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Inna Khozin-goldberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lipid Metabolism in Microalgae
The Physiology of Microalgae, 2016Co-Authors: Inna Khozin-goldbergAbstract:Microalgae have gained the attention of the scientific community, particularly Lipid biochemists and microalgal biotechnologists, as a source of valuable nutritional ingredients, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and carotenoids, as well as precursors for biodiesel production. The field of microalgal Lipids, particularly with respect to the identification of gene functions and the regulation of Lipid biosynthetic pathways, is in its infancy. However, a wealth of biochemical and physiological data had been previously acquired. The last few years have witnessed substantial progress toward understanding the biochemical reactions of Lipid biosynthesis in microalgae, supported by comprehensive knowledge acquired in the field of plant Lipid biochemistry, as well as immense systems biology studies. Intensive investigations focusing on the biochemistry and enzymology of triacylglycerol formation in microalgal cells have already revealed some novel gene functions and cellular features, indicating that Lipid Metabolism in microalgae might differ in some aspects from that in higher plants. A better understanding of the remarkable diversity, complex evolutionary history and ecological distribution of microalgae would further accelerate functional genomic studies of model and non-model species and shed more light on their versatile Lipid biosynthesis pathways. Recent advances in the genetic transformation as well as in genome-editing technologies, now permit the genomes of microalgae to be manipulated in order to expand their use in biotechnology. A thorough understanding of the Lipid biosynthetic pathways in different groups of microalgae is a prerequisite for the genetic engineering of microalgae toward enhanced Lipid production and modifications in fatty acid composition.This chapter covers the biochemistry and physiology of Lipid Metabolism in microalgae. It summarizes the current knowledge in the field acquired over the last two decades, noting some of the earlier seminal works. The first aspect to be covered is the diversity of fatty acid and Lipid classes in microalgae; next, the major Lipid biosynthesis routes and pathways of fatty acid modification are outlined. In the last part of the chapter, we address the effects of environmental and nutritional factors, as well as stressful conditions, on Lipid Metabolism in microalgae.
Christoph Benning - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lipid Metabolism in microalgae distinguishes itself
Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2013Co-Authors: Bensheng Liu, Christoph BenningAbstract:Microalgae are attracting renewed interest from both the scientific and public communities owing to their potential applications as sustainable feed stocks for the production of biofuels and high value compounds, and environmental remediation. Recent advances in molecular and biochemical analyses of microalgae point toward interesting differences in Lipid Metabolism between algal species and in comparison to plants. These differences range from distinct acyl groups present in algal Lipids, to a possible more direct role of plastids in the assembly of TAGs with consequences for the overall subcellular organization of glyceroLipid Metabolism. Thus, studying Lipid Metabolism in microalgae points to new possible avenues of genetic engineering of Lipid Metabolism in this organism group, and may also inform studies of Lipid Metabolism in plants.
C Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Methodology for studying postprandial Lipid Metabolism
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2007Co-Authors: D Lairon, J Lopez-miranda, C WilliamsAbstract:Background: Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in humans has deserved much attention during the last two decades. Although fasting Lipid and lipoprotein parameters reflect body homeostasis to some extent, the transient Lipid and lipoprotein accumulation that occurs in the circulation after a fat-containing meal highlights the individual capacity to handle an acute fat input. An exacerbated postprandial accumulation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the circulation has been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Methods: The important number of studies published in this field raises the question of the methodology used for such postprandial studies, as reviewed. Results: Based on our experiences, the present review reports and discuss the numerous methodological issues involved to serve as a basis for further works. These aspects include aims of the postprandial tests, size and nutrient composition of the test meals and background diets, pre-test conditions, characteristics of subjects involved, timing of sampling, suitable markers of postprandial Lipid Metabolism and calculations. Conclusion: In conclusion, we stress the need for standardization of postprandial tests.
Bensheng Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lipid Metabolism in microalgae distinguishes itself
Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2013Co-Authors: Bensheng Liu, Christoph BenningAbstract:Microalgae are attracting renewed interest from both the scientific and public communities owing to their potential applications as sustainable feed stocks for the production of biofuels and high value compounds, and environmental remediation. Recent advances in molecular and biochemical analyses of microalgae point toward interesting differences in Lipid Metabolism between algal species and in comparison to plants. These differences range from distinct acyl groups present in algal Lipids, to a possible more direct role of plastids in the assembly of TAGs with consequences for the overall subcellular organization of glyceroLipid Metabolism. Thus, studying Lipid Metabolism in microalgae points to new possible avenues of genetic engineering of Lipid Metabolism in this organism group, and may also inform studies of Lipid Metabolism in plants.
Uzi Gafter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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altered renal Lipid Metabolism and renal Lipid accumulation in human diabetic nephropathy
Journal of Lipid Research, 2014Co-Authors: Michal Hermanedelstein, Pnina Scherzer, Ana Tobar, Moshe Levi, Uzi GafterAbstract:Animal models link ectopic Lipid accumulation to renal dysfunction, but whether this process occurs in the human kidney is uncertain. To this end, we investigated whether altered renal TG and cholesterol Metabolism results in Lipid accumulation in human diabetic nephropathy (DN). Lipid staining and the expression of Lipid Metabolism genes were studied in kidney biopsies of patients with diagnosed DN (n = 34), and compared with normal kidneys (n = 12). We observed heavy Lipid deposition and increased intracellular Lipid droplets. Lipid deposition was associated with dysregulation of Lipid Metabolism genes. Fatty acid β-oxidation pathways including PPAR-α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, acyl-CoA oxidase, and L-FABP were downregulated. Downregulation of renal lipoprotein lipase, which hydrolyzes circulating TGs, was associated with increased expression of angiopoietin-like protein 4. Cholesterol uptake receptor expression, including LDL receptors, oxidized LDL receptors, and acetylated LDL receptors, was significantly increased, while there was downregulation of genes effecting cholesterol efflux, including ABCA1, ABCG1, and apoE. There was a highly significant correlation between glomerular filtration rate, inflammation, and Lipid Metabolism genes, supporting a possible role of abnormal Lipid Metabolism in the pathogenesis of DN. These data suggest that renal Lipid Metabolism may serve as a target for specific therapies aimed at slowing the progression of glomerulosclerosis.