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Hadi Parastar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pattern recognition analysis of chromatographic fingerprints of crocus sativus l secondary metabolites towards source identification and quality control
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Ghazaleh Aliakbarzadeh, Hassan Sereshti, Hadi ParastarAbstract:Chromatographic fingerprinting is an effective methodology for authentication and quality control of herbal products. In the presented study, a chemometric strategy based on multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares (MCR–ALS) and multivariate pattern recognition methods was used to establish a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) fingerprint of saffron. For this purpose, the volatile metabolites of 17 Iranian saffron samples, collected from different geographical regions, were determined using the combined method of ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UASE) and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), coupled with GC–MS. The resolved elution profiles and the related mass spectra obtained by an extended MCR–ALS algorithm were then used to estimate the relative concentrations and to identify the saffron volatile metabolites, respectively. Consequently, 77 compounds with high reversed match factors (RMFs > 850) were successfully determined. The relative concentrations of these compounds were used to generate a new data set which was analyzed by multivariate data analysis methods including principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means. Accordingly, the saffron samples were categorized into five classes using these techniques. The results revealed that 11 compounds, as biomarkers of saffron, contributed to the class discrimination and characterization. Eleven biomarkers including nine secondary metabolites of saffron (safranal, α- and β-isophorone, phenylethyl Alcohol, ketoisophorone, 2,2,6-trimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanedione, 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexen-1-carbaldehyde, 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carboxaldehyde-5-hydroxy-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one, and 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-hydroxy-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde (HTCC)), a primary metabolite (linoleic acid), and a long chain Fatty Alcohol (nanocosanol) were distinguished as the saffron fingerprint. Finally, the individual contribution of each biomarker to the classes was determined by the counter propagation artificial neural network (CPANN) method.
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pattern recognition analysis of chromatographic fingerprints of crocus sativus l secondary metabolites towards source identification and quality control
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Ghazaleh Aliakbarzadeh, Hassan Sereshti, Hadi ParastarAbstract:Chromatographic fingerprinting is an effective methodology for authentication and quality control of herbal products. In the presented study, a chemometric strategy based on multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) and multivariate pattern recognition methods was used to establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) fingerprint of saffron. For this purpose, the volatile metabolites of 17 Iranian saffron samples, collected from different geographical regions, were determined using the combined method of ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UASE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), coupled with GC-MS. The resolved elution profiles and the related mass spectra obtained by an extended MCR-ALS algorithm were then used to estimate the relative concentrations and to identify the saffron volatile metabolites, respectively. Consequently, 77 compounds with high reversed match factors (RMFs > 850) were successfully determined. The relative concentrations of these compounds were used to generate a new data set which was analyzed by multivariate data analysis methods including principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means. Accordingly, the saffron samples were categorized into five classes using these techniques. The results revealed that 11 compounds, as biomarkers of saffron, contributed to the class discrimination and characterization. Eleven biomarkers including nine secondary metabolites of saffron (safranal, α- and β-isophorone, phenylethyl Alcohol, ketoisophorone, 2,2,6-trimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanedione, 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexen-1-carbaldehyde, 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carboxaldehyde-5-hydroxy-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one, and 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-hydroxy-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde (HTCC)), a primary metabolite (linoleic acid), and a long chain Fatty Alcohol (nanocosanol) were distinguished as the saffron fingerprint. Finally, the individual contribution of each biomarker to the classes was determined by the counter propagation artificial neural network (CPANN) method.
Motoaki Saito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of n hexacosanol on nitric oxide synthase system in diabetic rat nephropathy
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Shinichi Okada, Takuya Hanada, Emi Kazuyama, Yasuo Kawaba, Motoaki Saito, Keisuke Satoh, Atsushi Hayashi, Susumu KanzakiAbstract:We attempted to clarify the effects of cyclohexenonic Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol (N-hexacosanol) on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. After induction of experimental diabetes with streptozotocin, rats were maintained for 8 weeks with or without treatment by N-hexacosanol (8 mg/kg i.p. every day). Urinary albumin excretion, blood chemistry, immunoblot analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reactions (real-time PCR) of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS) were investigated. Although N-hexacosanol had no effects on serum glucose or insulin level, it normalized serum creatinine and urinary albumin excretion. N-hexacosanol was found to improve the diabetes-induced alterations in the eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS protein and their mRNA levels. Histologically, N-hexacosanol inhibited the progression to glomerular sclerosis. Our data suggest that N-hexacosanol improves diabetes-induced NOS alterations in the kidney, resulting in the amelioration of diabetic nephropathy.
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n hexacosanol prevents diabetes induced rat ileal dysfunction without qualitative alteration of the muscarinic receptor system
Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2007Co-Authors: Naho Narimatsu, Itaru Satoh, Shinichi Okada, Emi Kazuyama, Yoshie Hisadome, Motoaki Saito, Masashi Yamada, Yukako Kinoshita, Hiroto Suzuki, Keisuke SatohAbstract:We evaluated the effects of N-hexacosanol, a cyclohexenonic Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol, on muscarinic receptors in diabetic rat ileal dysfunction. Eight-week-old male SD rats were divided into four groups. After induction of diabetes (streptozotocin 50 mg/kg, i.p.), three groups were maintained for eight weeks with treatment by N-hexacosanol (0, 2 or 8 mg/kg, s.c. every day). Ileum function was investigated by organ bath studies using carbachol and KCl, and the expression levels of muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Various concentrations of subtype-selective muscarinic antagonists, i.e., atropine (non-selective), pirenzepine (M1 selective), methoctramine (M2 selective), and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP, M1/M3 selective), were used in this study. In the presence and absence of these antagonists, contractile response curves to increasing concentrations of carbachol were investigated. Treatment with N-hexacosanol did not alter the diabetic status of the rats, but did significantly prevent the carbachol-induced hypercontractility in diabetic rat ileum. Estimation of the pA2 values for atropine, pirenzepine, methoctramine, and 4-DAMP indicated that the carbacholinduced contractile response in the ileum is mainly mediated through the muscarinic M3 receptor subtype in all groups. Furthermore, N-hexacosanol significantly prevented the diabetes-induced up-regulation of intestinal muscarinic M2 and M3 receptor mRNAs in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Our data indicated that N-hexacosanol exerts preventive effects with respect to carbachol-induced hypercontractility in the diabetic rat ileum without qualitative alteration of the muscarinic receptor system.
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n hexacosanol reverses diabetic induced muscarinic hypercontractility of ileum in the rat
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2006Co-Authors: Chiko Shinbori, Itaru Satoh, Tomoharu Kono, Takuya Hanada, Motoaki Saito, Yukako Kinoshita, Hiroto Suzuki, Eiji Nanba, Kaori Adachi, Masashi YamadaAbstract:Abstract Diabetic neuropathy, a major complication of diabetes mellitus, is associated with development of gastrointestinal motility dysfunction and autonomic neuropathy. N-hexacosanol has neurotrophic effects and exhibits a wide variety of biological actions. In this study, we investigated the effects of cyclohexenonic Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol (N-hexacosanol) on streptozotocin-diabetic hypercontractility in the rat ileum longitudinal muscles. Treatment with N-hexacosanol did not alter the diabetic status of the animals, i.e., body weight, serum glucose, and serum insulin levels, but significantly restored the thickness of intestine wall and ameliorated diabetes-induced hypercontractility of the rat ileum in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, N-hexacosanol reversed the diabetes-induced upregulation of intestinal muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors mRNAs in the streptozotocin-diabetic rats. These results indicate that N-hexacosanol has therapeutic effects on hypercontractility in the diabetic ileum by ameliorating overexpression of muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors mRNAs.
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effect of cyclohexenonic long chain Fatty Alcohol on rat overactive bladder induced by bladder neck obstruction
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: Motoaki Saito, Masashi Yamada, Katsuya Hikita, Yukako Kinoshita, Daisuke Houri, Ikuo Miyagawa, Hiroto Suzuki, Naoto Kobayashi, Keisuke SatohAbstract:Abstract We attempted to clarify the preventive effects of cyclohexenonic Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol on detrusor overactivity induced by mild bladder neck obstruction. Bladder neck obstruction was created by partial ligation of the urethra. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: those with bladder neck obstruction treated without Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol, those with bladder neck obstruction with Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol (8 mg/kg, i.p., every day) and the sham-operated control group (A, B, and C groups, respectively). Six weeks after the induction of bladder neck obstruction, voiding behavior was observed in the metabolic cage, and a cystometrogram was performed in the experimental animals. Furthermore, Hematoxylin and Eosin, Azan-Mallory, and Bodian stainings were performed in these bladders. Bladder weight, voiding behaviors and a cystometry indicated that rats in the A group showed detrusor overactivity, which was improved by treatment with Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol. The proportion of connective tissue and the density of bundles of neurofibers in the bladder of the A group was significantly less than that in the other bladders. Mild bladder neck obstruction induces detrusor overactivity, which is improved by treatment with Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol.
Keisuke Satoh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of n hexacosanol on nitric oxide synthase system in diabetic rat nephropathy
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Shinichi Okada, Takuya Hanada, Emi Kazuyama, Yasuo Kawaba, Motoaki Saito, Keisuke Satoh, Atsushi Hayashi, Susumu KanzakiAbstract:We attempted to clarify the effects of cyclohexenonic Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol (N-hexacosanol) on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. After induction of experimental diabetes with streptozotocin, rats were maintained for 8 weeks with or without treatment by N-hexacosanol (8 mg/kg i.p. every day). Urinary albumin excretion, blood chemistry, immunoblot analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reactions (real-time PCR) of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS) were investigated. Although N-hexacosanol had no effects on serum glucose or insulin level, it normalized serum creatinine and urinary albumin excretion. N-hexacosanol was found to improve the diabetes-induced alterations in the eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS protein and their mRNA levels. Histologically, N-hexacosanol inhibited the progression to glomerular sclerosis. Our data suggest that N-hexacosanol improves diabetes-induced NOS alterations in the kidney, resulting in the amelioration of diabetic nephropathy.
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n hexacosanol prevents diabetes induced rat ileal dysfunction without qualitative alteration of the muscarinic receptor system
Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2007Co-Authors: Naho Narimatsu, Itaru Satoh, Shinichi Okada, Emi Kazuyama, Yoshie Hisadome, Motoaki Saito, Masashi Yamada, Yukako Kinoshita, Hiroto Suzuki, Keisuke SatohAbstract:We evaluated the effects of N-hexacosanol, a cyclohexenonic Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol, on muscarinic receptors in diabetic rat ileal dysfunction. Eight-week-old male SD rats were divided into four groups. After induction of diabetes (streptozotocin 50 mg/kg, i.p.), three groups were maintained for eight weeks with treatment by N-hexacosanol (0, 2 or 8 mg/kg, s.c. every day). Ileum function was investigated by organ bath studies using carbachol and KCl, and the expression levels of muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Various concentrations of subtype-selective muscarinic antagonists, i.e., atropine (non-selective), pirenzepine (M1 selective), methoctramine (M2 selective), and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP, M1/M3 selective), were used in this study. In the presence and absence of these antagonists, contractile response curves to increasing concentrations of carbachol were investigated. Treatment with N-hexacosanol did not alter the diabetic status of the rats, but did significantly prevent the carbachol-induced hypercontractility in diabetic rat ileum. Estimation of the pA2 values for atropine, pirenzepine, methoctramine, and 4-DAMP indicated that the carbacholinduced contractile response in the ileum is mainly mediated through the muscarinic M3 receptor subtype in all groups. Furthermore, N-hexacosanol significantly prevented the diabetes-induced up-regulation of intestinal muscarinic M2 and M3 receptor mRNAs in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Our data indicated that N-hexacosanol exerts preventive effects with respect to carbachol-induced hypercontractility in the diabetic rat ileum without qualitative alteration of the muscarinic receptor system.
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effect of cyclohexenonic long chain Fatty Alcohol on rat overactive bladder induced by bladder neck obstruction
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: Motoaki Saito, Masashi Yamada, Katsuya Hikita, Yukako Kinoshita, Daisuke Houri, Ikuo Miyagawa, Hiroto Suzuki, Naoto Kobayashi, Keisuke SatohAbstract:Abstract We attempted to clarify the preventive effects of cyclohexenonic Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol on detrusor overactivity induced by mild bladder neck obstruction. Bladder neck obstruction was created by partial ligation of the urethra. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: those with bladder neck obstruction treated without Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol, those with bladder neck obstruction with Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol (8 mg/kg, i.p., every day) and the sham-operated control group (A, B, and C groups, respectively). Six weeks after the induction of bladder neck obstruction, voiding behavior was observed in the metabolic cage, and a cystometrogram was performed in the experimental animals. Furthermore, Hematoxylin and Eosin, Azan-Mallory, and Bodian stainings were performed in these bladders. Bladder weight, voiding behaviors and a cystometry indicated that rats in the A group showed detrusor overactivity, which was improved by treatment with Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol. The proportion of connective tissue and the density of bundles of neurofibers in the bladder of the A group was significantly less than that in the other bladders. Mild bladder neck obstruction induces detrusor overactivity, which is improved by treatment with Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol.
Jacques Borg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enhancement of mouse sciatic nerve regeneration by the long chain Fatty Alcohol n hexacosanol
Experimental Neurology, 1996Co-Authors: Mimoun Azzouz, Philippe F Kennel, Philippe Poindron, J M Warter, Jacques BorgAbstract:Abstract The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects ofn-hexacosanol (hexa) on nerve regeneration. Hexa, a long chain Fatty Alcohol has been shown to possess neurotrophic properties on cultured neurons and to attenuate the degeneration of cholinergic neurons after injury. The effects of daily intraperitoneal injections of hexa (1 mg/kg) on regeneration of nerve fibers were studied in mice following a sciatic nerve crush. Measurement of axonal regeneration using the pinch test 7 days postlesion showed a 40% increase of the regeneration rate of sensory fibers in hexa-treated mice compared to controls (1.67 ± 0.15 mm/day and 1.09 ± 0.03 mm/day, respectively). The recovery of neuromuscular function was significantly improved, as shown by quantitative electromyography and sensorimotor tests. Clinical signs of recovery evaluated with toe spreading reflex appeared earlier in hexa group than in control animals. Electrophysiological recordings were performed each 3 days during 34 days following nerve injury. Higher values of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were obtained in hexa-treated animals that correspond to an improved regeneration. Moreover, hexa induced a significantly faster regeneration rate (hexa: 2.87 ± 0.15 mV/day; control: 2.00 ± 0.06 mV/day), as measured by the slope of CMAP increase (44% enhancement). A morphometric analysis performed 7 days following crush showed an increased number of regenerating fibers, as well as increased diameter and thickness of the myelin in hexa-treated mice. Thus, hexa increased the regeneration of both sensory and motor axons in lesioned nerve, leading to an improved functional recovery.
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the neurotrophic factor n hexacosanol reduces the neuronal damage induced by the neurotoxin kainic acid
Journal of Neuroscience Research, 1991Co-Authors: Jacques BorgAbstract:The Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol, n-hexacosanol, has been shown to possess neurotrophic properties in vitro on rat CNS cultures (Borg et al., 1987) and to promote the survival of septal cholinergic neurons after experimental axotomy (Borg et al., 1990). Long-Chain Alcohols have also been shown to be synthesized and metabolised by rat brain during development (Bishop and Hayra, 1981; Natarajan et al., 1984). The present study was undertaken in order to find out if a nonproteic neurotrophic factor like n-hexacosanol may be able to reduce the neuronal damages induced by the excitatory amino acid, kainic acid. When administered chronically by intraperitoneal injection, hexacosanol (1 mg/kg) protected the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus from the neurotoxic degeneration induced by an intracerebroventricular infusion of kainic acid in rats; the extent of the damage was limited to a small part of the CA3 region. Mor-phometric analysis showed that 72% of the neurons that would have died following kainic acid injection were spared by hexacosanol. Moreover the increased locomotor activity induced by the neurotoxin was also inhibited by hexacosanol and the behavioral effect was statistically correlated to the extent of neuronal loss. The present study suggests a possible role for nonproteic neurotrophic compounds against neurotoxic damages on central neurons. Moreover the peripheral administration of hexacosanol may lead to a significant breakthrough in the treatment of excito-toxin-related human diseases.
Masashi Yamada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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n hexacosanol prevents diabetes induced rat ileal dysfunction without qualitative alteration of the muscarinic receptor system
Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2007Co-Authors: Naho Narimatsu, Itaru Satoh, Shinichi Okada, Emi Kazuyama, Yoshie Hisadome, Motoaki Saito, Masashi Yamada, Yukako Kinoshita, Hiroto Suzuki, Keisuke SatohAbstract:We evaluated the effects of N-hexacosanol, a cyclohexenonic Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol, on muscarinic receptors in diabetic rat ileal dysfunction. Eight-week-old male SD rats were divided into four groups. After induction of diabetes (streptozotocin 50 mg/kg, i.p.), three groups were maintained for eight weeks with treatment by N-hexacosanol (0, 2 or 8 mg/kg, s.c. every day). Ileum function was investigated by organ bath studies using carbachol and KCl, and the expression levels of muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Various concentrations of subtype-selective muscarinic antagonists, i.e., atropine (non-selective), pirenzepine (M1 selective), methoctramine (M2 selective), and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP, M1/M3 selective), were used in this study. In the presence and absence of these antagonists, contractile response curves to increasing concentrations of carbachol were investigated. Treatment with N-hexacosanol did not alter the diabetic status of the rats, but did significantly prevent the carbachol-induced hypercontractility in diabetic rat ileum. Estimation of the pA2 values for atropine, pirenzepine, methoctramine, and 4-DAMP indicated that the carbacholinduced contractile response in the ileum is mainly mediated through the muscarinic M3 receptor subtype in all groups. Furthermore, N-hexacosanol significantly prevented the diabetes-induced up-regulation of intestinal muscarinic M2 and M3 receptor mRNAs in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Our data indicated that N-hexacosanol exerts preventive effects with respect to carbachol-induced hypercontractility in the diabetic rat ileum without qualitative alteration of the muscarinic receptor system.
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n hexacosanol reverses diabetic induced muscarinic hypercontractility of ileum in the rat
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2006Co-Authors: Chiko Shinbori, Itaru Satoh, Tomoharu Kono, Takuya Hanada, Motoaki Saito, Yukako Kinoshita, Hiroto Suzuki, Eiji Nanba, Kaori Adachi, Masashi YamadaAbstract:Abstract Diabetic neuropathy, a major complication of diabetes mellitus, is associated with development of gastrointestinal motility dysfunction and autonomic neuropathy. N-hexacosanol has neurotrophic effects and exhibits a wide variety of biological actions. In this study, we investigated the effects of cyclohexenonic Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol (N-hexacosanol) on streptozotocin-diabetic hypercontractility in the rat ileum longitudinal muscles. Treatment with N-hexacosanol did not alter the diabetic status of the animals, i.e., body weight, serum glucose, and serum insulin levels, but significantly restored the thickness of intestine wall and ameliorated diabetes-induced hypercontractility of the rat ileum in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, N-hexacosanol reversed the diabetes-induced upregulation of intestinal muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors mRNAs in the streptozotocin-diabetic rats. These results indicate that N-hexacosanol has therapeutic effects on hypercontractility in the diabetic ileum by ameliorating overexpression of muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors mRNAs.
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effect of cyclohexenonic long chain Fatty Alcohol on rat overactive bladder induced by bladder neck obstruction
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: Motoaki Saito, Masashi Yamada, Katsuya Hikita, Yukako Kinoshita, Daisuke Houri, Ikuo Miyagawa, Hiroto Suzuki, Naoto Kobayashi, Keisuke SatohAbstract:Abstract We attempted to clarify the preventive effects of cyclohexenonic Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol on detrusor overactivity induced by mild bladder neck obstruction. Bladder neck obstruction was created by partial ligation of the urethra. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: those with bladder neck obstruction treated without Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol, those with bladder neck obstruction with Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol (8 mg/kg, i.p., every day) and the sham-operated control group (A, B, and C groups, respectively). Six weeks after the induction of bladder neck obstruction, voiding behavior was observed in the metabolic cage, and a cystometrogram was performed in the experimental animals. Furthermore, Hematoxylin and Eosin, Azan-Mallory, and Bodian stainings were performed in these bladders. Bladder weight, voiding behaviors and a cystometry indicated that rats in the A group showed detrusor overactivity, which was improved by treatment with Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol. The proportion of connective tissue and the density of bundles of neurofibers in the bladder of the A group was significantly less than that in the other bladders. Mild bladder neck obstruction induces detrusor overactivity, which is improved by treatment with Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol.
