The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Prasad Padmanabhan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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why do some us manufacturing and service firms with international operations choose to give internationally whereas others opt to give only in the united states
International Business Review, 2016Co-Authors: Adrian Cowan, Chiahsing Huang, Prasad PadmanabhanAbstract:Although there have been many academic papers dealing with corporate social responsibility including charitable giving, many have focused on domestic giving. Very few papers have focused on foreign giving. We add to the emerging literature on foreign giving by examining separately the determinants of domestic vs. domestic and international giving for a sample of US manufacturing and service firms over the 2004–2010 period. Using a Logit Regression Model, our findings show that firms with larger size and higher percentage of foreign sales tend to opt to give abroad for both manufacturing and service firms. In addition, manufacturing firms with higher debt to asset ratios tend to prefer giving only domestically. Service firms with higher return on assets or higher levels of free cash flow also tend to give internationally. These findings suggest that to some degree firms attempt to maximize the strategic value of foreign vs. domestic giving. Firms seem to treat corporate giving as a scarce strategic resource.
Dong Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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causation analysis of hazardous material road transportation accidents based on the ordered Logit Regression Model
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Jibiao Zhou, Dong YangAbstract:Understanding the influence factors and related causation of hazardous materials can improve hazardous materials drivers’ safety awareness and help traffic professionals to develop effective countermeasures. This study investigates the statistical distribution characteristics, such as types of hazardous materials transportation accidents, driver properties, vehicle properties, environmental properties, road properties. In total, 343 data regarding hazardous materials accidents were collected from the chemical accident information network of China. An ordered Logit Regression (OLR) Model is proposed to account for the unobserved heterogeneity across observations. Four independent variables, such as hazardous materials drivers’ properties, vehicle properties, environmental properties, and road properties are employed based on the OLR Model, an ordered multinomial logistic Regression (MLR) is estimated the OLR Model parameters. Both parameter estimates and odds ratio (OR) are employed to interpret the impact of influence factors on the severity of hazardous materials accidents. The Model estimation results show that 10 factors such as violations, unsafe driving behaviors, vehicle faults, and so on are closely related to accidents severity of hazardous materials transportation. Furthermore, three enforcement countermeasures are proposed to prevent accidents when transporting hazardous materials.
Christer Thrane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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examining tourists long distance transportation mode choices using a multinomial Logit Regression Model
Tourism Management Perspectives, 2015Co-Authors: Christer ThraneAbstract:Abstract Modeling of transportation mode choices has in the past primarily dealt with everyday short-distance travel and long-distance business travel. The present paper adds to this research in examining the long-distance transportation mode choices of tourists. The empirical setting is the domestic tourism market in Norway, and the analyses refer to Norwegians' winter vacation trip. Using survey data tapping actual travel behavior and a Multinomial Logit (MNL) Regression Model, the study shows how travel distance in kilometers and hours, a number of trip-related characteristics and certain socio-demographic variables all affect transportation mode choices. The results show that travel distance variables and trip-related characteristics are the most vital determinants of the transportation mode choices of Norwegian tourists.
Michelle Spence - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Award-Winning Undergraduate Paper: The Effect of Age on the Probability of Participation in Wildlife-Related Activities: A Birth Year Cohort Study
2020Co-Authors: Michelle SpenceAbstract:To aid in the planning and marketing of wildlife recreation, a Logit Regression Model was used to assess the effect of age on the probability of participation in waterfowl hunting and wildlife viewing. The results indicate that the probability of participating in waterfowl hunting decreases with age and birth year, while the probability of participating in wildlife viewing increases up to a point and then decreases as an individual ages and increases with birth year. Clearly, Models employing age and birth year must be utilized to plan for future services and also to direct marketing efforts to gain participants.
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The Effect of Age on the Probability of Participation in Wildlife-Related Activities: A Birth Year Cohort Study
American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2020Co-Authors: Michelle SpenceAbstract:To aid in the planning and marketing of wildlife recreation, a Logit Regression Model was used to assess the effect of age on the probability of participation in waterfowl hunting and wildlife viewing. The results indicate that the probability of participating in waterfowl hunting decreases with age and birth year, while the probability of participating in wildlife viewing increases up to a point and then decreases as an individual ages and increases with birth year. Clearly, Models employing age and birth year must be utilized to plan for future services and also to direct marketing efforts to gain participants. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
James K Mutura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analysis of Determinants of Vertical and Horizontal Integration among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Lower Central Kenya
International Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 2016Co-Authors: James K Mutura, Newton Nyairo, M Mwangi, K StephenAbstract:Dairy farming is a significant economic activity in Kenya as it accounts for four percent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and fourteen percent of total value of agricultural output. Market-oriented smallholder dairy farms in the country tend to be concentrated close to urban centres because the effects of market forces over-ride many production factors. Urbanization creates competition for alternative land uses thus leading to land fragmentation which has a potential negative impact on dairy farming especially in Lower Central Kenya. The resultant diminishing land sizes implies that peri-urban smallholder dairy farmers have to intensify milk production by adopting cost minimizing strategies, value addition and marketing through integration. Integration leads to high gross margins, better choice of market channel and improved market participation thus encouraging commercialization of dairy smallholder farming. Multistage sampling technique was used in collecting data from 288 farmers in Kiambu County in 2012. Data management was carried out using SPSS version 20 while econometric analysis were carried out using STATA version 12. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize households while multinomial Logit Regression (MNL) was used to estimate the probability of households using different marketing channels. Logit Regression Model was used to determine the likelihood of a household to integrate vertically or horizontally in its dairy enterprise. Mean difference was used to distinguish integrated and non- integrated smallholder dairy farmers. Fixed investment cost, storage type, milk cost share, percentage of milk sold and dairy enterprise turnover explain a household likelihood to vertically integrate in its dairy sector. An increase in total fixed investments, turnover and volume of output increases the probability of household integrating horizontally. The gender of the household head, age, distance from markets, land parcel sizes, milk output and level of education have a significant relationship with horizontal integration. Level of education, training, milk output, and access to information and transaction costs significantly influences the choice of marketing channel. It is recommended that programmes relating to information on milk marketing be made accessible to farmers. There is need to profile farmers on the basis of production and education level and encourage them to use specific marketing channel. Policy makers should identify strategies for disseminating information. It is recommended that farmers should establish and strengthen existing associations and integrate vertically and horizontally on the basis of their spatial location and milk output
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Analysis of Vertical and Horizontal Integration As Determinants of Market Channel Choice Among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Lower Central Kenya
International Journal of Innovative reseach & Development, 2015Co-Authors: James K MuturaAbstract:Dairy farming is a significant economic activity in Kenya as it accounts for four percent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and fourteen percent of total value of agricultural output. Market-oriented smallholder dairy farms in the country tend to be concentrated close to urban centres because the effects of market forces over-ride many production factors. Urbanization creates competition for alternative land uses thus leading to land fragmentation which has a potential negative impact on dairy farming especially in Lower Central Kenya. The resultant diminishing land sizes implies that peri-urban smallholder dairy farmers have to intensify milk production by adopting cost minimizing strategies, value addition and marketing through integration. Integration leads to high gross margins, better choice of market channel and improved market participation thus encouraging commercialization of dairy smallholder farming. Multistage sampling technique was used in collecting data from 288 farmers in Kiambu County in 2012. Data management was carried out using SPSS version 20 while econometric analysis were carried out using STATA version 12. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize households while multinomial Logit Regression (MNL) was used to estimate the probability of households using different marketing channels. Logit Regression Model was used to determine the likelihood of a household to integrate vertically or horizontally in its dairy enterprise. Mean difference was used to distinguish integrated and non- integrated smallholder dairy farmers. Fixed investment cost, storage type, milk cost share, percentage of milk sold and dairy enterprise turnover explain a household likelihood to vertically integrate in its dairy sector. An increase in total fixed investments, turnover and volume of output increases the probability of household integrating horizontally. The gender of the household head, age, distance from markets, land parcel sizes, milk output and level of education have a significant relationship with horizontal integration. Level of education, training, milk output, and access to information and transaction costs significantly influences the choice of marketing channel. It is recommended that programmes relating to information on milk marketing be made accessible to farmers. There is need to profile farmers on the basis of production and education level and encourage them to use specific marketing channel. Policy makers should identify strategies for disseminating information. It is recommended that farmers should establish and strengthen existing associations and integrate vertically and horizontally on the basis of their spatial location and milk output
