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Paolo Guasoni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fragility of arbitrage and bubbles in Local Martingale diffusion models
Finance and Stochastics, 2015Co-Authors: Paolo Guasoni, Miklós RásonyiAbstract:For any positive diffusion with minimal regularity, there exists a semiMartingale with uniformly close paths that is a Martingale under an equivalent probability. As a result, in models of asset prices based on such diffusions, arbitrage and bubbles alike disappear under proportional transaction costs or under small model mis-specifications. Thus, Local Martingale diffusion models of arbitrage and bubbles are not robust to small trading and monitoring frictions.
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fragility of Local Martingale diffusion models of arbitrage and bubbles
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Paolo Guasoni, Miklós RásonyiAbstract:For any positive diffusion with minimal regularity, there exists a semiMartingale, with uniformly close paths, which is a Martingale under an equivalent probability. As a result, in models of asset prices based on such diffusions, arbitrage and bubbles alike disappear under proportional transaction costs, or under small model misspecifications. Thus, Local Martingale models of arbitrage and bubbles are not robust to small trading and monitoring frictions.
Miklós Rásonyi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fragility of arbitrage and bubbles in Local Martingale diffusion models
Finance and Stochastics, 2015Co-Authors: Paolo Guasoni, Miklós RásonyiAbstract:For any positive diffusion with minimal regularity, there exists a semiMartingale with uniformly close paths that is a Martingale under an equivalent probability. As a result, in models of asset prices based on such diffusions, arbitrage and bubbles alike disappear under proportional transaction costs or under small model mis-specifications. Thus, Local Martingale diffusion models of arbitrage and bubbles are not robust to small trading and monitoring frictions.
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fragility of Local Martingale diffusion models of arbitrage and bubbles
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Paolo Guasoni, Miklós RásonyiAbstract:For any positive diffusion with minimal regularity, there exists a semiMartingale, with uniformly close paths, which is a Martingale under an equivalent probability. As a result, in models of asset prices based on such diffusions, arbitrage and bubbles alike disappear under proportional transaction costs, or under small model misspecifications. Thus, Local Martingale models of arbitrage and bubbles are not robust to small trading and monitoring frictions.
Robert A Jarrow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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testing the Local Martingale theory of bubbles using cryptocurrencies
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Soon Hyeok Choi, Robert A JarrowAbstract:Cryptocurrencies provide the ideal and natural experimental setting to test the Local Martingale theory of bubbles, because they have no cash flows. Using this theory, we test for the existence of price bubbles in eight cryptocurrencies from January 1, 2019 to July 17, 2019. The cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin (BTC), Litecoin (LTC), Ethereum (ETH), Ripple (XRP), Bitcoin Cash (BCH), EOS (EOS), Monero (XMR), and Zcash (ZEC). A novel, simple, and robust testing methodology is created to facilitate this estimation. During this time frame, five of the eight currencies (BTC, BCH, EOS, XMR, ZEC) exhibit price bubbles, Litecoin does not, and the evidence for Ethereum and Ripple is inconclusive. The paper provides strong evidence for the prevalence of bubbles in cryptocurrencies and supports the feasibility of applying the Local Martingale theory of bubbles to various asset classes.
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informational efficiency under short sale constraints
Social Science Research Network, 2013Co-Authors: Robert A Jarrow, Martin LarssonAbstract:A constrained informationally efficient market is defined to be one whose price process arises as the outcome of some equilibrium where agents face restrictions on trade. This paper investigates the case of short sale constraints, a setting which despite its simplicity, generates new insights. In particular, it is shown that short sale constrained informationally efficient markets always admit equivalent superMartingale measures and Local Martingale deflators, but not necessarily Local Martingale measures. And if in addition some Local Martingale deflator turns the price process into a true Martingale, then the market is informationally efficient. Examples are given to illustrate the subtle phenomena that can arise in the presence of short sale constraints, with particular attention to representative agent equilibria and the different notions of no arbitrage.
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asset price bubbles in incomplete markets
Social Science Research Network, 2007Co-Authors: Robert A Jarrow, Philip Protter, Kazuhiro ShimboAbstract:This paper studies asset price bubbles in a continuous time model using the Local Martingale framework. Providing careful definitions of the asset's market and fundamental price, we characterize all possible price bubbles in an incomplete market satisfying the "no free lunch with vanishing risk (NFLVR)" and "no dominance" assumptions. We show that the two leading models for bubbles as either charges or as strict Local Martingales, respectively, are equivalent. We propose a new theory for bubble birth which involves a nontrivial modification of the classical Martingale pricing framework. This modification involves the market exhibiting different Local Martingale measures across time - a possibility not previously explored within the classical theory. Finally, we investigate the pricing of derivative securities in the presence of asset price bubbles, and we show that: (i) European put options can have no bubbles, (ii) European call options and discounted forward prices have bubbles whose magnitudes are related to the asset's price bubble, (iii) with no dividends, American call options may be exercised early, (iv) European put-call parity in market prices must always hold, regardless of bubbles, and (v) futures price bubbles can exist and they are independent of the underlying asset's price bubble. Many of these results stand in contrast to those of the classical theory. We propose, but do not implement, some new tests for the existence of asset price bubbles using derivative securities.
Hao Xing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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valuation equations for stochastic volatility models
2012Co-Authors: Erhan Bayraktar, Constantinos Kardaras, Hao XingAbstract:We analyze the valuation partial differential equation for European contingent claims in a general framework of stochastic volatility models where the diffusion coefficients may grow faster than linearly and degenerate on the boundaries of the state space. We allow for various types of model behavior: the volatility process in our model can potentially reach zero and either stay there or instantaneously reflect, and the asset-price process may be a strict Local Martingale. Our main result is a necessary and sufficient condition on the uniqueness of classical solutions to the valuation equation: the value function is the unique nonnegative classical solution to the valuation equation among functions with at most linear growth if and only if the asset-price is a Martingale.
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strict Local Martingale deflators and valuing american call type options
Social Science Research Network, 2010Co-Authors: Erhan Bayraktar, Constantinos Kardaras, Hao XingAbstract:We solve the problem of valuing and optimal exercise of American call-type options in markets which do not necessarily admit an equivalent Local Martingale measure. This resolves an open question proposed by Karatzas and Fernholz (Handbook of Numerical Analysis, vol. 15, pp. 89–167, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2009).
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strict Local Martingale deflators and pricing american call type options
Research Papers in Economics, 2009Co-Authors: Erhan Bayraktar, Constantinos Kardaras, Hao XingAbstract:We solve the problem of pricing and optimal exercise of American call-type options in markets which do not necessarily admit an equivalent Local Martingale measure. This resolves an open question proposed by Fernholz and Karatzas [Stochastic Portfolio Theory: A Survey, Handbook of Numerical Analysis, 15:89-168, 2009].
Shiqi Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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No arbitrage of the first kind and Local Martingale numéraires
Finance and Stochastics, 2016Co-Authors: Yuri Kabanov, Constantinos Kardaras, Shiqi SongAbstract:A superMartingale deflator (resp. Local Martingale deflator) multiplicatively transforms nonnegative wealth processes into superMartingales (resp. Local Martingales). A superMartingale numeraire (resp. Local Martingale numeraire) is a wealth process whose reciprocal is a superMartingale deflator (resp. Local Martingale deflator). It has been established in previous works that absence of arbitrage of the first kind (\(\mbox{NA}_{1}\)) is equivalent to the existence of the (unique) superMartingale numeraire, and further equivalent to the existence of a strictly positive Local Martingale deflator; however, under \(\mbox{NA}_{1}\), a Local Martingale numeraire may fail to exist. In this work, we establish that under \(\mbox{NA}_{1}\), a superMartingale numeraire under the original probability \(P\) becomes a Local Martingale numeraire for equivalent probabilities arbitrarily close to \(P\) in the total variation distance.
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Local Martingale deflators for asset processes stopped at a default time s tau or right before s tau
Research Papers in Economics, 2016Co-Authors: Shiqi SongAbstract:Let $\mathbb{F}\subset \mathbb{G}$ be two filtrations and $S$ be a $\mathbb{F}$ semiMartingale possessing a $\mathbb{F}$ Local Martingale deflator. Consider $\tau$ a $\mathbb{G}$ stopping time. We study the problem whether $S^{\tau-}$ or $S^{\tau}$ can have $\mathbb{G}$ Local Martingale deflators. A suitable theoretical framework is set up in this paper, within which necessary/sufficient conditions for the problem to be solved have been proved. Under these conditions, we will construct $\mathbb{G}$ Local Martingale deflators for $S^{\tau-}$ or for $S^{\tau}$. Among others, it is proved that $\mathbb{G}$ Local Martingale deflators are multiples of $\mathbb{F}$ Local Martingale deflators, with a multiplicator coming from the multiplicative decomposition of the Az\'ema superMartingale of $\tau$. The proofs of the necessary/sufficient conditions require various results to be established about Az\'ema superMartingale, about Local Martingale deflator, about filtration enlargement, which are interesting in themselves. Our study is based on a filtration enlargement setting. For applications, it is important to have a method to infer the existence of such setting from the knowledge of the market information. This question is discussed at the end of the paper.
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No arbitrage and Local Martingale deflators
arXiv: Probability, 2015Co-Authors: Yuri Kabanov, Constantinos Kardaras, Shiqi SongAbstract:A superMartingale deflator (resp., Local Martingale deflator) multiplicatively transforms nonnegative wealth processes into superMartingales (resp., Local Martingales). The superMartingale numeraire (resp., Local Martingale numeraire) is the wealth processes whose reciprocal is a superMartingale deflator (resp., Local Martingale deflator). It has been established in previous literature that absence of arbitrage of the first kind (NA1) is equivalent to existence of the superMartingale numeraire, and further equivalent to existence of a strictly positive Local Martingale deflator; however, under NA1, the Local Martingale numeraire may fail to exist. In this work, we establish that, under NA1, any total-variation neighbourhood of the original probability has an equivalent probability under which the Local Martingale numeraire exists. This result, available previously only for single risky-asset models, is in striking resemblance with the fact that any total-variation neighbourhood of a separating measure contains an equivalent $\sigma$-Martingale measure. The presentation of our main result is relatively self-contained, including a proof of existence of the superMartingale numeraire under NA1. We further show that, if the Levy measures of the asset-price process have finite support, NA1 is equivalent to existence of the Local Martingale numeraire with respect to the original probability.
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Local Martingale deflators for asset processes stopped at a default time s mathfrak t or just before s mathfrak t
2014Co-Authors: Shiqi SongAbstract:Let $\mathbb{F}\subset \mathbb{G}$ be two filtrations and $S$ be a $\mathbb{F}$ semiMartingale possessing a $\mathbb{F}$ Local Martingale deflator. Consider $\tau$ a $\mathbb{G}$ stopping time. We study the problem whether $S^{\tau-}$ or $S^{\tau}$ can have $\mathbb{G}$ Local Martingale deflators. A suitable theoretical framework is set up in this paper, within which necessary/sufficient conditions for the problem to be solved have been proved. Under these conditions, we will construct $\mathbb{G}$ Local Martingale deflators for $S^{\tau-}$ or for $S^{\tau}$. Among others, it is proved that $\mathbb{G}$ Local Martingale deflators are multiples of $\mathbb{F}$ Local Martingale deflators, with a multiplicator coming from the multiplicative decomposition of the Azema superMartingale of $\tau$. The proofs of the necessary/sufficient conditions require various results to be established about Azema superMartingale, about Local Martingale deflator, about filtration enlargement, which are interesting in themselves. Our study is based on a filtration enlargement setting. For applications, it is important to have a method to infer the existence of such setting from the knowledge of the market information. This question is discussed at the end of the paper.
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an explicit model of default time with given survival probability
Stochastic Processes and their Applications, 2011Co-Authors: Monique Jeanblanc, Shiqi SongAbstract:For a given filtered probability space , an -adapted continuous increasing process [Lambda] and a positive - Local Martingale N such that [Lambda]0=0 and Nte-[Lambda]t