The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
K.v. Padmaja - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
conversion of calotropis procera biocrude to Liquid Fuels using thermal and catalytic cracking
Fuel, 2009Co-Authors: K.v. Padmaja, N Atheya, A K Bhatnagar, K K SinghAbstract:Abstract With the fast depletion of petroleum reserves, renewable resources like biomass are acquiring great significance. Calotropis procera , a laticiferous arid plant is identified as a potential petrocrop. The dried biomass of C. procera was subjected to non-polar (n-heptane) solvent extraction. Biocrude so obtained is a rich source of tri terpenoid type of hydrocarbons. The biocrude was upgraded to useful Liquid Fuels using different conversion processes such as thermal and catalytic cracking (fluid catalytic cracking, FCC). The temperature, pressure and reaction time maintained during thermal conversions were 430 and 460 °C; 1.2 and 0.2 MPa; and 15 and 30 min, respectively. Catalytic cracking was carried out in continuous mode micro reactor varying the catalyst to feed ratio (3–7.03) and temperature (460–520 °C) aiming at maximization of lighter fractions (up to diesel range). High conversions (up to 92%) were obtained using FCC as compared to thermal process (57.7%). The HPLC analysis of the Liquid Fuels indicated that thermal cracking yielded a better quality fuel compared to FCC. The fuel obtained by FCC was found to contain large proportions of aromatics and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).
-
Upgrading of biomass constituents to Liquid Fuels
Fuel, 1993Co-Authors: Virendra K. Bhatia, K.v. Padmaja, S. Kamra, J. Singh, Rajendra P. BadoniAbstract:To develop energy crops for Liquid Fuels, non-polar constituents (biocrudes) from indigenous laticiferous species (Euphorbia antiquorum, E. antisyphilitica, E. caducifolia, E. neriifolia, E. nivulia, E. royleana, Calotropis procera, C. gigantea and Cryptostegia grandiflora) were subjected to fixed-bed catalytic cracking using a commercial catalyst. The possibility of utilizing part of naphtha, one of the products of the conversion process, for the recovery of biocrude was also explored.
Jiaping Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
thermochemical conversion of triglycerides for production of drop in Liquid Fuels
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Junming Xu, Jianchun Jiang, Jiaping ZhaoAbstract:The increasing demand for transportation Fuels, coupled with the depletion of petroleum resources and growing environmental concerns necessitates the development of efficient conversion technologies for the production of bioFuels. Thermochemical approaches hold great promise for converting biomass into Liquid Fuels in one step using heat and catalysis. Several thermochemical processes are employed in the production of Liquid bioFuels depending on the target product properties: 1) direct thermal conversion; 2) catalytic cracking; 3) hydrodeoxygenation of plant oils and animal fats. Since enormous quantities of Liquid Fuels are consumed by transport vehicles, converting biomass into drop-in Liquid Fuels may reduce the dependence of the fuel market on petroleum-based fuel products. In this review, we summarize recent progress in technologies for large-scale direct thermochemical production of drop-in bioFuels. We focus on the technical aspects critical to commercialization of the technologies for production of drop-in Fuels from triglycerides, including cracking catalysts, catalytic cracking mechanisms, catalytic reactors, and biofuel properties. We also discuss future prospects for direct thermochemical conversion in biorefineries for the production of high grade bioFuels.
Susanne B Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
development of hydrothermal liquefaction and upgrading technologies for lipid extracted algae conversion to Liquid Fuels
Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts, 2013Co-Authors: Yunhua Zhu, Karl O Albrecht, Douglas C Elliott, Richard T Hallen, Susanne B JonesAbstract:Abstract Bench-scale tests were performed for lipid-extracted microalgae (LEA) conversion to Liquid Fuels via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and upgrading processes. Process simulation and economic analysis for a large-scale LEA HTL and upgrading system were developed based on the best available experimental results. The system assumed an LEA feed rate of 608 dry metric tons/day and that the feedstock was converted to a crude HTL bio-oil and further upgraded via hydrotreating and hydrocracking to produce Liquid Fuels, mainly alkanes. Performance and cost results demonstrated that HTL and upgrading is effective for converting LEA to Liquid Fuels. The Liquid Fuels annual yield was estimated to be 26.9 million gallon gasoline-equivalent (GGE) and the overall energy efficiency on a higher heating value (HHV) basis was estimated to be 69.5%. The variation range of the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) was estimated to be $2.07 to $7.11/GGE by combining the effects of selected process factors. Key factors affecting the production cost were identified to be the LEA feedstock cost, final products yields, and the upgrading equipment cost. The impact of plant scale on MFSP was also investigated.
-
municipal solid waste msw to Liquid Fuels synthesis volume 1 availability of feedstock and technology
2008Co-Authors: Corinne Valkenburt, Susanne B Jones, Christie W Walton, Becky L Thompson, Mark A Gerber, Don J StevensAbstract:This report investigated the potential of using municipal solid waste (MSW) to make synthesis gas (syngas) suitable for production of Liquid Fuels. Issues examined include: • MSW physical and chemical properties affecting its suitability as a gasifier feedstock and for Liquid Fuels synthesis • expected process scale required for favorable economics • the availability of MSW in quantities sufficient to meet process scale requirements • the state-of-the-art of MSW gasification technology.
Jorge Gascon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
catalysis engineering of bifunctional solids for the one step synthesis of Liquid Fuels from syngas a review
Catalysis Science & Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Sina Sartipi, Michiel Makkee, Freek Kapteijn, Jorge GasconAbstract:The combination of acidic zeolites and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts for one-step production of Liquid Fuels from syngas is critically reviewed. Bifunctional systems are classified by the proximity between FTS and acid functionalities on three levels: reactor, catalyst particle, and active phase. A thorough analysis of the published literature on this topic reveals that efficiency in the production of Liquid Fuels correlates well with the proximity of FTS and acid sites. Moreover, possible side reactions over the FTS metal, including direct CO hydrogenation and hydrocarbon hydrogenolysis, are addressed. The contribution of these side reactions should carefully be considered and separated from that of the zeolite function when evaluating the performance and product spectrum of zeolite-containing catalysts.
K K Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
conversion of calotropis procera biocrude to Liquid Fuels using thermal and catalytic cracking
Fuel, 2009Co-Authors: K.v. Padmaja, N Atheya, A K Bhatnagar, K K SinghAbstract:Abstract With the fast depletion of petroleum reserves, renewable resources like biomass are acquiring great significance. Calotropis procera , a laticiferous arid plant is identified as a potential petrocrop. The dried biomass of C. procera was subjected to non-polar (n-heptane) solvent extraction. Biocrude so obtained is a rich source of tri terpenoid type of hydrocarbons. The biocrude was upgraded to useful Liquid Fuels using different conversion processes such as thermal and catalytic cracking (fluid catalytic cracking, FCC). The temperature, pressure and reaction time maintained during thermal conversions were 430 and 460 °C; 1.2 and 0.2 MPa; and 15 and 30 min, respectively. Catalytic cracking was carried out in continuous mode micro reactor varying the catalyst to feed ratio (3–7.03) and temperature (460–520 °C) aiming at maximization of lighter fractions (up to diesel range). High conversions (up to 92%) were obtained using FCC as compared to thermal process (57.7%). The HPLC analysis of the Liquid Fuels indicated that thermal cracking yielded a better quality fuel compared to FCC. The fuel obtained by FCC was found to contain large proportions of aromatics and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).