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Bingjian Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A study of traditional blood Lime Mortar for restoration of ancient buildings
    Cement and Concrete Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Hui Zhang, Kun Zhang, Bingjian Zhang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Aerial Lime-based Mortars are recommended by many experts to restore the ancient buildings due to their great compatibility with ancient building materials. But their shortages (like long hardening time, relatively low mechanical strength, high water absorption capacity, etc.) limited their application in many fields. In this paper, the performance and mechanism of different simulated blood Mortars are presented. The results showed that the Mortar prepared by blood with Lime had better binding strength, waterproof property, weather resistance and curing speed than common Lime Mortar. Through the conductivity, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TG and curing speed test, it was found that the excellent performance of blood Lime Mortar was caused by the hydrolysis of blood proteins under alkaline condition and their special multilayer structure.

  • Impacts of sugar and egg-white as additives on the performance of traditional Lime Mortar and their mechanisms
    SCIENTIA SINICA Technologica, 2015
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Tao Yang, Guofeng Wei
    Abstract:

    The brown sugar and egg-white are wildly used as Lime Mortar additives in southeast of China and other regions. In this paper, the mechanical properties testing and the composition and structure after curing were used to discuss the impact of these two additives on the performance of Lime Mortar and their mechanism. The results indicate sugar could reduce the water-Lime ratio of Lime Mortar. When 2% sugar was added the water reduce effect could reach above 20% and effectively reduce the risk of cracking induced by Mortar dry shrinkage. However, the excessive sugar content would affect the compressive strength and water resistance of Mortar. Egg-white could improve the consistence, cohesiveness, durability and reduce the risk of cracking of Lime Mortar, while it has negative influence on the compressive strength and surface hardness of Lime Mortar. The main reason is the addition of egg-white make the Mortar become much more compact and slow down the carbonation progress of Lime Mortar. But the egg-white gather on the surface on the Mortar would influence the surface properties of Mortar. Thus we suggest that the safe amount of these two additives is less than 4%.

  • The identification of organic additives in traditional Lime Mortar
    Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2014
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Ye Zheng
    Abstract:

    Abstract Organic-inorganic Lime Mortars were widely used in many ancient buildings due to their good performance in some fields (such as caking property, water repellency, weatherability, etc.). However, many ancient buildings and sites are suffering from various degrees of damage with the development of the economy and society and appropriate conservation and restoration are needed. The application of traditional construction materials, such as organic-inorganic Lime Mortars, attracts more and more attention in the conservation and restoration of ancient buildings in the recent years. So, the understanding of the components of original Lime Mortar which remained in ancient sites is of fundamental significance. In this work a set of analytical procedures to identify the organic additives in Lime Mortars by classical chemical analysis is proposed. The results show that using iodine-potassium iodide reagent, Benedict's reagent, reduction phenolphthalein reagent, Coomassie brilliant blue and sodium periodate oxidation glycerin acetyl acetone method could effectively detect a small amount of starch, reducing sugar, blood, protein and fatty acid ester that remained in ancient buildings’ Lime Mortars, respectively. These analytical methods are easy to operate with low detection limit, high accuracy and some other advantages.

  • a study of tung oil Lime putty a traditional Lime based Mortar
    International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2014
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Guoqing Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tung-oil-Lime Mortar is a special organic–inorganic binding material invented by the ancient Chinese people. It was widely used in wooden ship and special moisture-proof structures of ancient buildings due to its good sealing and waterproof performances. As a traditional binding material, tung-oil–Lime Mortar would have a bright applicative prospect in protection of cultural relics. In this paper, the formula, performances and mechanism of tung-oil–Lime Mortar are discussed. The results show that the Mortar prepared by tung-oil with calcium hydroxide has better mechanical properties, water-resistivity and weather resistance than common Lime Mortar. The effective compositions of tung-oil–Lime Mortar were carboxylic acid calcium, curing tung-oil and calcium hydroxide. And these good performances of tung-oil–Lime Mortar come from the compact structure which is established through coordination reaction of Ca2+ from the Ca(OH)2 and the oxidation aggregation reaction of CaC double bonds in unsaturated fatty acid.

  • A study of Tung-oil–Lime putty—A traditional Lime based Mortar
    International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2014
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Guoqing Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tung-oil-Lime Mortar is a special organic–inorganic binding material invented by the ancient Chinese people. It was widely used in wooden ship and special moisture-proof structures of ancient buildings due to its good sealing and waterproof performances. As a traditional binding material, tung-oil–Lime Mortar would have a bright applicative prospect in protection of cultural relics. In this paper, the formula, performances and mechanism of tung-oil–Lime Mortar are discussed. The results show that the Mortar prepared by tung-oil with calcium hydroxide has better mechanical properties, water-resistivity and weather resistance than common Lime Mortar. The effective compositions of tung-oil–Lime Mortar were carboxylic acid calcium, curing tung-oil and calcium hydroxide. And these good performances of tung-oil–Lime Mortar come from the compact structure which is established through coordination reaction of Ca2+ from the Ca(OH)2 and the oxidation aggregation reaction of CaC double bonds in unsaturated fatty acid.

Fuwei Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • an experimental study on application of sticky rice Lime Mortar in conservation of the stone tower in the xiangji temple
    Construction and Building Materials, 2012
    Co-Authors: Guofeng Wei, Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Hongmin Wang, Fuwei Yang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Sticky rice–Lime Mortar is one of the most important technological inventions in the Chinese architectural history. In this work, an experimental study on the application of sticky rice–Lime Mortar in conservation of the stone tower in the Xiangji Temple was performed by means of the property characterization, SEM, XRD and DSC-TG analysis. Our Results indicate that paper fiber is the most effective admixture to endure freezing–thawing cycles and increase the compressive strength of sticky rice–Lime Mortar, and the use of aluminum sulfate reduces the drying shrinkage values and increases the compressive strength because of the formation of ettringite in sticky rice–Lime Mortar. It is suggested that 6% aluminum sulfate or 3% paper fiber may be the appropriate admixture of sticky rice–Lime Mortar in conservation of cultural relics. Based on the results of laboratory experiment, the sticky rice–Lime Mortar with 3% paper fiber is selected as the grouting material for the conservation of the Xiangji Temple tower.

  • An experimental study on application of sticky rice–Lime Mortar in conservation of the stone tower in the Xiangji Temple
    Construction and Building Materials, 2012
    Co-Authors: Guofeng Wei, Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Hongmin Wang, Fuwei Yang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Sticky rice–Lime Mortar is one of the most important technological inventions in the Chinese architectural history. In this work, an experimental study on the application of sticky rice–Lime Mortar in conservation of the stone tower in the Xiangji Temple was performed by means of the property characterization, SEM, XRD and DSC-TG analysis. Our Results indicate that paper fiber is the most effective admixture to endure freezing–thawing cycles and increase the compressive strength of sticky rice–Lime Mortar, and the use of aluminum sulfate reduces the drying shrinkage values and increases the compressive strength because of the formation of ettringite in sticky rice–Lime Mortar. It is suggested that 6% aluminum sulfate or 3% paper fiber may be the appropriate admixture of sticky rice–Lime Mortar in conservation of cultural relics. Based on the results of laboratory experiment, the sticky rice–Lime Mortar with 3% paper fiber is selected as the grouting material for the conservation of the Xiangji Temple tower.

  • study of sticky rice Lime Mortar technology for the restoration of historical masonry construction
    Accounts of Chemical Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Fuwei Yang, Bingjian Zhang
    Abstract:

    Replacing or repairing masonry Mortar is usually necessary in the restoration of historical constructions, but the selection of a proper Mortar is often problematic. An inappropriate choice can lead to failure of the restoration work, and perhaps even further damage. Thus, a thorough understanding of the original Mortar technology and the fabrication of appropriate replacement materials are important research goals. Many kinds of materials have been used over the years in masonry Mortars, and the technology has gradually evolved from the single-component Mortar of ancient times to hybrid versions containing several ingredients. Beginning in 2450 BCE, Lime was used as masonry Mortar in Europe. In the Roman era, ground volcanic ash, brick powder, and ceramic chip were added to Lime Mortar, greatly improving performance. Because of its superior properties, the use of this hydraulic (that is, capable of setting underwater) Mortar spread, and it was adopted throughout Europe and western Asia. Perhaps because o...

  • traditional Mortar represented by sticky rice Lime Mortar one of the great inventions in ancient china
    Science China-technological Sciences, 2009
    Co-Authors: Fuwei Yang, Bingjian Zhang, Changchu Pan, Yuyao Zeng
    Abstract:

    The development of traditional Lime-based bond in ancient times was reviewed in this paper. It was proved by a lot of historical data that the application of organic materials in inorganic Mortar was a sharp-cut characteristic during the developing process of construction gelled materials in ancient China. The important role sticky rice Mortar ever played and the historical significance were revealed. Due to the excellent performance, such as high adhesive strength, good toughness, water-proof and so on, traditional Mortar represented by sticky rice Mortar should be one of the greatest technological contributions of the day in the world. Modern technology was employed in the study of the sticky rice Lime Mortar and the researching results of our laboratory and some researchers, including the composition and the mechanism of solidification, were also presented. It was found that the sticky rice acted as a matrix of bio-mineralization which affected the microstructure of the calcium carbonate crystal and there was cooperation between sticky rice and calcite produced during the solidifying of the sticky rice Mortar, which maybe lead to the excellent performance of the Mortar. Because of excellent performance and importance in science, sticky rice Mortar can be regarded as one of the greatest inventions in construction history of China. Relative research of sticky Mortar will be of importance for the exploring of ancient momentous invention and the repairing of ancient construction.

Shiqiang Fang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A study of traditional blood Lime Mortar for restoration of ancient buildings
    Cement and Concrete Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Hui Zhang, Kun Zhang, Bingjian Zhang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Aerial Lime-based Mortars are recommended by many experts to restore the ancient buildings due to their great compatibility with ancient building materials. But their shortages (like long hardening time, relatively low mechanical strength, high water absorption capacity, etc.) limited their application in many fields. In this paper, the performance and mechanism of different simulated blood Mortars are presented. The results showed that the Mortar prepared by blood with Lime had better binding strength, waterproof property, weather resistance and curing speed than common Lime Mortar. Through the conductivity, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TG and curing speed test, it was found that the excellent performance of blood Lime Mortar was caused by the hydrolysis of blood proteins under alkaline condition and their special multilayer structure.

  • Impacts of sugar and egg-white as additives on the performance of traditional Lime Mortar and their mechanisms
    SCIENTIA SINICA Technologica, 2015
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Tao Yang, Guofeng Wei
    Abstract:

    The brown sugar and egg-white are wildly used as Lime Mortar additives in southeast of China and other regions. In this paper, the mechanical properties testing and the composition and structure after curing were used to discuss the impact of these two additives on the performance of Lime Mortar and their mechanism. The results indicate sugar could reduce the water-Lime ratio of Lime Mortar. When 2% sugar was added the water reduce effect could reach above 20% and effectively reduce the risk of cracking induced by Mortar dry shrinkage. However, the excessive sugar content would affect the compressive strength and water resistance of Mortar. Egg-white could improve the consistence, cohesiveness, durability and reduce the risk of cracking of Lime Mortar, while it has negative influence on the compressive strength and surface hardness of Lime Mortar. The main reason is the addition of egg-white make the Mortar become much more compact and slow down the carbonation progress of Lime Mortar. But the egg-white gather on the surface on the Mortar would influence the surface properties of Mortar. Thus we suggest that the safe amount of these two additives is less than 4%.

  • The identification of organic additives in traditional Lime Mortar
    Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2014
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Ye Zheng
    Abstract:

    Abstract Organic-inorganic Lime Mortars were widely used in many ancient buildings due to their good performance in some fields (such as caking property, water repellency, weatherability, etc.). However, many ancient buildings and sites are suffering from various degrees of damage with the development of the economy and society and appropriate conservation and restoration are needed. The application of traditional construction materials, such as organic-inorganic Lime Mortars, attracts more and more attention in the conservation and restoration of ancient buildings in the recent years. So, the understanding of the components of original Lime Mortar which remained in ancient sites is of fundamental significance. In this work a set of analytical procedures to identify the organic additives in Lime Mortars by classical chemical analysis is proposed. The results show that using iodine-potassium iodide reagent, Benedict's reagent, reduction phenolphthalein reagent, Coomassie brilliant blue and sodium periodate oxidation glycerin acetyl acetone method could effectively detect a small amount of starch, reducing sugar, blood, protein and fatty acid ester that remained in ancient buildings’ Lime Mortars, respectively. These analytical methods are easy to operate with low detection limit, high accuracy and some other advantages.

  • a study of tung oil Lime putty a traditional Lime based Mortar
    International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2014
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Guoqing Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tung-oil-Lime Mortar is a special organic–inorganic binding material invented by the ancient Chinese people. It was widely used in wooden ship and special moisture-proof structures of ancient buildings due to its good sealing and waterproof performances. As a traditional binding material, tung-oil–Lime Mortar would have a bright applicative prospect in protection of cultural relics. In this paper, the formula, performances and mechanism of tung-oil–Lime Mortar are discussed. The results show that the Mortar prepared by tung-oil with calcium hydroxide has better mechanical properties, water-resistivity and weather resistance than common Lime Mortar. The effective compositions of tung-oil–Lime Mortar were carboxylic acid calcium, curing tung-oil and calcium hydroxide. And these good performances of tung-oil–Lime Mortar come from the compact structure which is established through coordination reaction of Ca2+ from the Ca(OH)2 and the oxidation aggregation reaction of CaC double bonds in unsaturated fatty acid.

  • A study of Tung-oil–Lime putty—A traditional Lime based Mortar
    International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2014
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Guoqing Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tung-oil-Lime Mortar is a special organic–inorganic binding material invented by the ancient Chinese people. It was widely used in wooden ship and special moisture-proof structures of ancient buildings due to its good sealing and waterproof performances. As a traditional binding material, tung-oil–Lime Mortar would have a bright applicative prospect in protection of cultural relics. In this paper, the formula, performances and mechanism of tung-oil–Lime Mortar are discussed. The results show that the Mortar prepared by tung-oil with calcium hydroxide has better mechanical properties, water-resistivity and weather resistance than common Lime Mortar. The effective compositions of tung-oil–Lime Mortar were carboxylic acid calcium, curing tung-oil and calcium hydroxide. And these good performances of tung-oil–Lime Mortar come from the compact structure which is established through coordination reaction of Ca2+ from the Ca(OH)2 and the oxidation aggregation reaction of CaC double bonds in unsaturated fatty acid.

Hui Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A study of traditional blood Lime Mortar for restoration of ancient buildings
    Cement and Concrete Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Hui Zhang, Kun Zhang, Bingjian Zhang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Aerial Lime-based Mortars are recommended by many experts to restore the ancient buildings due to their great compatibility with ancient building materials. But their shortages (like long hardening time, relatively low mechanical strength, high water absorption capacity, etc.) limited their application in many fields. In this paper, the performance and mechanism of different simulated blood Mortars are presented. The results showed that the Mortar prepared by blood with Lime had better binding strength, waterproof property, weather resistance and curing speed than common Lime Mortar. Through the conductivity, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TG and curing speed test, it was found that the excellent performance of blood Lime Mortar was caused by the hydrolysis of blood proteins under alkaline condition and their special multilayer structure.

  • The identification of organic additives in traditional Lime Mortar
    Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2014
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Ye Zheng
    Abstract:

    Abstract Organic-inorganic Lime Mortars were widely used in many ancient buildings due to their good performance in some fields (such as caking property, water repellency, weatherability, etc.). However, many ancient buildings and sites are suffering from various degrees of damage with the development of the economy and society and appropriate conservation and restoration are needed. The application of traditional construction materials, such as organic-inorganic Lime Mortars, attracts more and more attention in the conservation and restoration of ancient buildings in the recent years. So, the understanding of the components of original Lime Mortar which remained in ancient sites is of fundamental significance. In this work a set of analytical procedures to identify the organic additives in Lime Mortars by classical chemical analysis is proposed. The results show that using iodine-potassium iodide reagent, Benedict's reagent, reduction phenolphthalein reagent, Coomassie brilliant blue and sodium periodate oxidation glycerin acetyl acetone method could effectively detect a small amount of starch, reducing sugar, blood, protein and fatty acid ester that remained in ancient buildings’ Lime Mortars, respectively. These analytical methods are easy to operate with low detection limit, high accuracy and some other advantages.

  • a study of tung oil Lime putty a traditional Lime based Mortar
    International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2014
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Guoqing Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tung-oil-Lime Mortar is a special organic–inorganic binding material invented by the ancient Chinese people. It was widely used in wooden ship and special moisture-proof structures of ancient buildings due to its good sealing and waterproof performances. As a traditional binding material, tung-oil–Lime Mortar would have a bright applicative prospect in protection of cultural relics. In this paper, the formula, performances and mechanism of tung-oil–Lime Mortar are discussed. The results show that the Mortar prepared by tung-oil with calcium hydroxide has better mechanical properties, water-resistivity and weather resistance than common Lime Mortar. The effective compositions of tung-oil–Lime Mortar were carboxylic acid calcium, curing tung-oil and calcium hydroxide. And these good performances of tung-oil–Lime Mortar come from the compact structure which is established through coordination reaction of Ca2+ from the Ca(OH)2 and the oxidation aggregation reaction of CaC double bonds in unsaturated fatty acid.

  • A study of Tung-oil–Lime putty—A traditional Lime based Mortar
    International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2014
    Co-Authors: Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Guoqing Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tung-oil-Lime Mortar is a special organic–inorganic binding material invented by the ancient Chinese people. It was widely used in wooden ship and special moisture-proof structures of ancient buildings due to its good sealing and waterproof performances. As a traditional binding material, tung-oil–Lime Mortar would have a bright applicative prospect in protection of cultural relics. In this paper, the formula, performances and mechanism of tung-oil–Lime Mortar are discussed. The results show that the Mortar prepared by tung-oil with calcium hydroxide has better mechanical properties, water-resistivity and weather resistance than common Lime Mortar. The effective compositions of tung-oil–Lime Mortar were carboxylic acid calcium, curing tung-oil and calcium hydroxide. And these good performances of tung-oil–Lime Mortar come from the compact structure which is established through coordination reaction of Ca2+ from the Ca(OH)2 and the oxidation aggregation reaction of CaC double bonds in unsaturated fatty acid.

  • An experimental study on application of sticky rice–Lime Mortar in conservation of the stone tower in the Xiangji Temple
    Construction and Building Materials, 2012
    Co-Authors: Guofeng Wei, Shiqiang Fang, Bingjian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Hongmin Wang, Fuwei Yang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Sticky rice–Lime Mortar is one of the most important technological inventions in the Chinese architectural history. In this work, an experimental study on the application of sticky rice–Lime Mortar in conservation of the stone tower in the Xiangji Temple was performed by means of the property characterization, SEM, XRD and DSC-TG analysis. Our Results indicate that paper fiber is the most effective admixture to endure freezing–thawing cycles and increase the compressive strength of sticky rice–Lime Mortar, and the use of aluminum sulfate reduces the drying shrinkage values and increases the compressive strength because of the formation of ettringite in sticky rice–Lime Mortar. It is suggested that 6% aluminum sulfate or 3% paper fiber may be the appropriate admixture of sticky rice–Lime Mortar in conservation of cultural relics. Based on the results of laboratory experiment, the sticky rice–Lime Mortar with 3% paper fiber is selected as the grouting material for the conservation of the Xiangji Temple tower.

Humberto R. Roman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • MICROSTRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF A SILICA FUME–CEMENT–Lime Mortar
    Cement & Concrete Composites, 2003
    Co-Authors: Philippe Jean Paul Gleize, A. Müller, Humberto R. Roman
    Abstract:

    Abstract Several additions, minerals and organic, are used in Mortars, such as pozzolanic materials, cementicious materials and polymers. Literature about the use of additions in masonry Mortars (cement/Lime/sand mixes) is scarce; usually, studies are about concrete Mortars. The purpose of this work is to study the microstructural effects of the substitution of 10% of Portland cement by silica fume in a 1:1:6 (cement/Lime/sand mix proportion by volume) masonry Mortar. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-rays analysis (SEM/EDX) shows that, with silica fume, the C–S–H formed is type III at early ages and that type III and type I coexist at later ages. Silica fume lowers the total porosity and increases compressive strength only at later age and, as expected, the pore structure of Mortar with silica fume is found to be finer than of non-silica fume Mortar.

  • microstructural investigation of a silica fume cement Lime Mortar
    Cement & Concrete Composites, 2003
    Co-Authors: Philippe Jean Paul Gleize, A. Müller, Humberto R. Roman
    Abstract:

    Abstract Several additions, minerals and organic, are used in Mortars, such as pozzolanic materials, cementicious materials and polymers. Literature about the use of additions in masonry Mortars (cement/Lime/sand mixes) is scarce; usually, studies are about concrete Mortars. The purpose of this work is to study the microstructural effects of the substitution of 10% of Portland cement by silica fume in a 1:1:6 (cement/Lime/sand mix proportion by volume) masonry Mortar. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-rays analysis (SEM/EDX) shows that, with silica fume, the C–S–H formed is type III at early ages and that type III and type I coexist at later ages. Silica fume lowers the total porosity and increases compressive strength only at later age and, as expected, the pore structure of Mortar with silica fume is found to be finer than of non-silica fume Mortar.