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Venkatesh Balan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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conversion of lignocellulosic agave residues into Liquid Biofuels using an afex based biorefinery
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2018Co-Authors: Carlos A Floresgomez, Eleazar Escamilla M Silva, Leonardo Da Costa Sousa, Venkatesh Balan, Cheng ZhongAbstract:Agave-based alcoholic beverage companies generate thousands of tons of solid residues per year in Mexico. These agave residues might be used for biofuel production due to their abundance and favorable sustainability characteristics. In this work, agave leaf and bagasse residues from species Agave tequilana and Agave salmiana were subjected to pretreatment using the ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) process. The pretreatment conditions were optimized using a response surface design methodology. We also identified commercial enzyme mixtures that maximize sugar yields for AFEX-pretreated agave bagasse and leaf matter, at ~ 6% glucan (w/w) loading enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, the pretreated agave hydrolysates (at a total solids loading of ~ 20%) were used for ethanol fermentation using the glucose- and xylose-consuming strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST), to determine ethanol yields at industrially relevant conditions. Low-severity AFEX pretreatment conditions are required (100–120 °C) to enable efficient enzymatic deconstruction of the agave cell wall. These studies showed that AFEX-pretreated A. tequilana bagasse, A. tequilana leaf fiber, and A. salmiana bagasse gave ~ 85% sugar conversion during enzyme hydrolysis and over 90% metabolic yields of ethanol during fermentation without any washing step or nutrient supplementation. On the other hand, although lignocellulosic A. salmiana leaf gave high sugar conversions, the hydrolysate could not be fermented at high solids loadings, apparently due to the presence of natural inhibitory compounds. These results show that AFEX-pretreated agave residues can be effectively hydrolyzed at high solids loading using an optimized commercial enzyme cocktail (at 25 mg protein/g glucan) producing > 85% sugar conversions and over 40 g/L bioethanol titers. These results show that AFEX technology has considerable potential to convert lignocellulosic agave residues to bio-based fuels and chemicals in a biorefinery.
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conversion of lignocellulosic agave residues into Liquid Biofuels using an afex based biorefinery
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2018Co-Authors: Carlos A Floresgomez, Eleazar Escamilla M Silva, Leonardo Da Costa Sousa, Venkatesh Balan, Cheng ZhongAbstract:Agave-based alcoholic beverage companies generate thousands of tons of solid residues per year in Mexico. These agave residues might be used for biofuel production due to their abundance and favorable sustainability characteristics. In this work, agave leaf and bagasse residues from species Agave tequilana and Agave salmiana were subjected to pretreatment using the ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) process. The pretreatment conditions were optimized using a response surface design methodology. We also identified commercial enzyme mixtures that maximize sugar yields for AFEX-pretreated agave bagasse and leaf matter, at ~ 6% glucan (w/w) loading enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, the pretreated agave hydrolysates (at a total solids loading of ~ 20%) were used for ethanol fermentation using the glucose- and xylose-consuming strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST), to determine ethanol yields at industrially relevant conditions. Low-severity AFEX pretreatment conditions are required (100–120 °C) to enable efficient enzymatic deconstruction of the agave cell wall. These studies showed that AFEX-pretreated A. tequilana bagasse, A. tequilana leaf fiber, and A. salmiana bagasse gave ~ 85% sugar conversion during enzyme hydrolysis and over 90% metabolic yields of ethanol during fermentation without any washing step or nutrient supplementation. On the other hand, although lignocellulosic A. salmiana leaf gave high sugar conversions, the hydrolysate could not be fermented at high solids loadings, apparently due to the presence of natural inhibitory compounds. These results show that AFEX-pretreated agave residues can be effectively hydrolyzed at high solids loading using an optimized commercial enzyme cocktail (at 25 mg protein/g glucan) producing > 85% sugar conversions and over 40 g/L bioethanol titers. These results show that AFEX technology has considerable potential to convert lignocellulosic agave residues to bio-based fuels and chemicals in a biorefinery.
I Suelves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sustainable production of Liquid Biofuels and value added platform chemicals by hydrodeoxygenation of lignocellulosic bio oil over a carbon neutral mo2c cnf catalyst
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021Co-Authors: Javier Remon, Marina Casales, Jesus Gracia, Maria Soledad Callen, J L Pinilla, I SuelvesAbstract:Abstract For the first time, this work addresses the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignocellulosic bio-oil over a carbon–neutral Mo2C/CNF catalyst for the production of Liquid Biofuels and value-added chemicals, thoroughly examining the effect of the temperature, initial H2 pressure, reaction time and catalyst/bio-oil ratio. These variables had a significant influence on the process, allowing the transformation of the original bio-oil into different fractions in varying yields, including an upgraded bio-oil (17–72%), a solid product (4–44%), an aqueous phase (5–39%) and a gaseous stream (1–15%). The upgraded bio-oil comprised a mix of phenols (56–78%), cyclic ketones (7–30%), carboxylic acids (2–8%), esters (0–9%) and aromatic compounds (0–20%). The relative amounts of C, H and O of this product shifted by 34–78 wt%, 3–8 wt% and 13–62 wt%, while its HHV ranged between 9 and 35 MJ/kg. Process optimisation revealed that using a temperature of 350 °C, an initial H2 pressure of 40 bar and 0.19 g cat/g bio-oil for 1 h, it was possible to convert 65% of the organic content of the bio-oil into a Liquid bio-fuel with a HHV of 30 MJ/kg (twice the value of the original feedstock), which represents a deoxygenation degree of 70% and an energy efficiency of 62%. Besides, all the bio-oil organic content can be converted into a Liquid product with a high proportion of phenols (79%) at 250 °C, applying an initial H2 pressure of 20 bar and 0.14 g cat/g bio-oil for around 0.5 h. This Liquid can be used as a sustainable phenolic-rich antioxidant additive as well as a bio-based source of aromatic compounds. Therefore, these results are a step forward in the biomass conversion over carbon–neutral catalysts.
Javier Remon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sustainable production of Liquid Biofuels and value added platform chemicals by hydrodeoxygenation of lignocellulosic bio oil over a carbon neutral mo2c cnf catalyst
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021Co-Authors: Javier Remon, Marina Casales, Jesus Gracia, Maria Soledad Callen, J L Pinilla, I SuelvesAbstract:Abstract For the first time, this work addresses the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignocellulosic bio-oil over a carbon–neutral Mo2C/CNF catalyst for the production of Liquid Biofuels and value-added chemicals, thoroughly examining the effect of the temperature, initial H2 pressure, reaction time and catalyst/bio-oil ratio. These variables had a significant influence on the process, allowing the transformation of the original bio-oil into different fractions in varying yields, including an upgraded bio-oil (17–72%), a solid product (4–44%), an aqueous phase (5–39%) and a gaseous stream (1–15%). The upgraded bio-oil comprised a mix of phenols (56–78%), cyclic ketones (7–30%), carboxylic acids (2–8%), esters (0–9%) and aromatic compounds (0–20%). The relative amounts of C, H and O of this product shifted by 34–78 wt%, 3–8 wt% and 13–62 wt%, while its HHV ranged between 9 and 35 MJ/kg. Process optimisation revealed that using a temperature of 350 °C, an initial H2 pressure of 40 bar and 0.19 g cat/g bio-oil for 1 h, it was possible to convert 65% of the organic content of the bio-oil into a Liquid bio-fuel with a HHV of 30 MJ/kg (twice the value of the original feedstock), which represents a deoxygenation degree of 70% and an energy efficiency of 62%. Besides, all the bio-oil organic content can be converted into a Liquid product with a high proportion of phenols (79%) at 250 °C, applying an initial H2 pressure of 20 bar and 0.14 g cat/g bio-oil for around 0.5 h. This Liquid can be used as a sustainable phenolic-rich antioxidant additive as well as a bio-based source of aromatic compounds. Therefore, these results are a step forward in the biomass conversion over carbon–neutral catalysts.
Cheng Tung Chong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Liquid Biofuels production and emissions performance in gas turbines a review
Energy Conversion and Management, 2018Co-Authors: Mengchoung Chiong, Cheng Tung Chong, Su Shiung Lam, Manhvu Tran, W W F Chong, Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar, Agustin ValeramedinaAbstract:The increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy sources provides the impetus for the development of alternative fuels. Recent development of fuel-flexible gas turbine technologies enables the use of alternative non-fossil fuels that could play key roles in contributing to the global efforts in meeting emissions targets. This review highlights the current state-of-the-art production and properties of alternative fuels such as straight vegetable oil (SVO), biodiesel, bioethanol, bio-oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuel. This is followed by the evaluation of combustion performances in gas turbines. All of the alternative Liquid Biofuels have shown their potentials in reducing regulated emissions such as NOx, CO and soot under favourable operating conditions. Both HVO and FT fuels show comparable performance as that of jet fuel and can be used in aviation gas turbines, although the present day high production cost restricts the large-scale adoption, limiting its utility. They also have considerably higher cetane number than the rest, making it easier for the fuel to ignite. As for stationary power generation gas turbines that need not carry payloads, the other four alternative Biofuels of biodiesel, bioethanol, bio-oil and SVO are possible candidates despite the physics-chemical properties variations when compared to fossil fuels. Amongst them, the use of SVO and bio-oil in gas turbines would require the parallel development of fuel supply systems and atomisation technologies to improve the combustion of the fuels. In all, the alternative Liquid fuels reviewed provides realistic opportunities for cleaner and more sustainable operation of aviation and power generation gas turbines. Profound understanding on the fundamental combustion characteristics of the fuels are essential to expedite their mass adoption in gas turbine applications.
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production of Liquid Biofuels biodiesel and bioethanol from brown marine macroalgae padina tetrastromatica
Energy Conversion and Management, 2017Co-Authors: Veeramuthu Ashokkumar, Mohd Razman Salim, Zainal Salam, Pandian Sivakumar, Cheng Tung Chong, Sanniyasi Elumalai, Veeraperumal Suresh, Farid Nasir AniAbstract:Abstract In this study, an integrated biomass conversion concept of producing Liquid Biofuels from brown marine macroalga Padina tetrastromatica was investigated. The algal biomass was collected from the Mandapam coastal region and processed under laboratory. Various parameters were studied to extract crude lipids from the biomass. A kinetic study was conducted for extracting the lipids from the biomass, which follows the first order kinetics and the lipid yield was 8.15 wt.%. The activation energy; Ea = 34.314 kJ mol−1 and their thermodynamic parameters were determined. Since the crude algal lipids contain high amount of free fatty acids, a sequential transesterification technique was examined and 7.8% of biodiesel (78 mg/g algal biomass) yield was obtained. The biodiesel was analyzed by 1H and 13C–NMR spectroscopy and the conversion yield was estimated. Further, the biodiesel fuel properties were investigated and found that all the features fit the required ASTM D6751 specification limits. The residual biomass after lipid extraction was further explored for bioethanol production through the anaerobic fermentation process. The ethanol yield obtained after saccharification and fermentation were estimated and 161 mg/g residue biomass was reported. The theoretical yield of conversion of hydrolysate to bioethanol was estimated and found to be 83.4%. Therefore, this study demonstrates that macroalga P. tetrastromatica biomass has great potential to produce Liquid Biofuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol.
Carlos A Floresgomez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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conversion of lignocellulosic agave residues into Liquid Biofuels using an afex based biorefinery
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2018Co-Authors: Carlos A Floresgomez, Eleazar Escamilla M Silva, Leonardo Da Costa Sousa, Venkatesh Balan, Cheng ZhongAbstract:Agave-based alcoholic beverage companies generate thousands of tons of solid residues per year in Mexico. These agave residues might be used for biofuel production due to their abundance and favorable sustainability characteristics. In this work, agave leaf and bagasse residues from species Agave tequilana and Agave salmiana were subjected to pretreatment using the ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) process. The pretreatment conditions were optimized using a response surface design methodology. We also identified commercial enzyme mixtures that maximize sugar yields for AFEX-pretreated agave bagasse and leaf matter, at ~ 6% glucan (w/w) loading enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, the pretreated agave hydrolysates (at a total solids loading of ~ 20%) were used for ethanol fermentation using the glucose- and xylose-consuming strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST), to determine ethanol yields at industrially relevant conditions. Low-severity AFEX pretreatment conditions are required (100–120 °C) to enable efficient enzymatic deconstruction of the agave cell wall. These studies showed that AFEX-pretreated A. tequilana bagasse, A. tequilana leaf fiber, and A. salmiana bagasse gave ~ 85% sugar conversion during enzyme hydrolysis and over 90% metabolic yields of ethanol during fermentation without any washing step or nutrient supplementation. On the other hand, although lignocellulosic A. salmiana leaf gave high sugar conversions, the hydrolysate could not be fermented at high solids loadings, apparently due to the presence of natural inhibitory compounds. These results show that AFEX-pretreated agave residues can be effectively hydrolyzed at high solids loading using an optimized commercial enzyme cocktail (at 25 mg protein/g glucan) producing > 85% sugar conversions and over 40 g/L bioethanol titers. These results show that AFEX technology has considerable potential to convert lignocellulosic agave residues to bio-based fuels and chemicals in a biorefinery.
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conversion of lignocellulosic agave residues into Liquid Biofuels using an afex based biorefinery
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2018Co-Authors: Carlos A Floresgomez, Eleazar Escamilla M Silva, Leonardo Da Costa Sousa, Venkatesh Balan, Cheng ZhongAbstract:Agave-based alcoholic beverage companies generate thousands of tons of solid residues per year in Mexico. These agave residues might be used for biofuel production due to their abundance and favorable sustainability characteristics. In this work, agave leaf and bagasse residues from species Agave tequilana and Agave salmiana were subjected to pretreatment using the ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) process. The pretreatment conditions were optimized using a response surface design methodology. We also identified commercial enzyme mixtures that maximize sugar yields for AFEX-pretreated agave bagasse and leaf matter, at ~ 6% glucan (w/w) loading enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, the pretreated agave hydrolysates (at a total solids loading of ~ 20%) were used for ethanol fermentation using the glucose- and xylose-consuming strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST), to determine ethanol yields at industrially relevant conditions. Low-severity AFEX pretreatment conditions are required (100–120 °C) to enable efficient enzymatic deconstruction of the agave cell wall. These studies showed that AFEX-pretreated A. tequilana bagasse, A. tequilana leaf fiber, and A. salmiana bagasse gave ~ 85% sugar conversion during enzyme hydrolysis and over 90% metabolic yields of ethanol during fermentation without any washing step or nutrient supplementation. On the other hand, although lignocellulosic A. salmiana leaf gave high sugar conversions, the hydrolysate could not be fermented at high solids loadings, apparently due to the presence of natural inhibitory compounds. These results show that AFEX-pretreated agave residues can be effectively hydrolyzed at high solids loading using an optimized commercial enzyme cocktail (at 25 mg protein/g glucan) producing > 85% sugar conversions and over 40 g/L bioethanol titers. These results show that AFEX technology has considerable potential to convert lignocellulosic agave residues to bio-based fuels and chemicals in a biorefinery.