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Jacek Jeżowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Minimum number of units (MNU) and minimum total surface area (MTA) targets
Energy Optimization in Process Systems and Fuel Cells, 2013Co-Authors: Stanislaw Sieniutycz, Jacek JeżowskiAbstract:Targeting approaches for a minimum number of units and minimum total surface area have to account for types of heat exchangers applied. In this chapter, problem of minimum number of matches (MNM) target is formulated and solved. Matches with a single residual stream and two residual streams are interpreted graphically. Minimum total area for matches (MTA-m) target is discussed as developed by Townsend and Linnhoff. Bath formula to calculate total minimum surface area is derived and then analyzed. Illustration of diverse pinch concept is given, as adopted in methods for targeting and designing HEN. Minimum number of shells (MNS) target is characterized in terms of first methods from pinch technology. By considering minimum total area for shells (MTA-s) target we proceed toward explaining approaches for the minimum surface area target for multi-shell apparatus (MTA-s). It is concluded that the bath formula with the so-called spaghetti structure gives targets substantially larger than those found from rigorous approaches. Diverse pinch method does not produce reliable results and, in fact, its accuracy is similar to bath approach. The method of Jezowski et al. (2003e) is shown to give the results that differ less than 1% from rigorous data from Colberg and Morari (1990) , and are of similar accuracy as NLP approach.
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Chapter 16 – Minimum number of units (MNU) and minimum total surface area (MTA) targets
Energy Optimization in Process Systems, 2009Co-Authors: Stanislaw Sieniutycz, Jacek JeżowskiAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on minimum number of units (mnu) and minimum total surface area (mta) targets. Targeting approaches for minimum number of units (MNU) and minimum total surface area (MTA) have to account for the type of heat exchangers applied. Most often they are limited to shell-and-tube apparatus with pure counter-current flow, which are known as matches or 1-1 units (1 shell–1 tube pass). Such methods are able to determine the minimum number of matches (MNM target) and the minimum total surface for matches (MTA-m target). In order to calculate the MNU and MTA targets, one should know the total number of hot streams, which include hot process streams and heating utilities, and the total number of cold streams, which include cold process streams and cooling utilities, that are considered for exchanging heat in a heat exchanger network. The necessary data for process streams are the same as those required for calculating the MUC target. Additionally, to calculate minimum area target, one has to know individual heat transfer coefficients for all streams or, alternatively, overall heat transfer coefficients for all pairs of hot and cold streams. The first method for reaching the MTA-m target was developed by Townsend and Linnhoff in 1984, which is commonly referred to as the “Bath formula.” The key idea in this method is to apply the composite curves to simulate overall counter-current heat exchange in a HEN.
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The pinch design method for tasks with multiple pinches
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 1992Co-Authors: Jacek JeżowskiAbstract:Abstract The application of the pinch design method (PDM) of Linnhoff and Hindmarsh for tasks with multiple pinches has been considered by Trivedi et al. They suggested the introduction of the so-called “inverse pinch” to create a starting point for a design of network structure in a region between pinches. This Short Note shows that such problems can also be solved by the original PDM rules with some guidance to the user. It is also shown using examples that application of the PDM rules from both sides of a region between pinches simultaneously leads to solutions featuring both the maximum energy recovery (MER) as well as the minimum number of units (MNU).
Stanislaw Sieniutycz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Minimum number of units (MNU) and minimum total surface area (MTA) targets
Energy Optimization in Process Systems and Fuel Cells, 2013Co-Authors: Stanislaw Sieniutycz, Jacek JeżowskiAbstract:Targeting approaches for a minimum number of units and minimum total surface area have to account for types of heat exchangers applied. In this chapter, problem of minimum number of matches (MNM) target is formulated and solved. Matches with a single residual stream and two residual streams are interpreted graphically. Minimum total area for matches (MTA-m) target is discussed as developed by Townsend and Linnhoff. Bath formula to calculate total minimum surface area is derived and then analyzed. Illustration of diverse pinch concept is given, as adopted in methods for targeting and designing HEN. Minimum number of shells (MNS) target is characterized in terms of first methods from pinch technology. By considering minimum total area for shells (MTA-s) target we proceed toward explaining approaches for the minimum surface area target for multi-shell apparatus (MTA-s). It is concluded that the bath formula with the so-called spaghetti structure gives targets substantially larger than those found from rigorous approaches. Diverse pinch method does not produce reliable results and, in fact, its accuracy is similar to bath approach. The method of Jezowski et al. (2003e) is shown to give the results that differ less than 1% from rigorous data from Colberg and Morari (1990) , and are of similar accuracy as NLP approach.
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Chapter 16 – Minimum number of units (MNU) and minimum total surface area (MTA) targets
Energy Optimization in Process Systems, 2009Co-Authors: Stanislaw Sieniutycz, Jacek JeżowskiAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on minimum number of units (mnu) and minimum total surface area (mta) targets. Targeting approaches for minimum number of units (MNU) and minimum total surface area (MTA) have to account for the type of heat exchangers applied. Most often they are limited to shell-and-tube apparatus with pure counter-current flow, which are known as matches or 1-1 units (1 shell–1 tube pass). Such methods are able to determine the minimum number of matches (MNM target) and the minimum total surface for matches (MTA-m target). In order to calculate the MNU and MTA targets, one should know the total number of hot streams, which include hot process streams and heating utilities, and the total number of cold streams, which include cold process streams and cooling utilities, that are considered for exchanging heat in a heat exchanger network. The necessary data for process streams are the same as those required for calculating the MUC target. Additionally, to calculate minimum area target, one has to know individual heat transfer coefficients for all streams or, alternatively, overall heat transfer coefficients for all pairs of hot and cold streams. The first method for reaching the MTA-m target was developed by Townsend and Linnhoff in 1984, which is commonly referred to as the “Bath formula.” The key idea in this method is to apply the composite curves to simulate overall counter-current heat exchange in a HEN.
Elaine Isa Santos De Santana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thermodynamic analysis of a petroleum fractionation column
[s.n.], 2018Co-Authors: Elaine Isa Santos De SantanaAbstract:Orientador: Roger Josef ZemTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia QuimicaResumo: Nos dias atuais, um grande desafio das indústrias é conciliar a produção com os padrões de qualidade exigidos pelo mercado e o mínimo consumo energético. Em uma unidade industrial, a coluna de destilação é uma das operações unitárias que mais consome energia e freqüentemente aparece em maior número. Conseguir otimizar a utilização das fontes de energia é primordial para reduzir significativamente os custos da produção. A proposta desta tese é estudar o projeto de um sistema de separação complexo (coluna de para fracionamento de petróleo), aplicando abordagem termodinâmica: o estudo foi realizado através dos perfis termodinâmicos construídos com os resultados de simulação. A análise conjunta da GCCC (Dhole e Linnhoff, 1992) e do perfil de perdas exergéticas (Zemp, 1994) sugere modificações atrativas, do ponto de vista energético, tanto para o projeto de colunas quanto para a ampliação de capacidade de colunas em operação. Os ganhos alcançados propiciam um menor consumo de energia e custo operacional e reduz a poluição ambiental. A utilização de abordagem termo dinâmica na otimização de uma coluna de destilação precisa de um tratamento inicial nos resultados para obter os perfis termodinâmicos (composição da alimentação e produtos, temperatura e composição de cada estágio, entalpia e entropia para cada fase nos estágios). Entretanto a metodologia termodinâmica é de fácil aplicação, uma vez que os perfis gerados descrevem as oportunidades de ganhos que são revertidos em redução de custos. Durante o trabalho foi desenvolvido um programa específico para a construção dos perfis termodinâmicos (ProAt.exe) que auxiliou na avaliação dos vários casos de melhoria sugeridos. O grande diferencial entre o uso das metodologias de Análise Pinch e Análise Exergética e os métodos convencionais de otimização é a redução do esforço computacional e matemático. A utilização de dados de uma simulação convergida, que já consideram irreversibilidades do sistema, e as 1 a e 2a Leis da Termodinâmica tornam as met9dologias propostas para otimização eficientes e menos complexasAbstract: Nowadays an industry's challenge is to combine production with high quality ordered by the clients and minimum energetic comsuption. Fractionation column is one of the operations that uses energy and often appears in large number in industry' s units. Optimize the energy source consumptions is primordial to reduce the production costs. The thesis proposal is study a design of a complex fractionation system (petroleum fractionation column) applying thermodynamic approach: the study was realized using thermodymanic profiles built with simulation results. The combined analysis of Grand Composite Curve of the Column (Dhole and Linnhoff, 1992) and Exergy Losses Profile (Zemp, 1994) suggests interesting modifications in energetic concem to column designs and retrofit. The obtaineq gains result in low energy consumption and production costs and reduce the environmental pollution. The application ofthermodynamic approach in otimization of a fractionation column needs .a inicial treatment ofthe results to obtain the thermodynamic profiles (feed and products composition, stage temperatures and composition, enthalpy and entropy for each stage phases). However the thermodynamic approach is applicable because the generated profiles shows the opportunities of gains that are compared of cost reduction. During this thesis a specific program was developed to generate the thermodynamic profiles (ProAt.exe) that helped in the evaluation of many improvement cases. The most important difference between the use of Pinch and Exergetic Analysis and the conventional approachs of otimization is the reduction of comput~cional and mathematical effort. The use of converged simulation that considers some irreversibilities of the system and the application of 1 st and 2nd Thermodymanic Laws become the proposal approaches eficient and less complexDoutoradoSistemas de Processos Quimicos e InformaticaDoutor em Engenharia Químic
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Thermodynamic analysis of a petroleum fractionation column
2017Co-Authors: Elaine Isa Santos De SantanaAbstract:Resumo: Nos dias atuais, um grande desafio das indústrias é conciliar a produção com os padrões de qualidade exigidos pelo mercado e o mínimo consumo energético. Em uma unidade industrial, a coluna de destilação é uma das operações unitárias que mais consome energia e freqüentemente aparece em maior número. Conseguir otimizar a utilização das fontes de energia é primordial para reduzir significativamente os custos da produção. A proposta desta tese é estudar o projeto de um sistema de separação complexo (coluna de para fracionamento de petróleo), aplicando abordagem termodinâmica: o estudo foi realizado através dos perfis termodinâmicos construídos com os resultados de simulação. A análise conjunta da GCCC (Dhole e Linnhoff, 1992) e do perfil de perdas exergéticas (Zemp, 1994) sugere modificações atrativas, do ponto de vista energético, tanto para o projeto de colunas quanto para a ampliação de capacidade de colunas em operação. Os ganhos alcançados propiciam um menor consumo de energia e custo operacional e reduz a poluição ambiental. A utilização de abordagem termo dinâmica na otimização de uma coluna de destilação precisa de um tratamento inicial nos resultados para obter os perfis termodinâmicos (composição da alimentação e produtos, temperatura e composição de cada estágio, entalpia e entropia para cada fase nos estágios). Entretanto a metodologia termodinâmica é de fácil aplicação, uma vez que os perfis gerados descrevem as oportunidades de ganhos que são revertidos em redução de custos. Durante o trabalho foi desenvolvido um programa específico para a construção dos perfis termodinâmicos (ProAt.exe) que auxiliou na avaliação dos vários casos de melhoria sugeridos. O grande diferencial entre o uso das metodologias de Análise Pinch e Análise Exergética e os métodos convencionais de otimização é a redução do esforço computacional e matemático. A utilização de dados de uma simulação convergida, que já consideram irreversibilidades do sistema, e as 1 a e 2a Leis da Termodinâmica tornam as met9dologias propostas para otimização eficientes e menos complexasAbstract: Nowadays an industry's challenge is to combine production with high quality ordered by the clients and minimum energetic comsuption. Fractionation column is one of the operations that uses energy and often appears in large number in industry' s units. Optimize the energy source consumptions is primordial to reduce the production costs. The thesis proposal is study a design of a complex fractionation system (petroleum fractionation column) applying thermodynamic approach: the study was realized using thermodymanic profiles built with simulation results. The combined analysis of Grand Composite Curve of the Column (Dhole and Linnhoff, 1992) and Exergy Losses Profile (Zemp, 1994) suggests interesting modifications in energetic concem to column designs and retrofit. The obtaineq gains result in low energy consumption and production costs and reduce the environmental pollution. The application ofthermodynamic approach in otimization of a fractionation column needs .a inicial treatment ofthe results to obtain the thermodynamic profiles (feed and products composition, stage temperatures and composition, enthalpy and entropy for each stage phases). However the thermodynamic approach is applicable because the generated profiles shows the opportunities of gains that are compared of cost reduction. During this thesis a specific program was developed to generate the thermodynamic profiles (ProAt.exe) that helped in the evaluation of many improvement cases. The most important difference between the use of Pinch and Exergetic Analysis and the conventional approachs of otimization is the reduction of comput~cional and mathematical effort. The use of converged simulation that considers some irreversibilities of the system and the application of 1 st and 2nd Thermodymanic Laws become the proposal approaches eficient and less comple
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Thermodynamic analysis of a petroleum fractionation column
Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Engenharia Química, 2004Co-Authors: Elaine Isa Santos De SantanaAbstract:Nos dias atuais, um grande desafio das indústrias é conciliar a produção com os padrões de qualidade exigidos pelo mercado e o mínimo consumo energético. Em uma unidade industrial, a coluna de destilação é uma das operações unitárias que mais consome energia e freqüentemente aparece em maior número. Conseguir otimizar a utilização das fontes de energia é primordial para reduzir significativamente os custos da produção. A proposta desta tese é estudar o projeto de um sistema de separação complexo (coluna de para fracionamento de petróleo), aplicando abordagem termodinâmica: o estudo foi realizado através dos perfis termodinâmicos construídos com os resultados de simulação. A análise conjunta da GCCC (Dhole e Linnhoff, 1992) e do perfil de perdas exergéticas (Zemp, 1994) sugere modificações atrativas, do ponto de vista energético, tanto para o projeto de colunas quanto para a ampliação de capacidade de colunas em operação. Os ganhos alcançados propiciam um menor consumo de energia e custo operacional e reduz a poluição ambiental. A utilização de abordagem termo dinâmica na otimização de uma coluna de destilação precisa de um tratamento inicial nos resultados para obter os perfis termodinâmicos (composição da alimentação e produtos, temperatura e composição de cada estágio, entalpia e entropia para cada fase nos estágios). Entretanto a metodologia termodinâmica é de fácil aplicação, uma vez que os perfis gerados descrevem as oportunidades de ganhos que são revertidos em redução de custos. Durante o trabalho foi desenvolvido um programa específico para a construção dos perfis termodinâmicos (ProAt.exe) que auxiliou na avaliação dos vários casos de melhoria sugeridos. O grande diferencial entre o uso das metodologias de Análise Pinch e Análise Exergética e os métodos convencionais de otimização é a redução do esforço computacional e matemático. A utilização de dados de uma simulação convergida, que já consideram irreversibilidades do sistema, e as 1 a e 2a Leis da Termodinâmica tornam as met9dologias propostas para otimização eficientes e menos complexasNowadays an industry's challenge is to combine production with high quality ordered by the clients and minimum energetic comsuption. Fractionation column is one of the operations that uses energy and often appears in large number in industry' s units. Optimize the energy source consumptions is primordial to reduce the production costs. The thesis proposal is study a design of a complex fractionation system (petroleum fractionation column) applying thermodynamic approach: the study was realized using thermodymanic profiles built with simulation results. The combined analysis of Grand Composite Curve of the Column (Dhole and Linnhoff, 1992) and Exergy Losses Profile (Zemp, 1994) suggests interesting modifications in energetic concem to column designs and retrofit. The obtaineq gains result in low energy consumption and production costs and reduce the environmental pollution. The application ofthermodynamic approach in otimization of a fractionation column needs .a inicial treatment ofthe results to obtain the thermodynamic profiles (feed and products composition, stage temperatures and composition, enthalpy and entropy for each stage phases). However the thermodynamic approach is applicable because the generated profiles shows the opportunities of gains that are compared of cost reduction. During this thesis a specific program was developed to generate the thermodynamic profiles (ProAt.exe) that helped in the evaluation of many improvement cases. The most important difference between the use of Pinch and Exergetic Analysis and the conventional approachs of otimization is the reduction of comput~cional and mathematical effort. The use of converged simulation that considers some irreversibilities of the system and the application of 1 st and 2nd Thermodymanic Laws become the proposal approaches eficient and less comple
Petar Sabev Varbanov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Process Integration: Pinch Analysis and Mathematical Programming - Directions for Future Development
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Petar Sabev VarbanovAbstract:Abstract Numerous studies have been performed process systems engineering field for improving the efficiency of supplying and using energy, water and other resources and consequently for reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds and other pollutants, accumulating a significant body of methods, applications and results. It has become apparent that the resource inputs and effluents of industrial processes and the other units including the business centres, civic objects and even agricultural plants can and are often connected with each other. Most industrial plants and the other units throughout the world still use more energy and water than necessary, they are proven cases in the range 20 – 30 %, emitting too large volumes of Greenhouse Gases and other pollutants. Water-saving measures and the reuse of water may reduce groundwater consumption by as much as 25 – 30 %. Usually reducing resource consumption is achieved by increasing internal recycling and the reuse of energy and material streams. Projects for improving process resource efficiencies can be very beneficial and also potentially improve the public perception of the companies. Motivating, launching and carrying out such projects, however, involve appropriate optimisation, based on adequate process models, applied within the framework of appropriate resource minimisation strategies and procedures. Process Integration supporting process design, integration and optimisation has been around for nearly 45 years. It has been closely related to the development of process systems engineering, as well as utilising mathematical modelling and information technology. In the broader sense Process Integration methods can be classified into those relying on process based insight and targeting on the one hand, mainly employing targeting, heuristics and artificial intelligence—AI. On the other hand are the methods employing detailed mathematical models usually implemented as algebraic models with embedded superstructures in the case of process network synthesis. The methods relying on thermodynamic insights have been first published in the early 1980-s (Linnhoff and Flower, 1978) as well as those using mathematical programming—MP (Papoulias and Grossmann, 1983). There can also be a combined approach (Klemes and Kravanja, 2013). On the one hand, the concept relying on thermodynamic and/or physical insights using the well-known Pinch Analysis has been the more widely accepted in both academia and industry. Process Integration has thus converged towards two schools of thought, the thermodynamic based (Pinch) and the mathematically based MP, each having its own advantages and drawbacks. The thermodynamic school has mostly preceded that of the MP in generating ideas based on engineering creativity. The MP school has enacted its ideas and described them as explicit mathematical models for solving advanced PI problems. The collaboration between both approaches has been widening, taking from each other the more applicable parts. Its development has been accelerating as the combined methodology has been able to provide answers and support for important issues regarding economic development—energy, water and resources better utilisation and savings. This contribution is targeted towards a short overview of recent achievements and future challenges.
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Rules for paths construction for HENs debottlenecking
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2000Co-Authors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír KlemešAbstract:Abstract This paper is based on the heat exchanger network retrofit techniques, developed by Tjoe and Linnhoff and extended by Asante and Zhu. It considers, under the Network Pinch framework, two important cases — the Retrofit Initialisation and Topology Modification when the direct application of the classic Network Pinch concept and rules is not possible. With the help of a system of simple heuristics, these limitations are overcome which extends the application range of the Network Pinch framework.
Jiří Jaromír Klemeš - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Process Integration: Pinch Analysis and Mathematical Programming - Directions for Future Development
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Petar Sabev VarbanovAbstract:Abstract Numerous studies have been performed process systems engineering field for improving the efficiency of supplying and using energy, water and other resources and consequently for reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds and other pollutants, accumulating a significant body of methods, applications and results. It has become apparent that the resource inputs and effluents of industrial processes and the other units including the business centres, civic objects and even agricultural plants can and are often connected with each other. Most industrial plants and the other units throughout the world still use more energy and water than necessary, they are proven cases in the range 20 – 30 %, emitting too large volumes of Greenhouse Gases and other pollutants. Water-saving measures and the reuse of water may reduce groundwater consumption by as much as 25 – 30 %. Usually reducing resource consumption is achieved by increasing internal recycling and the reuse of energy and material streams. Projects for improving process resource efficiencies can be very beneficial and also potentially improve the public perception of the companies. Motivating, launching and carrying out such projects, however, involve appropriate optimisation, based on adequate process models, applied within the framework of appropriate resource minimisation strategies and procedures. Process Integration supporting process design, integration and optimisation has been around for nearly 45 years. It has been closely related to the development of process systems engineering, as well as utilising mathematical modelling and information technology. In the broader sense Process Integration methods can be classified into those relying on process based insight and targeting on the one hand, mainly employing targeting, heuristics and artificial intelligence—AI. On the other hand are the methods employing detailed mathematical models usually implemented as algebraic models with embedded superstructures in the case of process network synthesis. The methods relying on thermodynamic insights have been first published in the early 1980-s (Linnhoff and Flower, 1978) as well as those using mathematical programming—MP (Papoulias and Grossmann, 1983). There can also be a combined approach (Klemes and Kravanja, 2013). On the one hand, the concept relying on thermodynamic and/or physical insights using the well-known Pinch Analysis has been the more widely accepted in both academia and industry. Process Integration has thus converged towards two schools of thought, the thermodynamic based (Pinch) and the mathematically based MP, each having its own advantages and drawbacks. The thermodynamic school has mostly preceded that of the MP in generating ideas based on engineering creativity. The MP school has enacted its ideas and described them as explicit mathematical models for solving advanced PI problems. The collaboration between both approaches has been widening, taking from each other the more applicable parts. Its development has been accelerating as the combined methodology has been able to provide answers and support for important issues regarding economic development—energy, water and resources better utilisation and savings. This contribution is targeted towards a short overview of recent achievements and future challenges.
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Rules for paths construction for HENs debottlenecking
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2000Co-Authors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír KlemešAbstract:Abstract This paper is based on the heat exchanger network retrofit techniques, developed by Tjoe and Linnhoff and extended by Asante and Zhu. It considers, under the Network Pinch framework, two important cases — the Retrofit Initialisation and Topology Modification when the direct application of the classic Network Pinch concept and rules is not possible. With the help of a system of simple heuristics, these limitations are overcome which extends the application range of the Network Pinch framework.