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Angelo Pallini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Lime Sulfur on Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus macropilis, two naturally occurring enemies of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae.
Pest management science, 2019Co-Authors: Henry E Vacacela Ajila, Madelaine Venzon, Eugênio E. Oliveira, Felipe Lemos, Khalid Haddi, Felipe Colares, Pedro H Marques Gonçalves, Angelo PalliniAbstract:BACKGROUND: The application of Lime Sulfur is a common practice used to control arthropod pests in organic production of fruits. However, the unintended effects of this insecticide preparation on non‐targeted organisms have not received the adequate attention. Here, we evaluated the Lime Sulfur toxicity on the phytophagous mites Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and on two predatory mite species [i.e., Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks)] (Acari: Phytoseiidae) of natural occurrence in strawberry plants. We also assessed the repellency and potential effects on the oviposition rates and the egg viability of mites that were exposed to field‐used Lime Sulfur concentrations (i.e., 2%). RESULTS: The Lime Sulfur exhibited higher toxicity to the predators N. californicus (LC₅₀ = 5.4 [4.5%–6.8%]) and P. macropilis (LC₅₀ = 5.0 [4.0%–6.5%]) than to the phytophagous T. urticae (LC₅₀ = 12.4 [9.0%–17.1%]). However, the exposure to field‐applied concentrations resulted in higher reductions on the oviposition rate of T. urticae (36%) than on the predatory mites (N. californicus = 18%. P. macropilis = 19%). Interestingly, although the egg viability of P. macropilis was less affected (i.e., reduction of 50%) by such Lime Sulfur exposures, these mites were unable to avoid Lime Sulfur‐treated areas. Egg viability of N. californicus was only 18.6%. CONCLUSION: Lime Sulfur at field‐applied concentrations harmed T. urticae fecundity and fertility and it showed selectivity against naturally occurring predatory mites, which reinforces its potential as a tool for integrated mite pest management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
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Toxicity to and egg-laying avoidance of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) caused by an old alternative inorganic insecticide preparation.
Pest management science, 2017Co-Authors: Felipe Andreazza, Henry E Vacacela Ajila, Khalid Haddi, Felipe Colares, Angelo Pallini, Eugênio E. OliveiraAbstract:BACKGROUND The application of synthetic insecticides remains the most used tool for the management of spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). However, management of this pest in the organic production of soft-skinned fruits is a complex task due to the restricted number of registered products. Here, we assess the toxicity of Lime Sulfur and evaluate whether Lime Sulfur-treated strawberry plants affected the oviposition and development of D. suzukii. RESULTS Lime Sulfur exhibited adequate toxicity to D. suzukii (LC50 = 26.6 mL L−1) without phytotoxicity to strawberry plants. When D. suzukii females were exposed to Lime Sulfur-treated plants in no-choice bioassays, oviposition was significantly (t-test, P < 0.05) reduced compared with that on untreated plants. In free-choice bioassays, D. suzukii females laid significantly (paired t-test, P < 0.05) more eggs on untreated plants. Furthermore, in the free-choice bioassays, immature development was slower for adults that originated from eggs laid on Lime Sulfur-treated plants than from those laid on untreated plants. CONCLUSIONS Lime Sulfur showed adequate control and, therefore, has potential for use as a management tool against D. suzukii infestations in organic production systems. This old, alternative insecticide preparation not only caused adult fly mortality, but also reduced the number of eggs laid on Lime Sulfur-treated plants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
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Toxicity of organic-coffee-approved products to the southern red mite Oligonychus ilicis and to its predator Iphiseiodes zuluagai
Crop Protection, 2014Co-Authors: Edmar S. Tuelher, Madelaine Venzon, Raul Narciso C. Guedes, Angelo PalliniAbstract:Organic coffee growers in Brazil often spray a wide range of organic-farming compatible products to control pests including the southern red mite, Oligonychus ilicis. However, most of these products have not yet been proven to be effective for mite control and there is no information about their side effects on natural enemies. We evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of three organic compatible products, the biofertilizer Supermagro, a fresh bovine manure supplemented with micronutrients, bone meal, unrefined sugar, and milk to stimulate fermentation, an enriched Bordeaux mixture (Vica Cafe Plus®) and Lime Sulfur to O. ilicis and to its predatory mite Iphiseiodes zuluagai. Additionally, we evaluated the efficacy of these products against O. ilicis under greenhouse conditions. Only Lime Sulfur showed acute lethal effects at concentrations lower than the field recommended rates (20–40 ml/l). The predatory mite I. zuluagai was more tolerant than its prey to the three products based on acute lethal concentration bioassays. The instantaneous rate of increase (ri) of O. ilicis when exposed to Lime Sulfur at field recommended rates was negative but ri of the predatory mite, I. zuluagai was not. The ri of the predatory mite was lower than that of its prey under Supermagro and Vica Cafe exposure, including at their field recommended rates (200 ml/l and 10 g/l, respectively). In a greenhouse experiment, the control efficacy against O. ilicis 14 days after spraying reached levels higher than 80% for all three products. Lime Sulfur has the potential to control O. ilicis in organic coffee plantations. Although, Supermagro and Vica Cafe exhibited potential to control O. ilicis in the greenhouse, the product concentrations used were very high and may lead to selectivity problems. Therefore, spraying suitable concentrations of such products taking into account their effectiveness against O. ilicis and their selectivity to natural enemies are important for ecological pest management in organic coffee besides benefiting coffee plant nutrition.
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Potencial de defensivos alternativos para o controle do ácaro-branco em pimenta "Malagueta"
Horticultura Brasileira, 2006Co-Authors: Madelaine Venzon, Maria Da Consolação Rosado, Cleide Maria Ferreira Pinto, Vanessa Da Silveira Duarte, Denise Eliane Euzebio, Angelo PalliniAbstract:Lethal and sublethal effects of alternative pesticides on the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus were evaluated. Chilli pepper plants (6 cm high) were sprayed with one of the following treatments: biofertilizer "Supermagro", "Vicosa mixture" (a nutrient amended Bordeaux mixture), Lime Sulfur, abamectin and water. After spraying, 10 females of P. latus were transferred to each plant. Six days after, the number of mites per plant was counted and the instantaneous rate of increase (ri) was evaluated for each treatment. The population of P. latus on plants treated with Lime Sulfur, "Vicosa mixture" and abamectin was significantly lower than on plants treated with biofertilizer and water. Negative values of the instantaneous rate of increase (ri), were obtained for P. latus on plants treated with Lime Sulfur (ri = -0.2922) and with "Vicosa mixture" (ri = -0.0301). Positive values were obtained for mites on plants treated with biofertilizer (ri = 0.2373) and water (ri = 0.1971), which indicate increase of P. latus population on these plants. It was not possible to calculate ri for mites on abamectin treated plants, because all females died at the beginning of the experiment. Lime Sulfur and "Vicosa mixture" showed potential for controlling broad mite P. latus on chilli pepper "Malagueta".
Madelaine Venzon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Lime Sulfur on Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus macropilis, two naturally occurring enemies of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae.
Pest management science, 2019Co-Authors: Henry E Vacacela Ajila, Madelaine Venzon, Eugênio E. Oliveira, Felipe Lemos, Khalid Haddi, Felipe Colares, Pedro H Marques Gonçalves, Angelo PalliniAbstract:BACKGROUND: The application of Lime Sulfur is a common practice used to control arthropod pests in organic production of fruits. However, the unintended effects of this insecticide preparation on non‐targeted organisms have not received the adequate attention. Here, we evaluated the Lime Sulfur toxicity on the phytophagous mites Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and on two predatory mite species [i.e., Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks)] (Acari: Phytoseiidae) of natural occurrence in strawberry plants. We also assessed the repellency and potential effects on the oviposition rates and the egg viability of mites that were exposed to field‐used Lime Sulfur concentrations (i.e., 2%). RESULTS: The Lime Sulfur exhibited higher toxicity to the predators N. californicus (LC₅₀ = 5.4 [4.5%–6.8%]) and P. macropilis (LC₅₀ = 5.0 [4.0%–6.5%]) than to the phytophagous T. urticae (LC₅₀ = 12.4 [9.0%–17.1%]). However, the exposure to field‐applied concentrations resulted in higher reductions on the oviposition rate of T. urticae (36%) than on the predatory mites (N. californicus = 18%. P. macropilis = 19%). Interestingly, although the egg viability of P. macropilis was less affected (i.e., reduction of 50%) by such Lime Sulfur exposures, these mites were unable to avoid Lime Sulfur‐treated areas. Egg viability of N. californicus was only 18.6%. CONCLUSION: Lime Sulfur at field‐applied concentrations harmed T. urticae fecundity and fertility and it showed selectivity against naturally occurring predatory mites, which reinforces its potential as a tool for integrated mite pest management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
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Toxicity of organic-coffee-approved products to the southern red mite Oligonychus ilicis and to its predator Iphiseiodes zuluagai
Crop Protection, 2014Co-Authors: Edmar S. Tuelher, Madelaine Venzon, Raul Narciso C. Guedes, Angelo PalliniAbstract:Organic coffee growers in Brazil often spray a wide range of organic-farming compatible products to control pests including the southern red mite, Oligonychus ilicis. However, most of these products have not yet been proven to be effective for mite control and there is no information about their side effects on natural enemies. We evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of three organic compatible products, the biofertilizer Supermagro, a fresh bovine manure supplemented with micronutrients, bone meal, unrefined sugar, and milk to stimulate fermentation, an enriched Bordeaux mixture (Vica Cafe Plus®) and Lime Sulfur to O. ilicis and to its predatory mite Iphiseiodes zuluagai. Additionally, we evaluated the efficacy of these products against O. ilicis under greenhouse conditions. Only Lime Sulfur showed acute lethal effects at concentrations lower than the field recommended rates (20–40 ml/l). The predatory mite I. zuluagai was more tolerant than its prey to the three products based on acute lethal concentration bioassays. The instantaneous rate of increase (ri) of O. ilicis when exposed to Lime Sulfur at field recommended rates was negative but ri of the predatory mite, I. zuluagai was not. The ri of the predatory mite was lower than that of its prey under Supermagro and Vica Cafe exposure, including at their field recommended rates (200 ml/l and 10 g/l, respectively). In a greenhouse experiment, the control efficacy against O. ilicis 14 days after spraying reached levels higher than 80% for all three products. Lime Sulfur has the potential to control O. ilicis in organic coffee plantations. Although, Supermagro and Vica Cafe exhibited potential to control O. ilicis in the greenhouse, the product concentrations used were very high and may lead to selectivity problems. Therefore, spraying suitable concentrations of such products taking into account their effectiveness against O. ilicis and their selectivity to natural enemies are important for ecological pest management in organic coffee besides benefiting coffee plant nutrition.
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Lime Sulfur toxicity to broad mite, to its host plants and to natural enemies.
Pest management science, 2012Co-Authors: Madelaine Venzon, Rafael M Oliveira, André Lage Perez, Fredy Alexander Rodríguez-cruz, Sebastião Martins FilhoAbstract:Background An acaricidal effect of Lime Sulfur has not been demonstrated for Polyphagotarsonemus latus. However, Lime Sulfur can cause toxicity to natural enemies and to host plants. In this study, the toxicity of different concentrations of Lime Sulfur to P. latus, to the predatory mite Amblyseius herbicolus and to the predatory insect Chrysoperla externa was evaluated. Additionally, the phytotoxicity of Lime Sulfur to two P. latus hosts, chili pepper and physic nut plants, was determined. Results Lime Sulfur at a concentration of 9.5 mL L−1 restrained P. latus population growth. However, this concentration was deleterious to natural enemies. The predatory mite A. herbicolus showed a negative value of instantaneous growth rate, and only 50% of the tested larvae of C. externa reached adulthood when exposed to 10 mL L−1. Physic nut had severe injury symptoms when sprayed with all tested Lime Sulfur concentrations. For chili pepper plants, no phytoxicity was observed at any tested concentration. Conclusion Lime Sulfur might be used for P. latus control on chili pepper but not on physic nut owing to phytotoxicity. Care should be taken when using Lime Sulfur in view of negative effects on natural enemies. Selective Lime Sulfur concentration integrated with other management tactics may provide an effective and sustainable P. latus control on chili pepper. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
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Potencial de defensivos alternativos para o controle do ácaro-branco em pimenta "Malagueta"
Horticultura Brasileira, 2006Co-Authors: Madelaine Venzon, Maria Da Consolação Rosado, Cleide Maria Ferreira Pinto, Vanessa Da Silveira Duarte, Denise Eliane Euzebio, Angelo PalliniAbstract:Lethal and sublethal effects of alternative pesticides on the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus were evaluated. Chilli pepper plants (6 cm high) were sprayed with one of the following treatments: biofertilizer "Supermagro", "Vicosa mixture" (a nutrient amended Bordeaux mixture), Lime Sulfur, abamectin and water. After spraying, 10 females of P. latus were transferred to each plant. Six days after, the number of mites per plant was counted and the instantaneous rate of increase (ri) was evaluated for each treatment. The population of P. latus on plants treated with Lime Sulfur, "Vicosa mixture" and abamectin was significantly lower than on plants treated with biofertilizer and water. Negative values of the instantaneous rate of increase (ri), were obtained for P. latus on plants treated with Lime Sulfur (ri = -0.2922) and with "Vicosa mixture" (ri = -0.0301). Positive values were obtained for mites on plants treated with biofertilizer (ri = 0.2373) and water (ri = 0.1971), which indicate increase of P. latus population on these plants. It was not possible to calculate ri for mites on abamectin treated plants, because all females died at the beginning of the experiment. Lime Sulfur and "Vicosa mixture" showed potential for controlling broad mite P. latus on chilli pepper "Malagueta".
Edward C. Ramsay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ATTEMPTED TREATMENT OF TIGERS (PANTHERA TIGRIS) INFECTED WITH MICROSPORUM CANIS
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: John M. Sykes, Edward C. RamsayAbstract:Abstract An outbreak of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis occurred in tigers (Panthera tigris) at an exotic felid sanctuary in 2003. In an attempt to find an effective, practical, safe, and affordable method for controlling this epizootic, a clinical treatment trial was conducted. Nonalopecic tigers were studied to address the inapparent carrier state observed at the facility. The efficacy of three topical and environmental treatment combinations of a 2% Lime Sulfur solution and a peroxide-based cleaner were evaluated in nonalopecic, culture-positive tigers (n = 18) housed in four separate enclosures. Lime Sulfur solution was applied topically to all of these animals. As a control, nonalopecic but culture-positive tigers (n = 6) housed in two other enclosures were not treated. Environmental treatments included Lime Sulfur solution (n = 1), a peroxide-based cleaner (n = 1), and no treatment (n = 2). All solutions were applied at 2-wk intervals for seven treatments. The 2% Lime Sulfur solution tre...
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ATTEMPTED TREATMENT OF TIGERS (PANTHERA TIGRIS) INFECTED WITH MICROSPORUM CANIS
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2007Co-Authors: John M. Sykes, Edward C. RamsayAbstract:An outbreak of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis occurred in tigers (Panthera tigris) at an exotic felid sanctuary in 2003. In an attempt to find an effective, practical, safe, and affordable method for controlling this epizootic, a clinical treatment trial was conducted. Nonalopecic tigers were studied to address the inapparent carrier state observed at the facility. The efficacy of three topical and environmental treatment combinations of a 2% Lime Sulfur solution and a peroxide-based cleaner were evaluated in nonalopecic, culture-positive tigers (n = 18) housed in four separate enclosures. Lime Sulfur solution was applied topically to all of these animals. As a control, nonalopecic but culture-positive tigers (n = 6) housed in two other enclosures were not treated. Environmental treatments included Lime Sulfur solution (n = 1), a peroxide-based cleaner (n = 1), and no treatment (n = 2). All solutions were applied at 2-wk intervals for seven treatments. The 2% Lime Sulfur solution treatments were unsuccessful in resolving infections in most tigers. Lime Sulfur was effective in suppressing environmental fungal growth immediately posttreatment, whereas the peroxide-based cleaner was not effective. A follow-up survey of all study tigers and their enclosures was conducted 2 yr later, at which time 22 of 24 tigers (92%) had attained resolution, defined as two sequential negative hair cultures. Review of the culture results during the clinical trial and follow-up study suggests that nonalopecic dermatophytosis in tigers that are housed outdoors may not warrant aggressive individual or environmental treatment, as the infection may clear with time.
Carlos Amadeu Leite De Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Resíduos de calda sulfocálcica sobre a eficiência de acaricidas no controle de Brevipalpus phoenicis
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 2011Co-Authors: Daniel Junior De Andrade, Pattaro, Fernando César, Carlos Amadeu Leite De OliveiraAbstract:O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a influência dos resíduos de calda sulfocálcica sobre a eficiência de acaricidas empregados no controle de Brevipalpus phoenicis. Inicialmente, o experimento foi instalado em um pomar de citros, em que foram selecionadas 10 plantas que continham frutos com verrugose. Realizou-se a aplicação de calda sulfocálcica (8g i.a. L-1 de água) em cinco plantas e as outras cinco plantas permaneceram sem aplicação de produto fitossanitário. Protegeram-se, com copos de plástico transparente de 500mL, 64 frutos nas plantas tratadas com calda e 64 frutos nas plantas não-tratadas, totalizando 128 frutos protegidos. Decorridos 30 dias da aplicação, os frutos foram colhidos e levados para o laboratório. Estes frutos foram parcialmente parafinados, deixando-se em cada fruto uma arena de 2,5cm de diâmetro com verrugose e sem parafina, delimitada com cola entomológica. em seguida, procedeu-se à aplicação sobre os frutos em Torre de Potter dos seguintes acaricidas nas concentrações expressas em mg de ingrediente ativo por litro de água: propargite a 720mg, óxido de fenbutatina a 400mg, cyhexatin a 250mg, azocyclotin a 250mg, fenpyroximate a 50mg, dicofol a 960mg e dinocap a 738mg e a testemunha sem aplicação de acaricida. Após 1, 7 e 16 dias da aplicação, transferiram-se para cada fruto 10 ácaros B. phoenicis para avaliar a mortalidade. Constatou-se que os resíduos de calda sulfocálcica não prejudicaram a eficiência dos acaricidas avaliados no controle de B. phoenicis.The objective was to assess the influence of Lime Sulfur residues on the acaricidal efficiency against Brevipalpus phoenicis mite. Initially, the experiment was conducted in a citrus orchard where 10 plants presenting scab fruits were selected. Secondly, the application of Lime Sulfur (8mg a.i. L-1 of water) was performed in five plants, and the other five plants remained without application. Next Lime Sulfur application, 64 fruits in the plants with Lime Sulfur application were protected with plastic cups and others 64 fruits also were protected in the plants without Lime Sulfur application with plastic cups. After 30 days of field application, fruits were harvested and transported to the laboratory. These fruits were partially waxed, leaving an arena of approximately 2.5cm in diameter with scab and without paraffin and entrapped with entomological glue. Afterwards, acaricides application were done following the concentration expressed in mg of active ingredient per liter of water: propargite (720mg), fenbutatin oxide (400mg), cyhexatin (250mg), azocyclotin (250mg), fenpyroximate (50mg), dicofol (960mg), dinocap (738mg) and control treatment by using the petri dish-Potter tower method. After 1, 7 and 16 days of application, ten B. phoenicis were transferred per fruit, in order to evaluate their mortality, 24 and 48 hours after the transferences. The Lime Sulfur residue did not affect the acaricides efficiency
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Resíduos de calda sulfocálcica sobre a eficiência de acaricidas no controle de Brevipalpus phoenicis
Ciência Rural, 2011Co-Authors: Daniel Junior De Andrade, Fernando César Pattaro, Carlos Amadeu Leite De OliveiraAbstract:The objective was to assess the influence of Lime Sulfur residues on the acaricidal efficiency against Brevipalpus phoenicis mite. Initially, the experiment was conducted in a citrus orchard where 10 plants presenting scab fruits were selected. Secondly, the application of Lime Sulfur (8mg a.i. L-1 of water) was performed in five plants, and the other five plants remained without application. Next Lime Sulfur application, 64 fruits in the plants with Lime Sulfur application were protected with plastic cups and others 64 fruits also were protected in the plants without Lime Sulfur application with plastic cups. After 30 days of field application, fruits were harvested and transported to the laboratory. These fruits were partially waxed, leaving an arena of approximately 2.5cm in diameter with scab and without paraffin and entrapped with entomological glue. Afterwards, acaricides application were done following the concentration expressed in mg of active ingredient per liter of water: propargite (720mg), fenbutatin oxide (400mg), cyhexatin (250mg), azocyclotin (250mg), fenpyroximate (50mg), dicofol (960mg), dinocap (738mg) and control treatment by using the petri dish-Potter tower method. After 1, 7 and 16 days of application, ten B. phoenicis were transferred per fruit, in order to evaluate their mortality, 24 and 48 hours after the transferences. The Lime Sulfur residue did not affect the acaricides efficiency.
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Resíduos de calda sulfocálcica sobre a eficiência de acaricidas no controle de Brevipalpus phoenicis Lime Sulfur residue on acaricide efficiency in the control of Brevipalpus phoenicis
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011Co-Authors: Daniel Junior De Andrade, Fernando César Pattaro, Carlos Amadeu Leite De OliveiraAbstract:O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a influência dos resíduos de calda sulfocálcica sobre a eficiência de acaricidas empregados no controle de Brevipalpus phoenicis. Inicialmente, o experimento foi instalado em um pomar de citros, em que foram selecionadas 10 plantas que continham frutos com verrugose. Realizou-se a aplicação de calda sulfocálcica (8g i.a. L-1 de água) em cinco plantas e as outras cinco plantas permaneceram sem aplicação de produto fitossanitário. Protegeram-se, com copos de plástico transparente de 500mL, 64 frutos nas plantas tratadas com calda e 64 frutos nas plantas não-tratadas, totalizando 128 frutos protegidos. Decorridos 30 dias da aplicação, os frutos foram colhidos e levados para o laboratório. Estes frutos foram parcialmente parafinados, deixando-se em cada fruto uma arena de 2,5cm de diâmetro com verrugose e sem parafina, delimitada com cola entomológica. Em seguida, procedeu-se à aplicação sobre os frutos em Torre de Potter dos seguintes acaricidas nas concentrações expressas em mg de ingrediente ativo por litro de água: propargite a 720mg, óxido de fenbutatina a 400mg, cyhexatin a 250mg, azocyclotin a 250mg, fenpyroximate a 50mg, dicofol a 960mg e dinocap a 738mg e a testemunha sem aplicação de acaricida. Após 1, 7 e 16 dias da aplicação, transferiram-se para cada fruto 10 ácaros B. phoenicis para avaliar a mortalidade. Constatou-se que os resíduos de calda sulfocálcica não prejudicaram a eficiência dos acaricidas avaliados no controle de B. phoenicis.The objective was to assess the influence of Lime Sulfur residues on the acaricidal efficiency against Brevipalpus phoenicis mite. Initially, the experiment was conducted in a citrus orchard where 10 plants presenting scab fruits were selected. Secondly, the application of Lime Sulfur (8mg a.i. L-1 of water) was performed in five plants, and the other five plants remained without application. Next Lime Sulfur application, 64 fruits in the plants with Lime Sulfur application were protected with plastic cups and others 64 fruits also were protected in the plants without Lime Sulfur application with plastic cups. After 30 days of field application, fruits were harvested and transported to the laboratory. These fruits were partially waxed, leaving an arena of approximately 2.5cm in diameter with scab and without paraffin and entrapped with entomological glue. Afterwards, acaricides application were done following the concentration expressed in mg of active ingredient per liter of water: propargite (720mg), fenbutatin oxide (400mg), cyhexatin (250mg), azocyclotin (250mg), fenpyroximate (50mg), dicofol (960mg), dinocap (738mg) and control treatment by using the petri dish-Potter tower method. After 1, 7 and 16 days of application, ten B. phoenicis were transferred per fruit, in order to evaluate their mortality, 24 and 48 hours after the transferences. The Lime Sulfur residue did not affect the acaricides efficiency
Imre Holb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Sanitation Treatments on Leaf Litter Density and Leaf Spot Incidence in Integrated and Organic Sour Cherry Orchards.
Plant disease, 2013Co-Authors: Imre HolbAbstract:Abstract A 3-year study was conducted to determine the effect of five sanitation treatments on leaf litter density (LLD), leaf spot incidence, and percent defoliation on two cultivars (‘Ujfehertoi furtos’ and ‘Erdi bőtermő’) in two sour cherry orchards: one managed by integrated pest management principles with conventional fungicides and the other managed organically. The following sanitation treatments were compared: sprays of urea or Lime Sulfur in autumn, removing fallen leaves after leaf fall, straw mulch cover in late winter, sprays of urea or Lime Sulfur followed by mulch cover, removing fallen leaves followed by mulch cover, and a nonsanitized control. In both orchards and all years, LLD decreased by 2 to 28% in all treatment plots from early December to mid-May. LLD reduction was two to four times higher in the organic orchard compared with the integrated orchard. All treatments, except the Lime Sulfur or urea treatment alone, resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reduction of LLD in both the integra...