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Michel Bourin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The mouse Light/Dark box Test.
European journal of pharmacology, 2003Co-Authors: Michel Bourin, Martine HascoëtAbstract:The Light/Dark Test is based on the innate aversion of rodents to brightly illuminated areas and on the spontaneous exploratory behaviour of rodents in response to mild stressors, that is, novel environment and Light. The Test apparatus consists of a small Dark safe compartment (one third) and a large illuminated aversive compartment (two thirds). The Test was developed with male mice. The strain, weight and age may be crucial factors. The extent to which an anxiolytic compound can facilitate exploratory activity depends on the baseline level in the control group. Differences between the type and severity of external stressors might account for the variable results reported by different laboratories. The Light/Dark Test may be useful to predict anxiolytic-like or anxiogenic-like activity in mice. Transitions have been reported to be an index of activity-exploration because of habituation over time, and the time spent in each compartment to be a reflection of aversion. Classic anxiolytics (benzodiazepines) as well as the newer anxiolytic-like compounds (e.g. serotonergic drugs or drugs acting on neuropeptide receptors) can be detected using this paradigm. It has the advantages of being quick and easy to use, without requiring the prior training of animals.
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the mouse Light Dark box Test
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2003Co-Authors: Michel Bourin, Martine HascoëtAbstract:The Light/Dark Test is based on the innate aversion of rodents to brightly illuminated areas and on the spontaneous exploratory behaviour of rodents in response to mild stressors, that is, novel environment and Light. The Test apparatus consists of a small Dark safe compartment (one third) and a large illuminated aversive compartment (two thirds). The Test was developed with male mice. The strain, weight and age may be crucial factors. The extent to which an anxiolytic compound can facilitate exploratory activity depends on the baseline level in the control group. Differences between the type and severity of external stressors might account for the variable results reported by different laboratories. The Light/Dark Test may be useful to predict anxiolytic-like or anxiogenic-like activity in mice. Transitions have been reported to be an index of activity-exploration because of habituation over time, and the time spent in each compartment to be a reflection of aversion. Classic anxiolytics (benzodiazepines) as well as the newer anxiolytic-like compounds (e.g. serotonergic drugs or drugs acting on neuropeptide receptors) can be detected using this paradigm. It has the advantages of being quick and easy to use, without requiring the prior training of animals.
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Relationship between cerebral pharmacokinetics and anxiolytic activity of diazepam and its active metabolites after a single intra-peritoneal administration of diazepam in mice
Human psychopharmacology, 2002Co-Authors: E. Dailly, Martine Hascoët, M.c. Colombel, P. Jolliet, Michel BourinAbstract:The relationship between the cerebral pharmacokinetics of diazepam and its active metabolites (desmethyldiazepam, oxazepam) and the anxiolytic effect evaluated by the four-plates Test and the Light/Dark Test were investigated after a single intra-peritoneal injection of diazepam (1 mg/kg or 1.5 mg/kg). For up to 30 min after administration, the sedative effect interfered with the anxiolytic effect, thus the results of the anxiolytic effect were not interpretable. From 30 min to 60 min after administration, this interference disappeared, the cerebral level of benzodiazepines was stable (the brain elimination of diazepam was compensated for by the appearance of desmethyldiazepam followed by oxazepam) but the anxiolytic effect decreased dramatically in all the Tests with diazepam 1 mg/kg or 1.5 mg/kg. The acute tolerance to benzodiazepines and the difference of affinity for subtypes of GABA(A) receptors between diazepam, desmethyldiazepam, oxazepam could explain this result.
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the influence of buspirone and its metabolite 1 pp on the activity of paroxetine in the mouse Light Dark paradigm and four plates Test
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2000Co-Authors: Martine Hascoët, Michel Bourin, Bríd Áine Nic DhonnchadhaAbstract:Abstract Although numerous animal procedures have been employed in the study of antidepressants (ADs) in anxiety, the results following acute administration remain highly variable. The present study investigated the effect of the SSRI paroxetine (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg, IP) in two Tests of anxiety in mice: the Light/Dark Test paradigm, and the four plates Test (FPT). In both Tests, it was found that paroxetine resulted in an anxiolytic-like effect at doses that did not modify motor performance (at the doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg in the Light/Dark Test and at the doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg in the four plates Test). In the Light/Dark paradigm, both doses of buspirone significantly potentiated paroxetine, while in the four plates only one dose of buspirone (a 5HT 1A partial agonist) (0.06 mg/kg) increased the anxiolytic-like effect of paroxetine. Prior administration of 1-PP was without effect in the Light/Dark paradigm but antagonized the effect of paroxetine (at the dose of 0.06 and 0.5 mg/kg) in the FPT. The results suggested that a balance between pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT 1A receptor was implicated in the anxiolytic-like effect of paroxetine. Buspirone seemed to emphasize the role of paroxetine in 5-HT 1A receptor modulation and exerted a biphasic influence in the two Tests.
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The influence of buspirone, and its metabolite 1-PP, on the activity of paroxetine in the mouse Light/Dark paradigm and four plates Test
Pharmacology biochemistry and behavior, 2000Co-Authors: Martine Hascoët, Michel Bourin, Bríd Áine Nic DhonnchadhaAbstract:Abstract Although numerous animal procedures have been employed in the study of antidepressants (ADs) in anxiety, the results following acute administration remain highly variable. The present study investigated the effect of the SSRI paroxetine (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg, IP) in two Tests of anxiety in mice: the Light/Dark Test paradigm, and the four plates Test (FPT). In both Tests, it was found that paroxetine resulted in an anxiolytic-like effect at doses that did not modify motor performance (at the doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg in the Light/Dark Test and at the doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg in the four plates Test). In the Light/Dark paradigm, both doses of buspirone significantly potentiated paroxetine, while in the four plates only one dose of buspirone (a 5HT 1A partial agonist) (0.06 mg/kg) increased the anxiolytic-like effect of paroxetine. Prior administration of 1-PP was without effect in the Light/Dark paradigm but antagonized the effect of paroxetine (at the dose of 0.06 and 0.5 mg/kg) in the FPT. The results suggested that a balance between pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT 1A receptor was implicated in the anxiolytic-like effect of paroxetine. Buspirone seemed to emphasize the role of paroxetine in 5-HT 1A receptor modulation and exerted a biphasic influence in the two Tests.
Martine Hascoët - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The mouse Light/Dark box Test.
European journal of pharmacology, 2003Co-Authors: Michel Bourin, Martine HascoëtAbstract:The Light/Dark Test is based on the innate aversion of rodents to brightly illuminated areas and on the spontaneous exploratory behaviour of rodents in response to mild stressors, that is, novel environment and Light. The Test apparatus consists of a small Dark safe compartment (one third) and a large illuminated aversive compartment (two thirds). The Test was developed with male mice. The strain, weight and age may be crucial factors. The extent to which an anxiolytic compound can facilitate exploratory activity depends on the baseline level in the control group. Differences between the type and severity of external stressors might account for the variable results reported by different laboratories. The Light/Dark Test may be useful to predict anxiolytic-like or anxiogenic-like activity in mice. Transitions have been reported to be an index of activity-exploration because of habituation over time, and the time spent in each compartment to be a reflection of aversion. Classic anxiolytics (benzodiazepines) as well as the newer anxiolytic-like compounds (e.g. serotonergic drugs or drugs acting on neuropeptide receptors) can be detected using this paradigm. It has the advantages of being quick and easy to use, without requiring the prior training of animals.
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the mouse Light Dark box Test
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2003Co-Authors: Michel Bourin, Martine HascoëtAbstract:The Light/Dark Test is based on the innate aversion of rodents to brightly illuminated areas and on the spontaneous exploratory behaviour of rodents in response to mild stressors, that is, novel environment and Light. The Test apparatus consists of a small Dark safe compartment (one third) and a large illuminated aversive compartment (two thirds). The Test was developed with male mice. The strain, weight and age may be crucial factors. The extent to which an anxiolytic compound can facilitate exploratory activity depends on the baseline level in the control group. Differences between the type and severity of external stressors might account for the variable results reported by different laboratories. The Light/Dark Test may be useful to predict anxiolytic-like or anxiogenic-like activity in mice. Transitions have been reported to be an index of activity-exploration because of habituation over time, and the time spent in each compartment to be a reflection of aversion. Classic anxiolytics (benzodiazepines) as well as the newer anxiolytic-like compounds (e.g. serotonergic drugs or drugs acting on neuropeptide receptors) can be detected using this paradigm. It has the advantages of being quick and easy to use, without requiring the prior training of animals.
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Relationship between cerebral pharmacokinetics and anxiolytic activity of diazepam and its active metabolites after a single intra-peritoneal administration of diazepam in mice
Human psychopharmacology, 2002Co-Authors: E. Dailly, Martine Hascoët, M.c. Colombel, P. Jolliet, Michel BourinAbstract:The relationship between the cerebral pharmacokinetics of diazepam and its active metabolites (desmethyldiazepam, oxazepam) and the anxiolytic effect evaluated by the four-plates Test and the Light/Dark Test were investigated after a single intra-peritoneal injection of diazepam (1 mg/kg or 1.5 mg/kg). For up to 30 min after administration, the sedative effect interfered with the anxiolytic effect, thus the results of the anxiolytic effect were not interpretable. From 30 min to 60 min after administration, this interference disappeared, the cerebral level of benzodiazepines was stable (the brain elimination of diazepam was compensated for by the appearance of desmethyldiazepam followed by oxazepam) but the anxiolytic effect decreased dramatically in all the Tests with diazepam 1 mg/kg or 1.5 mg/kg. The acute tolerance to benzodiazepines and the difference of affinity for subtypes of GABA(A) receptors between diazepam, desmethyldiazepam, oxazepam could explain this result.
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the influence of buspirone and its metabolite 1 pp on the activity of paroxetine in the mouse Light Dark paradigm and four plates Test
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2000Co-Authors: Martine Hascoët, Michel Bourin, Bríd Áine Nic DhonnchadhaAbstract:Abstract Although numerous animal procedures have been employed in the study of antidepressants (ADs) in anxiety, the results following acute administration remain highly variable. The present study investigated the effect of the SSRI paroxetine (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg, IP) in two Tests of anxiety in mice: the Light/Dark Test paradigm, and the four plates Test (FPT). In both Tests, it was found that paroxetine resulted in an anxiolytic-like effect at doses that did not modify motor performance (at the doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg in the Light/Dark Test and at the doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg in the four plates Test). In the Light/Dark paradigm, both doses of buspirone significantly potentiated paroxetine, while in the four plates only one dose of buspirone (a 5HT 1A partial agonist) (0.06 mg/kg) increased the anxiolytic-like effect of paroxetine. Prior administration of 1-PP was without effect in the Light/Dark paradigm but antagonized the effect of paroxetine (at the dose of 0.06 and 0.5 mg/kg) in the FPT. The results suggested that a balance between pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT 1A receptor was implicated in the anxiolytic-like effect of paroxetine. Buspirone seemed to emphasize the role of paroxetine in 5-HT 1A receptor modulation and exerted a biphasic influence in the two Tests.
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The influence of buspirone, and its metabolite 1-PP, on the activity of paroxetine in the mouse Light/Dark paradigm and four plates Test
Pharmacology biochemistry and behavior, 2000Co-Authors: Martine Hascoët, Michel Bourin, Bríd Áine Nic DhonnchadhaAbstract:Abstract Although numerous animal procedures have been employed in the study of antidepressants (ADs) in anxiety, the results following acute administration remain highly variable. The present study investigated the effect of the SSRI paroxetine (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg, IP) in two Tests of anxiety in mice: the Light/Dark Test paradigm, and the four plates Test (FPT). In both Tests, it was found that paroxetine resulted in an anxiolytic-like effect at doses that did not modify motor performance (at the doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg in the Light/Dark Test and at the doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg in the four plates Test). In the Light/Dark paradigm, both doses of buspirone significantly potentiated paroxetine, while in the four plates only one dose of buspirone (a 5HT 1A partial agonist) (0.06 mg/kg) increased the anxiolytic-like effect of paroxetine. Prior administration of 1-PP was without effect in the Light/Dark paradigm but antagonized the effect of paroxetine (at the dose of 0.06 and 0.5 mg/kg) in the FPT. The results suggested that a balance between pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT 1A receptor was implicated in the anxiolytic-like effect of paroxetine. Buspirone seemed to emphasize the role of paroxetine in 5-HT 1A receptor modulation and exerted a biphasic influence in the two Tests.
M Imaizumi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A trial to detect behavioral changes by swimming stress.
Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 1998Co-Authors: M Imaizumi, Miyazaki S, T. Fushiki, K.-m. Kim, K OnoderaAbstract:We investigated behavioral changes in mice in a Light/Dark Test after forced swimming stress in a streaming pool. Locomotion and rearing behavior in mice in a Light/Dark Test was suppressed immediately after the swimming and gradually regained. Shuttle crossing between Light and Dark zones was also suppressed but time spent in a Light zone was not. The suppression of locomotor activity by the swimming was not observed 20 min after it. Naloxone (10 mg/kg, i.p.) suppressed recovery of locomotor activity after the swimming while it did not affect a Light/Dark Test in nonswimming mice. These results suggest that this model is useful for the study of behavioral and psychological changes after exercise, and that opioidergic systems may be involved in regaining spontaneous locomotor activity.
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effects of theophylline in p chlorophenylalanine treated mice in a Light Dark Test
Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 1996Co-Authors: M Imaizumi, S Miyazaki, K OnoderaAbstract:The effects of theophylline were examined in a Light/Dark Test in p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-treated mice to investigate serotonergic contribution to its effects. Three consecutive treatments with PCPA (200 mg/kg once daily) barely affected parameters in the Light/ Dark Test. In vehicle- and PCPA-treated mice, theophylline (100 mg/kg) significantly decreased time spent in the Light zone, which suggested its anxiogenic-like activity. In PCPA-treated mice, theophylline (50 mg/kg) also tended to decrease the time spent in the Light zone. The effects of theophylline on the contents of monoamines and their metabolites in the brains of vehicle- and PCPA-treated mice were also investigated. Treatment with PCPA significantly decreased the contents of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite, as well as the contents of the metabolites of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA). Theophylline increased the metabolites of 5-HT, NA and DA in the brains of vehicle-treated mice. The increases produced by theophylline in the metabolites of NA and 5-HT were extinguished in PCPA-treated mice. Behavioral and biochemical data in the present study demonstrate that theophylline-induced anxiogenic-like activity was not mediated by serotonergic neuronal systems and that NAergic neuronal systems also might not contribute to the activity.
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effects of betahistine a histamine h1 agonist and h3 antagonist in a Light Dark Test in mice
Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 1996Co-Authors: M Imaizumi, S Miyazaki, K OnoderaAbstract:The effects of betahistine, a histamine H 1 agonist and H 3 antagonist, were investigated in a Light/Dark Test measuring anxiety in mice. Betahistine significantly decreased the locomotion and rearing in the Light and Dark zones, shuttle crossing and time spent in the Light zone in the Light/Dark Test. These phenomena suggest that betahistine has anxiogenic effects and/or locomotor suppressive effects. Pyrilamine (6 mg/kg) and ketotifen (6 mg/kg), H 1 -receptor antagonists, antagonized the effects of betahistine (100 mg/kg) on all parameters in the Light/Dark Test but zolantidine (6 mg/kg), an H 2 -receptor antagonist, augmented its effects on some parameters decreased by betahistine. Especially, it potentiated the decreases by betahistine in the parameters showing anxiety in this Test. The decreases in the Light/Dark Test induced by zolantidine (6 m g/kg) plus betahistine (200 mg/kg) were antagonized by pyrilamine (12 mg/kg) but antagonism of the decrease in the time spent in the Light zone as a parameter showing anxiety was not significant. These results suggest that the effects via H 1 receptors are involved in anxiety in the Light/Dark Test in mice but the other factor may be simultaneously needed for induction of behaviorally detectable anxiogenic effects in this Test.
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effects of a non xanthine adenosine antagonist cgs 15943 and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor ro 20 1724 in a Light Dark Test in mice
Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 1994Co-Authors: M Imaizumi, S Miyazaki, K OnoderaAbstract:We investigated the effects of a non-xanthine adenosine receptor antogonist, CGS 15943, and a non-xanthine phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Ro 20-1724, in a Light/Dark Test in mice. CGS 15943 at a dose of 50 mg/kg had no significant effects on any parameter, althoug at 10 mg/kg it significantly antagonized decreases in locomotion and rearing behavior induced by treatment with A 1 and A 2 selective agonists, N 6 -cyclopentyladenosine and CGS 21680 respectively. On the other hand, Ro 20-1724 decreased locomotion and rearing behavior in the Light and Dark zones, number of shuttle crosses between both zones, and the time spent in the Light zone dose-dependently at doses ranging from 1-10 mg/kg. In conclusion, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor decreased all parameters in the Light/Dark Test, while the adenosine antoganist showed no effect
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effects of xanthine derivatives in a Light Dark Test in mice and the contribution of adenosine receptors
Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 1994Co-Authors: M Imaizumi, S Miyazaki, K OnoderaAbstract:We investigated the effects of adenosine receptor antagonists, caffeine, theophylline, 8-phenyltheophylline, and 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), in a Light/Dark Test in mice. All antagonists decreased the time spent in the Light zone in this Test, which suggested that these compounds have anxiogenic effects. The anxiogenic effects of theophylline were reduced by pretreatment with CGS 21680, and A 2 -selective agonist, but not by N 6 -cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), an A 1 -selective agonist. However, the antogonism of the theophylline-induced anxiogenic effects by CGS21680 was only observed in the time spent in the Light zone, and DPCPX-induced anxiogenic effects were neither reversed by CGS 21680 nor by CPA. Finally, it is notable that xanthine-derived adenosine antagonists Tested here commonly showed anxiogenic effects in the Light/Dark Test in mice. It is suggested that there is a minor contribution of adenosine receptors to these effects, although theophylline-induced anxiogenic effects were antagonized by an A 2 receptor agonist
Gojko Buljat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Anxiolytic effect of BPC-157, a gastric pentadecapeptide: shock probe/burying Test and Light/Dark Test.
Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2001Co-Authors: P Sikiric, Nikola Jelovac, Jelovac-gjeldum A, Goran Dodig, Mario Staresinic, Tomislav Anic, Ivan Zoricic, Ferovic D, Gorana Aralica, Gojko BuljatAbstract:Aim: To study anxiolytic effect of a gastric pentadecapeptide, BPC-157. Methods: In shock probe/burying Test, pentadecapeptide BPC-157 (10 microg/kg, 10 ng/kg, ip), diazepam (0.075, 0.0375 mg/kg, ip), and an equivolume of saline (5 mL/kg, ip) were given at 30 min prior Test. In Light/Dark Test, the same dosage of diazepam, BPC-157, and saline were given at 45 min prior procedure. Results: Shock probe/burying Test: rats treated with either diazepam or pentadecapeptide BPC-157 were much less afraid after the shock: almost not burying and the total time spent in burying was clearly less than in controls. However, while in the diazepam treated rats the number of shocks received increased over control values, in pentadecapeptide BPC-157 treated groups the number of shocks remained not modified compared with the control values. Light/Dark Test: after exposure to the intense Light, diazepam treated mice had longer latencies of crossing to the Dark compartment, a greater number of crossing and a greater number of exploratory rearing, and spent longer time in the Light compartment, as compared to the control mice, while BPC-157 mice had a similar behavior to that of the control mice. In contrast with the effect in Light area, in Dark zone diazepam produced no change with respect to controls, while BPC-157 (10 microg/kg) mice had a greater number of crossing and a greater number of exploratory rearing. Conclusion: Both diazepam and BPC-157 displayed a bidirectional effect, but the activity of pentadecapeptide BPC-157 was particular, and different from diazepam.
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anxiolytic effect of bpc 157 a gastric pentadecapeptide shock probe burying Test and Light Dark Test
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2001Co-Authors: P Sikiric, Nikola Jelovac, Goran Dodig, Mario Staresinic, Tomislav Anic, Ivan Zoricic, Gorana Aralica, A Jelovacgjeldum, D Ferovic, Gojko BuljatAbstract:Aim: To study anxiolytic effect of a gastric pentadecapeptide, BPC-157. Methods: In shock probe/burying Test, pentadecapeptide BPC-157 (10 microg/kg, 10 ng/kg, ip), diazepam (0.075, 0.0375 mg/kg, ip), and an equivolume of saline (5 mL/kg, ip) were given at 30 min prior Test. In Light/Dark Test, the same dosage of diazepam, BPC-157, and saline were given at 45 min prior procedure. Results: Shock probe/burying Test: rats treated with either diazepam or pentadecapeptide BPC-157 were much less afraid after the shock: almost not burying and the total time spent in burying was clearly less than in controls. However, while in the diazepam treated rats the number of shocks received increased over control values, in pentadecapeptide BPC-157 treated groups the number of shocks remained not modified compared with the control values. Light/Dark Test: after exposure to the intense Light, diazepam treated mice had longer latencies of crossing to the Dark compartment, a greater number of crossing and a greater number of exploratory rearing, and spent longer time in the Light compartment, as compared to the control mice, while BPC-157 mice had a similar behavior to that of the control mice. In contrast with the effect in Light area, in Dark zone diazepam produced no change with respect to controls, while BPC-157 (10 microg/kg) mice had a greater number of crossing and a greater number of exploratory rearing. Conclusion: Both diazepam and BPC-157 displayed a bidirectional effect, but the activity of pentadecapeptide BPC-157 was particular, and different from diazepam.
Nikolaos Pitsikas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Repeated but not acute exposure with a low dose range of the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induces anxiolytic-like behaviour in a dose-independent manner in two different rat models of anxiety
Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Alkiviadis Papageorgoulis, Panagiota Fallon, Nikolaos Mpalantes, Despoina Papageorgouli, Nikolaos PitsikasAbstract:Abstract Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a nitric oxide (NO) donor which actually is under assessment as a potential candidate for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is well documented that anxiety symptoms are a prominent future in various psychiatric diseases comprising schizophrenia. Prior research has shown that acute challenge with SNP (1–3 mg/kg) induced anti-anxiety effects in rats but these effects at high doses were confounded by sedation and were disappeared after repeated application of it. It is still unknown if administration of a lower SNP dose range, either acutely or sub-chronically, could induce anxiolytic-like behaviour. The present study was designed to investigate this issue in rats. For this aim, the Light/Dark and the open field Tests were used. Acute challenge with SNP (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, 30 min before Testing) did not affect rodents' performance in the above mentioned behavioural paradigms. Conversely, rats treated sub-chronically with SNP (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, once per day, for 5 consecutive days), displayed longer time spent in the Light chamber of the Light/Dark box and in the central area of the open field with respect to their vehicle-treated counterparts. Interestingly, SNP did not influence the first latency to enter the Dark chamber and the number of transitions between the Light and Dark compartments of the apparatus in the Light/Dark Test and did not modify the number of squares crossed, grooming episodes and rearings in the open field Test. Finally, acute administration of SNP (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg, 10 min before Testing) also did not influence rats’ performance in the Light/Dark Test. The present results indicate that short-term repeated but not acute application of a range of low doses of the NO donor SNP in a dose-independent manner induced an anti-anxiety behaviour in the rat which was not accompanied by undesired effects.
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Acute and repeated exposure with the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) differentially modulate responses in a rat model of anxiety
Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Martha A. Orfanidou, Anastasios Lafioniatis, Aikaterini Trevlopoulou, Ntilara Touzlatzi, Nikolaos PitsikasAbstract:Abstract The nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) actually is under investigation for the treatment of schizophrenia. That anxiety disorders are noted to occur commonly in schizophrenia patients is known. Contradictory results were reported however, concerning the effects of SNP in animal models of anxiety disorders. The present study investigated the effects of acute and repeated administration of SNP on anxiety-like behaviour in rats assessed in the Light/Dark Test. The effects of SNP on motility in a locomotor activity chamber were also investigated in rats. Acute administration of 1 mg/kg SNP 30 but not 60 min before Testing induced anxiolytic-like behaviour which cannot be attributed to changes in locomotor activity. Conversely, a single injection of 3 mg/kg SNP at 30 min before Testing depressed rats' general activity, while at 60 min this dose did not influence performance of animals either in the Light/Dark or in the motor activity Test. Repeated application of SNP (1 and 3 mg/kg, for 5 consecutive days) did not alter rodents' performance in the above described behavioural paradigms. The present results suggest that the effects exerted by SNP in the Light/Dark Test in rats are dose, time and treatment schedule-dependent. The current findings propose also a narrow therapeutic window for SNP in this animal model of anxiety.
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effects of the active constituents of crocus sativus l crocins in an animal model of anxiety
Phytomedicine, 2008Co-Authors: Nikolaos Pitsikas, Antonios Boultadakis, Georgia Georgiadou, Petros A. Tarantilis, Nikolaos SakellaridisAbstract:Abstract Crocus sativus L. is a plant cultivated in various parts of the world. Crocins are among the active components of Crocus sativus L. The present study was designed to investigate in the rat whether or not crocins possess anxiolytic properties. For this aim, the Light/Dark Test was selected. Either crocins, at a dose which did not influence animals’ motor activity (50 mg/kg), or diazepam (1.5 mg/kg), significantly increased the latency to enter the Dark compartment and prolonged the time spent in the lit chamber in the rats. Conversely, lower doses of crocins (15–30 mg/kg) did not substantially modify animals’ behaviour. The present results indicate that treatment with these active constituents of Crocus sativus L. induce anxiolytic-like effects in the rat.