation with sewage water in the Mezquital Valley is decreasing the mycorrhizas’ diversity in the long term.
-
Impact of a century of wastewater irrigation on the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores in the soil of the Mezquital Valley of Mexico
Applied Soil Ecology, 2001Co-Authors: María Del Pilar Ortega-larrocea, Christina Siebe, G. Bécard, I. Méndez, Richard WebsterAbstract:Phosphorus (P) and heavy metals introduced into soil by irrigating with sewage effluent can affect the soil’s microflora and, in particular, the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We have studied the effect in the Mezquital Valley of Mexico, on two kinds of soil (Leptosol and Vertisol) after both short-term (5 years) and long-term (90 years) irrigation. We did so by replicated sampling of all four combinations of soil type and length of irrigation and then estimating the main effects and interactions by analysis of variance. Both kinds of soil appear to have accumulated large quantities of P and heavy metals as a result of the irrigation so that concentrations have approximately doubled and now approach the thresholds for healthy soil. The differences between soil types were comparatively small. Phosphorus was the only element for which there was an interaction between soil type and time under irrigation. The Leptosol contained more spores than the Vertisol, irrespective of the length of the irrigation, and both types contained significantly fewer spores after 90 years of irrigation than after only 5 years. The effect was more evident in Vertisols. In contrast, the sporocarpic morphotypes seemed unaffected by the accumulated phosphorus and metals. The sporocarps of Glomus mosseae were twice as abundant in the Leptosol as in the Vertisol, but those of Sclerocystis were equally prevalent in the two types of soil.
-
effect of long term irrigation with untreated sewage effluents on soil properties and heavy metal adsorption of Leptosols and vertisols in central mexico
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 1996Co-Authors: Christina Siebe, Walter R. FischerAbstract:The effect of long-term irrigation with untreated sewage effluents from Mexico City on soil properties and heavy metal adsorption behaviour of soils at Irrigation District 03 in the Mezquital Valley, Central Mexico, was studied. General soil parameters of 25 samples from Ap-horizons of Mollic Leptosols and Eutric Vertisols taken at sites which have been under irrigation for different periods of time were compared with samples from fields under rainfed agriculture. The adsorption of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn was analysed in 8 selected samples by batch experiments. The long-term irrigation of soils with untreated sewage effluent has increased the contents of total (TOC) and dissolved (DOC) organic carbon in Ap-horizons of Leptosols and Vertisols, and diminished the contents of manganese oxides in Vertisols. This influences the heavy metal adsorption behaviour of both soils, since DOC enhances metal solubility at low loading rates and TOC improves metal adsorption capacities at high loading rates. The possibility of an increase in the chloride content in soils due to wastewater irrigation and its relation to higher Cd mobility are discussed, as is the importance of humus balance control through oriented management practices in order to minimize heavy metal mobility in soils, which have been under irrigation with wastewater during long periods. Auswirkung langjahriger Abwasserbewasserung auf die Bodeneigenschaften und die Schwermetalladsorption von Leptosols und Vertisols in Zentralmexiko Die Auswirkungen einer langjahrigen Bewasserung mit unbehandelten Abwassern aus Mexiko Stadt auf die Bodeneigenschaften und das Schwermetalladsorptionsverhalten von Boden wurde im Bewasserungsdistrikt 03 im Mezquital-Tal, Zentralmexiko, untersucht. Allgemeine Bodenparameter von 25 Proben aus Ap-Horizonten von Mollic Leptosols und Eutric Vertisols, die unterschiedlich lange mit Abwasser bewassert werden, wurden mit solchen aus Feldern unter Regen-feidbau verglichen. Die Adsorption von Pb, Cd, Cu und Zn wurde an 8 ausgewahlten Proben mittels Schuttelversuchen analysiert. Die langjahrige Abwasserbewasserung hat eine Zunahme der gesamten organischen (TOC) und loslichen (DOC) Kohlenstoffgehalte in den Ap-Horizonten von Leptosols und Vertisols verursacht sowie eine Abnahme der Gehalte an Manganoxiden in Vertisols. Dies hat das Adsorptionsverhalten beider Boden gegenuber Schwermetallen insofern beeinflust, als der DOC-Gehalt die Schwermetallmobilitat bei niedrigen Beladungen erhoht, und der TOC die Sorptionskapazitat der Boden bei hohen Beladungen gefordert hat. Die Moglichkeit einer Cd-Mobilisierung durch hohere Chloridgehalte in den langjahrig mit Abwasser bewasserten Boden wird diskutiert, so wie die Notwendigkeit einer Kontrolle des Humushaushaltes anhand von gezielten Bewirtschaftungsmasnahmen zur Verringerung der Schwermetallmobilitat in langjahrig mit Abwasser bewasserten Boden.
-
Effect of long‐term irrigation with untreated sewage effluents on soil properties and heavy metal adsorption of Leptosols and vertisols in Central Mexico
Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, 1996Co-Authors: Christina Siebe, Walter R. FischerAbstract:The effect of long-term irrigation with untreated sewage effluents from Mexico City on soil properties and heavy metal adsorption behaviour of soils at Irrigation District 03 in the Mezquital Valley, Central Mexico, was studied. General soil parameters of 25 samples from Ap-horizons of Mollic Leptosols and Eutric Vertisols taken at sites which have been under irrigation for different periods of time were compared with samples from fields under rainfed agriculture. The adsorption of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn was analysed in 8 selected samples by batch experiments. The long-term irrigation of soils with untreated sewage effluent has increased the contents of total (TOC) and dissolved (DOC) organic carbon in Ap-horizons of Leptosols and Vertisols, and diminished the contents of manganese oxides in Vertisols. This influences the heavy metal adsorption behaviour of both soils, since DOC enhances metal solubility at low loading rates and TOC improves metal adsorption capacities at high loading rates. The possibility of an increase in the chloride content in soils due to wastewater irrigation and its relation to higher Cd mobility are discussed, as is the importance of humus balance control through oriented management practices in order to minimize heavy metal mobility in soils, which have been under irrigation with wastewater during long periods. Auswirkung langjahriger Abwasserbewasserung auf die Bodeneigenschaften und die Schwermetalladsorption von Leptosols und Vertisols in Zentralmexiko Die Auswirkungen einer langjahrigen Bewasserung mit unbehandelten Abwassern aus Mexiko Stadt auf die Bodeneigenschaften und das Schwermetalladsorptionsverhalten von Boden wurde im Bewasserungsdistrikt 03 im Mezquital-Tal, Zentralmexiko, untersucht. Allgemeine Bodenparameter von 25 Proben aus Ap-Horizonten von Mollic Leptosols und Eutric Vertisols, die unterschiedlich lange mit Abwasser bewassert werden, wurden mit solchen aus Feldern unter Regen-feidbau verglichen. Die Adsorption von Pb, Cd, Cu und Zn wurde an 8 ausgewahlten Proben mittels Schuttelversuchen analysiert. Die langjahrige Abwasserbewasserung hat eine Zunahme der gesamten organischen (TOC) und loslichen (DOC) Kohlenstoffgehalte in den Ap-Horizonten von Leptosols und Vertisols verursacht sowie eine Abnahme der Gehalte an Manganoxiden in Vertisols. Dies hat das Adsorptionsverhalten beider Boden gegenuber Schwermetallen insofern beeinflust, als der DOC-Gehalt die Schwermetallmobilitat bei niedrigen Beladungen erhoht, und der TOC die Sorptionskapazitat der Boden bei hohen Beladungen gefordert hat. Die Moglichkeit einer Cd-Mobilisierung durch hohere Chloridgehalte in den langjahrig mit Abwasser bewasserten Boden wird diskutiert, so wie die Notwendigkeit einer Kontrolle des Humushaushaltes anhand von gezielten Bewirtschaftungsmasnahmen zur Verringerung der Schwermetallmobilitat in langjahrig mit Abwasser bewasserten Boden.
A Navas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Variations of soil profile characteristics due to varying time spans since ice retreat in the inner Nordfjord, western Norway
Solid Earth, 2014Co-Authors: A Navas, Katja Laute, Achim A Beylich, L. GáspárAbstract:Abstract. In the Erdalen and Bodalen drainage basins located in the inner Nordfjord in western Norway the soils were formed after deglaciation. The climate in the uppermost valley areas is sub-arctic oceanic, and the lithology consists of Precambrian granitic orthogneisses on which Leptosols and Regosols are the most common soils. The Little Ice Age glacier advance affected parts of the valleys with the maximum glacier extent around AD 1750. In this study five sites on moraine and colluvium materials were selected to examine main soil properties, grain size distribution, soil organic carbon and pH to assess if soil profile characteristics and patterns of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) and environmental radionuclides (ERNs) are affected by different stages of ice retreat. The Leptosols on the moraines are shallow, poorly developed and vegetated with moss and small birches. The two selected profiles show different radionuclide activities and grain size distribution. The sampled soils on the colluviums outside the LIA glacier limit became ice-free during the Preboral. The Regosols present better-developed profiles, thicker organic horizons and are fully covered by grasses. Activity of 137Cs and 210Pbex concentrate at the topsoil and decrease sharply with depth. The grain size distribution of these soils also reflects the difference in geomorphic processes that have affected the colluvium sites. Significantly lower mass activities of FRNs were found in soils on the moraines than on colluviums. Variations of ERN activities in the valleys were related to characteristics of soil mineralogical composition. These results indicate differences in soil development that are consistent with the age of ice retreat. In addition, the pattern distribution of 137Cs and 210Pbex activities differs in the soils related to the LIA glacier limits in the drainage basins.
-
Variations of soil profile characteristics due to varying time spans since ice retreat in the inner Nordfjord, western Norway
Solid Earth Discussions, 2014Co-Authors: A Navas, Katja Laute, Achim A Beylich, L. GáspárAbstract:Abstract. In the Erdalen and Bødalen drainage basins located in the inner Nordfjord in western Norway the soils have been formed after deglaciation. The climate in the uppermost valley areas is sub-arctic oceanic and the lithology consists of Precambrian granitic orthogneisses on which Leptosols and Regosols are the most common soils. The Little Ice Age glacier advance affected parts of the valleys with the maximum glacier extent around AD 1750. In this study five sites on moraine and colluvium materials were selected to examine the main soil properties to assess if soil profile characteristics and pattern of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) and environmental radionuclides (ERNs) are affected by different stages of ice retreat. The Leptosols on the moraines are shallow, poorly developed and vegetated with moss and small birches. The two selected profiles show different radionuclide activities and grain size distribution. The sampled soils on the colluviums outside the LIA glacier limit became ice-free during the Preboral. The Regosols present better-developed profiles, thicker organic horizons and are fully covered by grasses. Activity of 137Cs and 210Pbex concentrate at the topsoil and decrease sharply with depth. The grain size distribution of these soils also reflects the difference in geomorphic processes that have affected the colluvium sites. Significant lower mass activities of FRNs are found in soils on the moraines than on colluviums. Variations of ERNs activities in the valleys are related to characteristics soil mineralogical composition. These results indicate differences in soil development that are consistent with the age of ice retreat. In addition, the pattern distribution of 137Cs and 210Pbex activities differs in the soils related to the LIA glacier limits in the drainage basins.
-
Variations of soil profile characteristics due to varying time spans since ice retreat in the inner Nordfjord, western Norway
Solid Earth Discussions, 2014Co-Authors: A Navas, Katja Laute, Achim A Beylich, L. GáspárAbstract:Abstract. In the Erdalen and Bødalen drainage basins located in the inner Nordfjord in western Norway the soils have been formed after deglaciation. The climate in the uppermost valley areas is sub-arctic oceanic and the lithology consists of Precambrian granitic orthogneisses on which Leptosols and Regosols are the most common soils. The Little Ice Age glacier advance affected parts of the valleys with the maximum glacier extent around AD 1750. In this study five sites on moraine and colluvium materials were selected to examine the main soil properties to assess if soil profile characteristics and pattern of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) and environmental radionuclides (ERNs) are affected by different stages of ice retreat. The Leptosols on the moraines are shallow, poorly developed and vegetated with moss and small birches. The two selected profiles show different radionuclide activities and grain size distribution. The sampled soils on the colluviums outside the LIA glacier limit became ice-free during the Preboral. The Regosols present better-developed profiles, thicker organic horizons and are fully covered by grasses. Activity of 137Cs and 210Pbex concentrate at the topsoil and decrease sharply with depth. The grain size distribution of these soils also reflects the difference in geomorphic processes that have affected the colluvium sites. Significant lower mass activities of FRNs are found in soils on the moraines than on colluviums. Variations of ERNs activities in the valleys are related to characteristics soil mineralogical composition. These results indicate differences in soil development that are consistent with the age of ice retreat. In addition, the pattern distribution of 137Cs and 210Pbex activities differs in the soils related to the LIA glacier limits in the drainage basins.
-
Spatial analysis of gypsiferous soils in the Zaragoza province (Spain), using GIS as an aid to conservation
Geoderma, 1998Co-Authors: J Machı́n, A NavasAbstract:Within the Ebro valley, the Zaragoza province contains the largest area of gypsiferous soils in Spain. Previous mapping of the gypsum outcrops has been the starting point for this study of the soils developed on them. In this paper, gypsiferous soils are differentiated according to geological age, lithological facies and other depositional features. The most abundant gypsiferous soils correspond to Tertiary outcrops, where a typical catena includes Leptosols on the Crest of the hillslopes, Regosols on the talus and Gypsisols on the valley bottom. Gypsiferous soils, developed on the Triassic Keuper facies and Quaternary materials, occupy a relatively small area. The gypsiferous soils have been mapped at a scale of 1:200 000. A CAD software package has been used for digitizing the soil units. A digital elevation model of the Zaragoza province has been created from the digitized topography. The geographical information system, IDRISI, has been used to integrate all the Spatial information generated and to produce maps of the soil types classified according to slope and precipitation. In the Zaragoza province, the gypsiferous soils (Lithic and Eutric Leptosols, Petric, Calcic and Haplic Gypsisols, Gypsic Regosols, Gypsic Solonchaks) occupy a total area of 229619 ha (13% of the area of the province). 25% of the gypsiferous soils occur within the semiarid area (annual rainfall < 400 mm) indicating that climate is the main limiting factor for soil conservation, because of the fragility of gypsiferous soils, special care must be taken with land use operations on the 18 137 ha with slopes above 10°. The knowledge of the distribution of gypsiferous soils in relation to topographic and climatic factors provides an important basis for soil conservation and management.Peer Reviewe
Marie-pierre Turpault - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Local soil type variability controls the water budget and stand productivity in a beech forest
Forest Ecology and Management, 2017Co-Authors: Gil Kirchen, Christophe Calvaruso, André Granier, Paul-olivier Redon, Grégory Van Der Heijden, Nathalie Breda, Marie-pierre TurpaultAbstract:Climate change and particularly increasing frequency of drought events during the vegetation period may threaten tree vitality and forest biomass productivity in many temperate regions in the future. In that context, the identification of critical environmental factors and a better understanding of their impact on forests are decisive. The water balance is recognized as one of the most important soil factors for stand productivity in temperate forests. Hence, the consequences of short or long term climate change might vary considerably spatially in function of soil type within a given forest. Our study objective was to assess the impact of contrasting soil types on the water balance and stand growth of a beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest ecosystem of similar age and management during four climatically contrasting years. The experimental forest site of Montiers presents different soils with contrasting physicochemical properties (Dystric Cambisol, Eutric Cambisol and Rendzic Leptosol) monitored to quantify water fluxes and stand biomass increment. Using data collected over the period 2012-2015, including a particularly dry year (-24% precipitations in 2015), we also quantified the impact of water shortage on stand productivity at the annual scale as a function of soil type. We evidenced important differences in soil water holding capacities (SWHC) along the studied soil sequence, ranging between 57 mm for the Rendzic Leptosol downhill over limestone and 205 mm for the Dystric Cambisol uphill over detrital sediments. The results show that the canopy intercepted the same amount of incident rainfall in the three plots and that there were no significant differences in annual soil moisture dynamics among the studied soils. We evidenced different rooting patterns depending on soil type. Under a same climate and with stand, site exposition and solar radiation equivalency, trees transpiration was the evident primary driver of the stand potential to produce aboveground biomass. Soil water holding capacity, annual trees transpiration and aboveground biomass production increased in that order: Rendzic Leptosol < Eutric Cambisol < Dystric Cambisol. During the drier year 2015, the decrease in aboveground biomass productivity was of similar amplitude on the three soil types.
-
Local soil type variability controls the water budget and stand productivity in a beech forest
Forest Ecology and Management, 2017Co-Authors: Gil Kirchen, Christophe Calvaruso, André Granier, Paul-olivier Redon, Grégory Van Der Heijden, Nathalie Breda, Marie-pierre TurpaultAbstract:Abstract Climate change and particularly increasing frequency of drought events during the vegetation period may threaten tree vitality and forest biomass productivity in many temperate regions in the future. In that context, the identification of critical environmental factors and a better understanding of their impact on forests are decisive. The water balance is recognized as one of the most important soil factors for stand productivity in temperate forests. Hence, the consequences of short or long term climate change might vary considerably spatially in function of soil type within a given forest. Our study objective was to assess the impact of contrasting soil types on the water balance and stand growth of a beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest ecosystem of similar age and management during four climatically contrasting years. The experimental forest site of Montiers presents different soils with contrasting physicochemical properties (Dystric Cambisol, Eutric Cambisol and Rendzic Leptosol) monitored to quantify water fluxes and stand biomass increment. Using data collected over the period 2012–2015, including a particularly dry year (−24% precipitations in 2015), we also quantified the impact of water shortage on stand productivity at the annual scale as a function of soil type. We evidenced important differences in soil water holding capacities (SWHC) along the studied soil sequence, ranging between 57 mm for the Rendzic Leptosol downhill over limestone and 205 mm for the Dystric Cambisol uphill over detrital sediments. The results show that the canopy intercepted the same amount of incident rainfall in the three plots and that there were no significant differences in annual soil moisture dynamics among the studied soils. We evidenced different rooting patterns depending on soil type. Under a same climate and with stand, site exposition and solar radiation equivalency, trees transpiration was the evident primary driver of the stand potential to produce aboveground biomass. Soil water holding capacity, annual trees transpiration and aboveground biomass production increased in that order: Rendzic Leptosol
Richard Webster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Mycorrhizal inoculum potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils irrigated with wastewater for various lengths of time, as affected by heavy metals and available P
Applied Soil Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: María Del Pilar Ortega-larrocea, Christina Siebe, A. Estrada, Richard WebsterAbstract:Abstract Sewage water is widely used for irrigation in dry countries, but the practice can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and consequent poisoning of the soil's microorganisms. The area irrigated with sewage water in the Mezquital Valley in central Mexico has steadily expanded during the last 100 years, and it provides the opportunity to assess the effects of the practice on the mycorrhiza in particular. We sampled the topsoil of the two main kinds of soil, Vertisol and Leptosol, in fields irrigated for 5, 35, 65 and 95 years in the Valley. We measured the concentrations of zinc, lead, copper and cadmium, all of which appeared to have increased linearly with time. We also determined the abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal morphotypes in the soil both at the time of sampling and after incubation in association with Allium cepa L. in the greenhouse. Spores decreased in abundance with increasing duration of irrigation in the Vertisol, whereas in the Leptosol the numbers after only 5 years of irrigation were small, increased after 35 years of irrigation and decreased again thereafter. In the greenhouse the production of spores and sporocarps was maximal in soil irrigated for between 35 and 65 years, as were the intraradical hyphae, spores and vesicles. Glomus species dominate the morphotypes, and the spores of Glomus mosseae were the most abundant in both soils and after all times. The total root colonization potential seemed unaffected by duration of irrigation, and was substantially greater in the Leptosol than in the Vertisol. However, species of the Glomus genus tend to dominate over other genera as irrigation proceeds, since Glomus species spread not only by spores, but also by roots. We conclude that irrigation with sewage water in the Mezquital Valley is decreasing the mycorrhizas’ diversity in the long term.
-
Impact of a century of wastewater irrigation on the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores in the soil of the Mezquital Valley of Mexico
Applied Soil Ecology, 2001Co-Authors: María Del Pilar Ortega-larrocea, Christina Siebe, G. Bécard, I. Méndez, Richard WebsterAbstract:Phosphorus (P) and heavy metals introduced into soil by irrigating with sewage effluent can affect the soil’s microflora and, in particular, the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We have studied the effect in the Mezquital Valley of Mexico, on two kinds of soil (Leptosol and Vertisol) after both short-term (5 years) and long-term (90 years) irrigation. We did so by replicated sampling of all four combinations of soil type and length of irrigation and then estimating the main effects and interactions by analysis of variance. Both kinds of soil appear to have accumulated large quantities of P and heavy metals as a result of the irrigation so that concentrations have approximately doubled and now approach the thresholds for healthy soil. The differences between soil types were comparatively small. Phosphorus was the only element for which there was an interaction between soil type and time under irrigation. The Leptosol contained more spores than the Vertisol, irrespective of the length of the irrigation, and both types contained significantly fewer spores after 90 years of irrigation than after only 5 years. The effect was more evident in Vertisols. In contrast, the sporocarpic morphotypes seemed unaffected by the accumulated phosphorus and metals. The sporocarps of Glomus mosseae were twice as abundant in the Leptosol as in the Vertisol, but those of Sclerocystis were equally prevalent in the two types of soil.
L. Gáspár - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Variations of soil profile characteristics due to varying time spans since ice retreat in the inner Nordfjord, western Norway
Solid Earth, 2014Co-Authors: A Navas, Katja Laute, Achim A Beylich, L. GáspárAbstract:Abstract. In the Erdalen and Bodalen drainage basins located in the inner Nordfjord in western Norway the soils were formed after deglaciation. The climate in the uppermost valley areas is sub-arctic oceanic, and the lithology consists of Precambrian granitic orthogneisses on which Leptosols and Regosols are the most common soils. The Little Ice Age glacier advance affected parts of the valleys with the maximum glacier extent around AD 1750. In this study five sites on moraine and colluvium materials were selected to examine main soil properties, grain size distribution, soil organic carbon and pH to assess if soil profile characteristics and patterns of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) and environmental radionuclides (ERNs) are affected by different stages of ice retreat. The Leptosols on the moraines are shallow, poorly developed and vegetated with moss and small birches. The two selected profiles show different radionuclide activities and grain size distribution. The sampled soils on the colluviums outside the LIA glacier limit became ice-free during the Preboral. The Regosols present better-developed profiles, thicker organic horizons and are fully covered by grasses. Activity of 137Cs and 210Pbex concentrate at the topsoil and decrease sharply with depth. The grain size distribution of these soils also reflects the difference in geomorphic processes that have affected the colluvium sites. Significantly lower mass activities of FRNs were found in soils on the moraines than on colluviums. Variations of ERN activities in the valleys were related to characteristics of soil mineralogical composition. These results indicate differences in soil development that are consistent with the age of ice retreat. In addition, the pattern distribution of 137Cs and 210Pbex activities differs in the soils related to the LIA glacier limits in the drainage basins.
-
Variations of soil profile characteristics due to varying time spans since ice retreat in the inner Nordfjord, western Norway
Solid Earth Discussions, 2014Co-Authors: A Navas, Katja Laute, Achim A Beylich, L. GáspárAbstract:Abstract. In the Erdalen and Bødalen drainage basins located in the inner Nordfjord in western Norway the soils have been formed after deglaciation. The climate in the uppermost valley areas is sub-arctic oceanic and the lithology consists of Precambrian granitic orthogneisses on which Leptosols and Regosols are the most common soils. The Little Ice Age glacier advance affected parts of the valleys with the maximum glacier extent around AD 1750. In this study five sites on moraine and colluvium materials were selected to examine the main soil properties to assess if soil profile characteristics and pattern of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) and environmental radionuclides (ERNs) are affected by different stages of ice retreat. The Leptosols on the moraines are shallow, poorly developed and vegetated with moss and small birches. The two selected profiles show different radionuclide activities and grain size distribution. The sampled soils on the colluviums outside the LIA glacier limit became ice-free during the Preboral. The Regosols present better-developed profiles, thicker organic horizons and are fully covered by grasses. Activity of 137Cs and 210Pbex concentrate at the topsoil and decrease sharply with depth. The grain size distribution of these soils also reflects the difference in geomorphic processes that have affected the colluvium sites. Significant lower mass activities of FRNs are found in soils on the moraines than on colluviums. Variations of ERNs activities in the valleys are related to characteristics soil mineralogical composition. These results indicate differences in soil development that are consistent with the age of ice retreat. In addition, the pattern distribution of 137Cs and 210Pbex activities differs in the soils related to the LIA glacier limits in the drainage basins.
-
Variations of soil profile characteristics due to varying time spans since ice retreat in the inner Nordfjord, western Norway
Solid Earth Discussions, 2014Co-Authors: A Navas, Katja Laute, Achim A Beylich, L. GáspárAbstract:Abstract. In the Erdalen and Bødalen drainage basins located in the inner Nordfjord in western Norway the soils have been formed after deglaciation. The climate in the uppermost valley areas is sub-arctic oceanic and the lithology consists of Precambrian granitic orthogneisses on which Leptosols and Regosols are the most common soils. The Little Ice Age glacier advance affected parts of the valleys with the maximum glacier extent around AD 1750. In this study five sites on moraine and colluvium materials were selected to examine the main soil properties to assess if soil profile characteristics and pattern of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) and environmental radionuclides (ERNs) are affected by different stages of ice retreat. The Leptosols on the moraines are shallow, poorly developed and vegetated with moss and small birches. The two selected profiles show different radionuclide activities and grain size distribution. The sampled soils on the colluviums outside the LIA glacier limit became ice-free during the Preboral. The Regosols present better-developed profiles, thicker organic horizons and are fully covered by grasses. Activity of 137Cs and 210Pbex concentrate at the topsoil and decrease sharply with depth. The grain size distribution of these soils also reflects the difference in geomorphic processes that have affected the colluvium sites. Significant lower mass activities of FRNs are found in soils on the moraines than on colluviums. Variations of ERNs activities in the valleys are related to characteristics soil mineralogical composition. These results indicate differences in soil development that are consistent with the age of ice retreat. In addition, the pattern distribution of 137Cs and 210Pbex activities differs in the soils related to the LIA glacier limits in the drainage basins.