The Experts below are selected from a list of 2193 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Konrad Metzger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from benchtop to handheld mir for soil analysis predicting Lime Requirement and organic matter in agricultural soils
Biosystems Engineering, 2021Co-Authors: Konrad Metzger, Chaosheng Zhang, Karen DalyAbstract:Recent development of handheld mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometers holds promising applications for soil analysis. However, problems arise due to water content and other in-situ characteristics, and compatibility with existing spectral libraries and calibrations developed on benchtop instruments. This study examined the potential of handheld MIR for sampling and analysis of field fresh soils. A handheld MIR-DRIFTS instrument (Agilent 4300 handheld FTIR) was used to determine primary soil fertility metrics, specifically, Lime Requirement (LR) and organic matter (%OM). LR was predicted from handheld collected spectra using calibration models developed from (1) an existing benchtop spectral library and (2) a newly developed model using handheld spectra. Predictions of handheld spectra from the benchtop model exhibited a bias of 2.14 t ha−1, however this was improved (−0.13 t ha−1) when calibrating the model from spectra collected from the handheld instrument. To overcome the adverse effects of moisture on spectral predictions of LR and %OM, moisture correction spectra for seven different moisture classes were applied to soil spectra under field conditions. The moisture correction for the prediction of LR under field moist condition was partially successful and could correct for soils with moisture contents below the permanent wilting point. Prediction of %OM using moisture correction was effective across all moisture categories, and predicted values came within 1% of laboratory values. This research highlights the challenges of handheld MIR in the field, such as finding moisture corrections, practices for field spectra acquisition and the use of spectral libraries and serves as a starting point for future research.
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mid infrared spectroscopy as an alternative to laboratory extraction for the determination of Lime Requirement in tillage soils
Geoderma, 2020Co-Authors: Konrad Metzger, Chaosheng Zhang, Mark Ward, Karen DalyAbstract:Abstract Lime is a crucial soil conditioner to bring agricultural soils to optimum pH values for nutrient availability. Lime recommendations are typically determined in laboratory extractions, the most common being the “Shoemaker-McLean and Pratt” (SMP) buffer method, that requires carcinogenic reagents soon to be abolished under the EU legislation. As an alternative to wet chemistry, mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy has shown to be a cost-and time effective method at predicting soil properties. The capability and feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to predict Lime Requirement (LR) in tillage fields is examined. Samples from 41 cereal tillage fields (n = 655) are used to build a calibration for DRIFTS using partial least squares regression (PLSR). The samples were split into calibration set (31 fields, n = 495) and validation set (10 fields, n = 160). After pre-processing with trim, smoothing and standard normal variate, a calibration model using 6 latent variables, provided R2 of 0.89 and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 1.56 t/ha. Prediction of all fields from the validation set resulted in R2 of 0.76 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.68 t/ha. The predictions of the single fields ranged from R2 values of 0.41 to 0.72, RMSEP of 0.48 to 4.2 t/ha and ratios of performance to inter-quartile distance (RPIQ) of 0.45 to 3.56. It was shown that the signals of soil constituents having an influence on the LR were picked up in the spectra and were identified in the loading weights of the PLSR. While the error is too high to predict the variability of LR within the field, MIR prediction using field averages provided a viable alternative to current laboratory methods for blanket spreading of Lime on tillage fields.
Karen Daly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from benchtop to handheld mir for soil analysis predicting Lime Requirement and organic matter in agricultural soils
Biosystems Engineering, 2021Co-Authors: Konrad Metzger, Chaosheng Zhang, Karen DalyAbstract:Recent development of handheld mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometers holds promising applications for soil analysis. However, problems arise due to water content and other in-situ characteristics, and compatibility with existing spectral libraries and calibrations developed on benchtop instruments. This study examined the potential of handheld MIR for sampling and analysis of field fresh soils. A handheld MIR-DRIFTS instrument (Agilent 4300 handheld FTIR) was used to determine primary soil fertility metrics, specifically, Lime Requirement (LR) and organic matter (%OM). LR was predicted from handheld collected spectra using calibration models developed from (1) an existing benchtop spectral library and (2) a newly developed model using handheld spectra. Predictions of handheld spectra from the benchtop model exhibited a bias of 2.14 t ha−1, however this was improved (−0.13 t ha−1) when calibrating the model from spectra collected from the handheld instrument. To overcome the adverse effects of moisture on spectral predictions of LR and %OM, moisture correction spectra for seven different moisture classes were applied to soil spectra under field conditions. The moisture correction for the prediction of LR under field moist condition was partially successful and could correct for soils with moisture contents below the permanent wilting point. Prediction of %OM using moisture correction was effective across all moisture categories, and predicted values came within 1% of laboratory values. This research highlights the challenges of handheld MIR in the field, such as finding moisture corrections, practices for field spectra acquisition and the use of spectral libraries and serves as a starting point for future research.
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mid infrared spectroscopy as an alternative to laboratory extraction for the determination of Lime Requirement in tillage soils
Geoderma, 2020Co-Authors: Konrad Metzger, Chaosheng Zhang, Mark Ward, Karen DalyAbstract:Abstract Lime is a crucial soil conditioner to bring agricultural soils to optimum pH values for nutrient availability. Lime recommendations are typically determined in laboratory extractions, the most common being the “Shoemaker-McLean and Pratt” (SMP) buffer method, that requires carcinogenic reagents soon to be abolished under the EU legislation. As an alternative to wet chemistry, mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy has shown to be a cost-and time effective method at predicting soil properties. The capability and feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to predict Lime Requirement (LR) in tillage fields is examined. Samples from 41 cereal tillage fields (n = 655) are used to build a calibration for DRIFTS using partial least squares regression (PLSR). The samples were split into calibration set (31 fields, n = 495) and validation set (10 fields, n = 160). After pre-processing with trim, smoothing and standard normal variate, a calibration model using 6 latent variables, provided R2 of 0.89 and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 1.56 t/ha. Prediction of all fields from the validation set resulted in R2 of 0.76 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.68 t/ha. The predictions of the single fields ranged from R2 values of 0.41 to 0.72, RMSEP of 0.48 to 4.2 t/ha and ratios of performance to inter-quartile distance (RPIQ) of 0.45 to 3.56. It was shown that the signals of soil constituents having an influence on the LR were picked up in the spectra and were identified in the loading weights of the PLSR. While the error is too high to predict the variability of LR within the field, MIR prediction using field averages provided a viable alternative to current laboratory methods for blanket spreading of Lime on tillage fields.
Indubhushan Patnaikuni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pozzolanic index and Lime Requirement of low calcium fly ashes in high volume fly ash mortar
Construction and Building Materials, 2017Co-Authors: Himabindu Myadraboina, Sujeeva Setunge, Indubhushan PatnaikuniAbstract:The major drawback for High Volume Fly Ash Concrete (HVFAC) is low strength development. It is because of the production of less Lime by the hydration due to less cement present. However, the exact amount of the Lime required for HVFAC system is an unsolved problem so far due to the complexity of hydration and pozzolanic reactions. This paper presents the application of the theory of a logical Pozzolanic Index proposed by Dunstan R Edwin in 2006 for three fly ashes of different chemical and physical properties. Based on the procedure used to find the Strength Activity Index proposed by ASTM C 618, an experimental analysis is conducted on mortar compressive strength, whose results are used to determine the Pozzolanic Index. Thereby calculates the required Lime for each replacement of cement with fly ash ranging from 0 to 80% for the three fly ashes. It also concludes that the finer the fly ash the more reactive and consumes more Lime at certain age of concrete.
Mark Ward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mid infrared spectroscopy as an alternative to laboratory extraction for the determination of Lime Requirement in tillage soils
Geoderma, 2020Co-Authors: Konrad Metzger, Chaosheng Zhang, Mark Ward, Karen DalyAbstract:Abstract Lime is a crucial soil conditioner to bring agricultural soils to optimum pH values for nutrient availability. Lime recommendations are typically determined in laboratory extractions, the most common being the “Shoemaker-McLean and Pratt” (SMP) buffer method, that requires carcinogenic reagents soon to be abolished under the EU legislation. As an alternative to wet chemistry, mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy has shown to be a cost-and time effective method at predicting soil properties. The capability and feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to predict Lime Requirement (LR) in tillage fields is examined. Samples from 41 cereal tillage fields (n = 655) are used to build a calibration for DRIFTS using partial least squares regression (PLSR). The samples were split into calibration set (31 fields, n = 495) and validation set (10 fields, n = 160). After pre-processing with trim, smoothing and standard normal variate, a calibration model using 6 latent variables, provided R2 of 0.89 and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 1.56 t/ha. Prediction of all fields from the validation set resulted in R2 of 0.76 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.68 t/ha. The predictions of the single fields ranged from R2 values of 0.41 to 0.72, RMSEP of 0.48 to 4.2 t/ha and ratios of performance to inter-quartile distance (RPIQ) of 0.45 to 3.56. It was shown that the signals of soil constituents having an influence on the LR were picked up in the spectra and were identified in the loading weights of the PLSR. While the error is too high to predict the variability of LR within the field, MIR prediction using field averages provided a viable alternative to current laboratory methods for blanket spreading of Lime on tillage fields.
Claude E. Boyd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a bicarbonate titration method for Lime Requirement to neutralize exchangeable acidity of pond bottom soils
Aquaculture, 2014Co-Authors: Yangxue Han, Claude E. Boyd, Rawee ViriyatumAbstract:Abstract The Lime Requirement of ponds can be determined by direct titration with standard sulfuric acid of the amount of alkalinity neutralized by the exchangeable acidity displaced from a bottom soil sample equilibrated with a solution of 1.0 N in potassium ion and 0.04 N in bicarbonate (2 mg CaCO3 equivalent mL− 1). This procedure, called the K-bicarbonate method here, provided precise estimates of Lime Requirement that were 9.6% to 27.2% (average = 12.9%) greater than those obtained by the method currently recommended for use on pond soils. It is likely that the K-bicarbonate method neutralizes more of the exchangeable acidity in pond bottom soil samples than does the current method recommended for pond bottom soils and thereby provides a more reliable estimate of Lime Requirement. Moreover, the K-bicarbonate method does not require a hazardous chemical, a mechanical shaker, or a pH meter as does the current method for pond Lime Requirement. The cost per analysis also is cheaper by the K-bicarbonate method than with the method currently recommended for pond soils.
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evaluation of Lime Requirement procedures and liming materials for aquaculture ponds in thailand
Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 2005Co-Authors: Kom Silapajarn, Orawan Silapajarn, Claude E. BoydAbstract:Abstract There were strong correlations between soil pH and pHof water (R2 = 0.810) and total alkalinity (R2 = 0.724) in laboratory soil-water systems prepared with acidic rainwater and pond soil samples from Thailand. Moreover, water pH and total alkalinity were highly correlated (R2 = 0.987). Although soil carbonate concentration was not correlated with total alkalinity, there was a correlation between the product of soil carbonate and soil organic carbon and total alkalinity (R2 = 0.482). Other soil properties, exchange acidity, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, and total sulfur, were either not correlated or weakly correlated with total alkalinity. Total alkalinity did not exceed 20 mg/L except in systems with soils containing free carbonate. A method that estimates the amount of liming material needed to completely base-saturate bottom soils and provides an excess of carbonate, should be used in Thailand and other places. Calcitic agricultural Limestone gave higher total alkalinity concentra...
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Lime application methods water and bottom soil acidity in fresh water fish ponds
Scientia Agricola, 2004Co-Authors: Julio Ferraz De Queiroz, G Nicolella, C W Wood, Claude E. BoydAbstract:Although some methods for determining Lime Requirement of pond soils are available and commonly used, there is still no consensus on whether it is more effective to apply liming materials to the bottoms of empty ponds or to wait and apply them over the water surface after ponds are filled. There is also little information on how deep Lime reacts in pond sediment over time, and whether the depth of reaction is different when liming materials are applied to the water or to the soil. Therefore, three techniques for treating fish ponds with agricultural Limestone were evaluated in ponds with clayey soils at a commercial fish farm. Amounts of agricultural Limestone equal to the Lime Requirement of bottom soils were applied to each of three ponds by: direct application over the pond water surface; spread uniformly over the bottom of the empty pond; spread uniformly over the bottom of the empty pond followed by tilling of the bottom. Effectiveness of agricultural Limestone applications did not differ among treatment methods. Agricultural Limestone also reacted quickly to increase total alkalinity and total hardness of pond water to acceptable concentrations within 2 weeks after application. The reaction of Lime to increase soil pH was essentially complete after one to two months, and Lime had no effect below a soil depth of 8 cm. Tilling of pond bottoms to incorporate liming materials is unnecessary, and tilling consumes time and is an expensive practice; filled ponds can be Limed effectively.