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A. S. Ekop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changes in Amino Acid Composition of African Yam Beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpas) and African Locust Beans (Parkia filicoida) on Cooking
2015Co-Authors: A. S. EkopAbstract:Abstract: Amino acid composition of raw and cooked African yam Beans and African Locust Beans have been determined. The results showed that cooked or raw Beans contained all the amino acid commonly found in protein food materials. Cooking has significant effect on some essential amino acid contents of the two seeds (P>0.05). When the samples were cooked, the essential amino acid content of African yam Beans and African Locust Beans were observed to change from 1.12 to 0.97g per 16g N and from 1.69 to 1.79g/16g N respectively. African Locust Beans showed isoleucine and threonine to be its limiting amino acids. Their values increased slightly on cooking from 2.27 to 2.31(African yam Beans) and from 2.91 to 3.33g per 16g N(African Locust Beans). The advanced amino acid profile of the two cooked seed samples compares favourably with whole hen’s egg and most of them meet the daily requirement of FAO and WHO. The amounts of lysine, proline and glutamic acids amounts reduces cooking any of the two studied Beans, while the remaining amino acids showed slight but varied percentage changes on cooking. Results are also compared with literature values for other contemporary plant seeds and legumes. The two seeds are projected as alternative sources of cheap food protein. Key words: African yam Beans, African Locust Beans, amino aci
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changes in amino acid composition of african yam Beans sphenostylis stenocarpas and african Locust Beans parkia filicoida on cooking
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2006Co-Authors: A. S. EkopAbstract:Amino acid composition of raw and cooked African yam Beans and African Locust Beans have been determined. The results showed that cooked or raw Beans contained all the amino acid commonly found in protein food materials. Cooking has significant effect on some essential amino acid contents of the two seeds (P>0.05). When the samples were cooked, the essential amino acid content of African yam Beans and African Locust Beans were observed to change from 1.12 to 0.97g per 16g N and from 1.69 to 1.79g/16g N respectively. African Locust Beans showed isoleucine and threonine to be its limiting amino acids. Their values increased slightly on cooking from 2.27 to 2.31(African yam Beans) and from 2.91 to 3.33g per 16g N(African Locust Beans). The advanced amino acid profile of the two cooked seed samples compares favourably with whole hen’s egg and most of them meet the daily requirement of FAO and WHO. The amounts of lysine, proline and glutamic acids amounts reduces cooking any of the two studied Beans, while the remaining amino acids showed slight but varied percentage changes on cooking. Results are also compared with literature values for other contemporary plant seeds and legumes. The two seeds are projected as alternative sources of cheap food protein.
M H Bot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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response of broiler chickens to graded levels of Locust Beans parkia biglobosa pulp meal
Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 2020Co-Authors: F O Abeke, G S Bawa, M H BotAbstract:Two hundred and twenty five, day-old Arbour Acre broiler birds were use to investigate the effect of graded dietary levels of Parkia biglobosa pulp meal (PBPM) on the performance, haematological and carcass parameters of the birds from 0-8 weeks of age. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain PBPM at 0,10,20, 30 and 40 percent respectively making a total of 5 treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times with 15 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Records taken included weekly weight changes and weekly feed intake. There was no record of mortality throughout the duration of the experiment. Results obtained showed a decrease in the bird’s performance as the dietary levels of the pulp increased. The final weight (g/b) and weight gain (g/b/day) decreased from 2122 and 33.91 for the control to 1309 and 20.97 for the 40% inclusion level of PBPM meal respectively However birds placed on 10% dietary level had a performance that were not significantly (P>0.05) different from those placed on the control diet which were on standard broiler starter and finisher rations. Also it was observed that values obtained for the haematological parameters fall within the range often reported for healthy birds indicating that the pulp did not impart any deleterious effect on the health of the birds. It can be concluded that broiler chickens can be fed up to 10% dietary level of PBPM without adverse effect on the performance of the birds. Keywords : Parkia pulp, Dietary levels ,Broiler chickens, Performance
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replacement value of maize with african Locust Beans parkia biglobosa pulp meal on performance haematological and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens
Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 2013Co-Authors: M H Bot, G S Bawa, F O AbekeAbstract:Two hundred and twenty five Marshal broiler chicks were used to investigate the effect of replacing maize with Parkia biglobosa pulp on performance, haematological and carcass characterics of broiler chicken. Five diets were formulated. Diet 1 which served as the control was a normal broiler starter and finisher diet, respectively. Diets 2-5 had maize replaced at 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent, respectively. The birds were housed under the deep litter system. Feed and water were given ad libitum throughout the duration of the experiment. Each of the diet represented a treatment and each treatment was replicated three times with 15 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. The study lasted for 8 weeks. Results obtained indicated that broilers can tolerate up to 25% replacement of maize with Parkia pulp without adverse effect on the performance, haematological and carcass characteristics of the birds. Key words : Parkia pulp, broiler chickens, carcass, haematological parameters, performance.
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evaluation of african Locust Beans parkia biglobosa pulp for broiler chickens as an energy source
2011Co-Authors: M H BotAbstract:A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARDOF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN ANIMAL SCIENCE. DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
Mai A. Selim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization of germination callus induction and cell suspension culture of african Locust Beans parkia biglobosa jacq benth
Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 2018Co-Authors: Mohamed S. Abbas, Amira Sh. Soliman, Hattem M Elshabrawi, Mai A. SelimAbstract:Abstract The present study was carried out to determine the best pre-sowing treatments that can enhance the germination and seedling growth of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Also, to establish and long-term maintenance of calli and cell suspension cultures . The result of various pre-sowing treatments showed that seeds soaked in concentrated H2SO4 treatment appeared the highest germination percentage, higher value of plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and stem girth. The MS medium containing 1mg/l 2, 4-D was the best for callus induction of stem explants. The addition of 50 mg /l citric acid to the MS medium was effective for reducing browning of callus than other treatments. However, the viability percent recorded the maximum (87.76%) on the 9th day while the concentration of viable cells per ml reached the higher record (137.5 viable cell/ml) at the 12th and cell viability remains (≈ 68.39%) throughout 18 days of culture
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Optimization of germination, callus induction, and cell suspension culture of African Locust Beans Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth
Elsevier, 2018Co-Authors: Mohamed S. Abbas, Hattem M. El-shabrawi, Amira Sh. Soliman, Mai A. SelimAbstract:The present study was carried out to determine the best pre-sowing treatments that can enhance the germination and seedling growth of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Also, to establish and long-term maintenance of calli and cell suspension cultures . The result of various pre-sowing treatments showed that seeds soaked in concentrated H2SO4 treatment appeared the highest germination percentage, higher value of plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and stem girth. The MS medium containing 1mg/l 2, 4-D was the best for callus induction of stem explants. The addition of 50 mg /l citric acid to the MS medium was effective for reducing browning of callus than other treatments. However, the viability percent recorded the maximum (87.76%) on the 9th day while the concentration of viable cells per ml reached the higher record (137.5 viable cell/ml) at the 12th and cell viability remains (≈ 68.39%) throughout 18 days of culture Keywords: Parkia biglobosa, Seed germination, Callus induction, Cell suspensio
Jacob, Charles Stanley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Charles Stanley Jacob to Horace Kephart, June 26, 1919
Hunter Library Digital Collections Western Carolina University Cullowhee NC 28723;, 2018Co-Authors: Jacob, Charles StanleyAbstract:In a letter to Horace Kephart on June 26, 1919, Charles Stanley Jacob apologizes for his delayed reply and advertises yerba mate tea. To increase the flavor of the tea, Mr. Jacob recommends Kephart mix ¼ pound of Asiatic tea with 1 pound of yerba mate tea. He makes inquiries regarding Kephart’s camping experience and mentions he is a member of the Rocky Mountain Climber’s Club.CHAS. W. JACOB & ALLISON CABLE ADDRESS: "LOXRULE—NEW YORK" Codes Used i A. B. C. 4TH AND 5th EDITIONS NO. 18 CEDAR STREET NEW YORK Chas. W. Jacob wm. M. Allison June 26,19*9. IMPORTERS of FOREIGN PRODUCTS SPECIALTIES GLYPHO (SUBSTITUTE FOR C. P. Glycerine) JANOAGUM (Substitute for Gum Tragacanth) BALSAM PERU BALSAM TOLU CAPE FLOWERS CAROBA LEAVES CHEMICALS CHERRIES (Sour Dried) COCHINEAL COCOA Beans COCOA SHELLS (Pom) DEER TONGUE LEAVES EGG ALBUMEN EVERLASTING FLOWERS FOENUGREEK SEED GALL NUTS GUMS Arabic, Tragacanth dextrin. Varnish GUM JATOBA (Brazil copal) INDIGO (Natural) IPECAC ROOT JABORANDY LEAVES KOLA NUTS LAVENDER FLOWERS LEAF TOBACCO Lata kia-Peri que LICORICE ROOT (Powd) LICORICE EXTRACT (Powd) LICORICE PASTE (Mass) imported "Carona Brand" Cases of 20-11 Lb. Blocks domestic "C. H. Extra" Brand "C. S." Brand in Cases and boxes LIME JUICE (Raw) Locust Beans MANACA ROOT MUIRAPAUMA ROOT MAT1CO LEAVES ORANGE PEEL OILS Ambetta, Peanut. Sesame PAPAIN (Vegetable Pepsin) pareira brava root paraguay tea (Yerba Mate) PRUNES (Turkish) QUASSIA (bitterwood) RAFFIA GRASS Natural and Colored RAFFIA GRASS CLOTH in Sheets REEDS AND RATTAN (All sizes) SAFFRON SABADILLA SEED SEEDS. ORNAMENTAL JOB'S TEARS. JEQUERITY STEARINE ST. JOHN'S BREAD STYRAX TAMARINDS TONKA Beans ANGOSTURA. PARA. SURINAM ULTRAMARINE BLUE VANILLA Beans (Mexican) VANILLA LEAVES WAX Carnauba. Ceresine, Bayberry Mr.Horace Kephart, Bryeon City, North Carolina. Dear Sir:- Your welcome favor of May 4" found the writer at home ill,and thru oversight your letter was mislaid about the house together with other papers at the time,and only until a few days ago did I find same. I trust you will pardon this seeming neglect and delay on the part of the writer, which was unintentional,to say the least. We are very pleased to learn of your interest in YERBA MATE and trust same will merit your approval as an excellent and healthful beverage. We are selling Yerba Mate retail in small tins of about 2 lbs, each @ |U00 per tin,delivered, and we would greatly appreciate your kindness in advising your friends who may be interested in this product with our name and address. If you try mixing 1/& lb. of Asiatic tea with 1 lb. of Yerba Mate,you may strike a blend which will prove most palatable to you; In other proportions the mixture may prove of greater flavor. How's camping-out these days ? I sure would like to be "floating about" the mountains these nice warm days and doing some climbing - an outdoor sport of which I am very fond. Am a member of The Rocky Mountain Climbers1 Club (of Boulder,Colorado) — Ever heard of this club ? Would be pleased to hear from you anytime and should you ever come up here to the city in the near future, the writer would be jbleased to meet you personally,and in the meanwhile,we remain, Yours very truly, CHAS.W.JACOB & ALLISON. ■ pe
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Charles Stanley Jacob to Horace Kephart, April 19, 1919
Hunter Library Digital Collections Western Carolina University Cullowhee NC 28723;, 2018Co-Authors: Jacob, Charles StanleyAbstract:In a letter to Horace Kephart on April 19, 1919, Charles Stanley Jacob advertises yerba mate, also known as Paraguay tea. Mr. Jacob explains this variety of tea is the national drink of South America. He highly recommends the tea as the perfect, all-natural drink for the outdoorsman.(3 CHAS. W. JACOB & ALLISON CABLE ADDRESS: "LOXRULE-NEW YORK- CODES USED s A. B. C. 4TH AND 5TH EDITIONS NO. 18 CEDAR STREET NEW YORK Chas. W. Jacob Wm. M. ALLISON April 19,1919. IMPORTERS OF FOREIGN PRODUCTS SPECIALTIES GLYPHO (SUBSTITUTE FOR C. P. Glycerine) JANDAGUM (Substitute for Gum Tragacanth) BALSAM PERU BALSAM TOLU CAPE FLOWERS CAROBA LEAVES CHEMICALS CHERRIES (Sour Dried) COCHINEAL COCOA Beans COCOA SHELLS (POW'd) DEER TONGUE LEAVES EGG ALBUMEN EVERLASTING FLOWERS FOENUGREEK SEED GALL NUTS GUMS Arabic, Tragacanth dextrin. Varnish GUM JATOBA (Brazil Copal) INDIGO (Natural) IPECAC ROOT JABORANDY LEAVES KOLA NUTS LAVENDER FLOWERS LEAF TOBACCO Latakia-Perique LICORICE ROOT (PoWD) LICORICE EXTRACT (Powo) LICORICE PASTE (MASS) imported "Carona Brand" Cases of 20-11 Lb. Blocks domestic "C. H. Extra" Brand "C. S." Brand in Cases and boxes LIME JUICE (Raw) Locust Beans MANACA ROOT MUIRAPAUMA ROOT MATICO LEAVES ORANGE PEEL OILS ambetta. Peanut, sesame PAPAIN (Vegetable Pepsin) PARE1RA BRAVA ROOT PARAGUAY TEA (Yerba Mate) PRUNES (Turkish) QUASSIA (Bitterwood) RAFFIA GRASS Natural and Colored RAFFIA GRASS CLOTH in Sheets REEDS and RATTAN (All Sizes) SAFFRON SABADILLA SEED SEEDS, ORNAMENTAL Job's Tears, Jequerity STEAR1NE ST. JOHN'S BREAD STYRAX TAMARINDS TONKA Beans Angostura, Para, Surinam ULTRAMARINE BLUE VANILLA Beans (Mexican) VANILLA LEAVES WAX Carnauba. Ceresine, Bayberry Mr.Horace Kephart, Bryson City, North. Carolina. Dear Sir ;- Thru the kindness of Mr.Jessup,Associate Editor of the "Outing Magazine",we are indebted for your present address. Knowing of your fame as a writer,camper and outdoor apostle,we are taking this opportunity to address you,believing you would be interested in a new beverage combining all the good and none of the injurious qualities of coffee and Asiatic tea, and are sending you,with our compliments,a pound sample of YERBA MATE. This tea,as you doubtless are aware,Is the national drink of South America,and while little known in this country at the present time will undoubtedly find much favor here in the States,as it has in Prance and England,where its fine qualities have already become recognized. Yerba Mate,which is sometimes called "Paraguay Tea",is,we understand,the only beverage which leaves absolutely no bad effects upon those who drink it in large or small quantities,and is devoid of those essential oils which act as irritants upon the human system. Consequently,as a tea for the camper, hunter,forest-ranger,fisherman — in fact all those who enjoy the outdoor life,Yerba Mate is the ideal beverage. After you have read thru the enclosed booklet and clipping,we would be pleased to have you try out the tea at your convenience. The writer,who also happens to be,to-date, one of your many unknown admirers,uses Yerba late in preference to the regular tea and coffee on all camping and hiking trips,and at home. We would be pleased to learn of your interest in this fine natural South American product, and remain, Yours very truly, CHAS.W.JACOB & ALLISON per (^qyt^y^^^^y^e^
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Charles Stanley Jacob to Horace Kephart, June 2, 1919
Hunter Library Digital Collections Western Carolina University Cullowhee NC 28723;, 2018Co-Authors: Jacob, Charles StanleyAbstract:In a letter to Horace Kephart on June 2, 1919, Charles Stanley Jacob advertises yerba mate, also known as Paraguay tea. Mr. Jacob explains this variety of tea is the national drink of South America. He highly recommends the tea as the perfect, all-natural drink for the outdoorsman. Jacob also includes information on the caffeine content of yerba mate as compared to green tea, black tea, and coffee.CHAS. W. JACOB & ALLISON CABLE ADDRESS: "LOXRULE-NEW YORK" Codes Used > a. b. c. 4th and 5th editions NO. 18 CEDAR STREET NEW YORK, Chas. W. Jacob Wm. M. Allison June 2, 1919 IMPORTERS OF FOREIGN PRODUCTS SPECIALTIES GLYPHO (SUBSTITUTE FOR C. P. Glycerine) JANDAGUM (Substitute for Gum Tragacanth) BALSAM PERU BALSAM TOLU CAPE FLOWERS CAROBA LEAVES CHEMICALS CHERRIES (SOUR DRIED) COCHINEAL COCOA Beans COCOA SHELLS (POWD) DEER TONGUE LEAVES EGG ALBUMEN EVERLASTING FLOWERS FOENUGREEK SEED GALL NUTS GUMS Arabic, Tragacanth dextrin. Varnish GUM JATOBA (Brazil Copal) INDIGO (Natural) IPECAC ROOT JABORANDY LEAVES KOLA NUTS LAVENDER FLOWERS LEAF TOBACCO Latakia-Perique LICORICE ROOT (Pow'o) LICORICE EXTRACT (Pom) LICORICE PASTE (Mass) imported "Carona Brand" Cases of 20-11 Lb. blocks domestic "C. H. Extra" Brand "C. S." Brand in Cases and Boxes LIME JUICE (Raw) Locust Beans MANACA ROOT MU1RAPAUMA ROOT MATICO LEAVES ORANGE PEEL OILS Ambetta. Peanut, sesame PAPAIN (Vegetable Pepsin) PAREIRA BRAVA ROOT PARAGUAY TEA (Yerba Mate) prunes (Turkish) QUASSIA (Bitterwood) RAFFIA GRASS Natural and Colored RAFFIA GRASS CLOTH in Sheets REEDS and rattan (All Sizes) SAFFRON SABADILLA SEED SEEDS, ORNAMENTAL Job's Tears. Jequerity stearine st. john's bread STYRAX TAMARINDS TONKA Beans Angostura, Para, Surinam ULTRAMARINE BLUE VANILLA Beans (Mexican) VANILLA LEAVES WAX Carnauba. Ceresine, Bayberry Dear Sir:- Beleiving you would be interested in a new beverage combining all the good and none of the injurious qualities of coffee and Asiatic tea, we take this opportunity to acquaint you with YERBA MATE This tea is the national drink of South America and while little known in this country at the present time, will undoubtedly find much favor here, as it has in Europe where its fine qualities have already become recognised. Yerba Mate, which is sometimes called Paraguay Tea, is, we understand, the only beverage which leaves absolutely no bad effects upon those who drink it in large or small quantities, and is devoid of those essential'oils which act as irritants upon the human system. We believe you will see the advantages of using this fine product and of acquainting your patients with it, and the desirability of substituting this wholesome beverage for Coffee and tea in many instances. We make a specialty of importing Yerba Mate and quote same in small tins of about 8 lbs. each @ $1.00 per tin, delivered. May we send you a sample of Yerba Mate ? Trusting you will give Yerba Mate your due consideration and that we may learn of your interest in same, we remain, Yours truly, CHAS. W. JACOB & ALLISON. The following table shows the component parts of Yerba Mate as compared with Tea (green and black) and coffees- In 1.000 parts Green Tea Black Tea Coffee iferba Mate Essential Oil 7.90 6.00 0.41 0.01 Chlorophyl 22.20 18.14 13.66 62.00 Resin ..., 22.20 36.40 13.66 20.69 Tannin 178.00 128.80 16.33 12.28 Theine or Caffeine 4.30 4.60 2.66 2.50 Extract & coloring matter.. 464.00 390.00 270.67 238.83 Fibers & Cellulose 175.30 283.20 174.83 180.00 Ash.... _ 85.80 54.40 25.61 38.1
D I Gernah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quality evaluation of cookies produced from composite blends of wheat flour and african Locustbean parkia biglobosa fruit pulp flour
The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics, 2011Co-Authors: D I Gernah, A M Akogwu, A I SengevAbstract:Objective: The physico–chemical and sensory quality of cookies produced from composite blends of wheat flour (WF) and African Locust bean fruit pulp flour (LBFPF) were evaluated in order to determine their nutritional value and acceptability. Materials and Methods: Four different composite blends of WF and LBFP were produced in the ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40, with 100% WF as reference product. Cookies were then prepared from the various blends using established procedure. Thereafter, the physical, chemical and sensory qualities of the blends were determined using standard analytical methods. Results: While protein, fat and carbohydrate values for LBFPF cookies were significantly lower (p 0.05) in weight of composite blends compared to 100% WF cookies. Sensory scores of the cookies showed a significant difference (p Key words: wheat flour, Locust Beans fruit pulp, nutrient, cookies, sensory properties.
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incubation and fermentation of african Locust Beans parkia biglobosa in production of dawadawa
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2007Co-Authors: D I Gernah, C U Inyang, N L EzeoraAbstract:The effect of the following incubation materials: "gmelina" (Gmelina arborea) leaves, banana (Musa sapienta) leaves, jute bag and polythene bag on the fermentation rate and acceptability of fermented African Locust Beans "dawadawa " was investigated. Fermentation was carried out at 30 and 35C for 72 h. Fermentation rate was determined as a function of change in pH. Samples fermented inside gmelina leaves showed the highest fermentation rate at both temperatures followed by samples from banana leaves, polythene and jute bags, respectively. Proximate analysis showed an increase in protein, crude fat and moisture contents with corresponding decrease in the carbohydrate content during fermentation. Sensory evaluation showed that samples fermented at 35C were more acceptable with that of gmelina leaves being the most acceptable, followed by banana leaves, polythene and jute bags, respectively.
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effect of incubation materials on fermantation of african Locust Beans parkia biglobosa in the production of dawadawa
Nigerian Food Journal, 2006Co-Authors: D I Gernah, C U Inyang, N L EzeoraAbstract:Effect of incubation materials: gmelina ( Gmelina arborea ) leaves, banana ( Musa sapeinta ) leaves, jute bag and polythene bag on the fermentation rate and acceptability of fermented African Locust Beans dawadawa\' was investigated. Fermentation was carried out at 30°C and 35°C for 72 hours. Fermentation rate was determined as a function of change in pH. Samples fermented inside gmelina leaves showed the highest fermentation rate at both temperatures followed by samples from banana leaves, polythene and jute bags in that order. Proximate analysis showed an increase in protein, crude fat and moisture contents with corresponding decrease in the carbohydrate content during fermentation. Sensory evaluation showed that, samples fermented at 35°C were more acceptable with that of gmelina leaves being the most acceptable, followed by banana leaves, polythene and jute bags in that order. Keywords : incubation materials, fermentation, African Locust Beans, dawadawa\' Nigerian Food Journal Vol. 23 2005: 166-173
