The Experts below are selected from a list of 189 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kazuyuki Suzuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plasma amino acid status is useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage in calves with cryptosporidiosis.
Amino acids, 2020Co-Authors: Kenji Tsukano, Jeffrey Lakritz, Kazuyuki SuzukiAbstract:We hypothesize that some amino acid abnormalities in diarrheic calves are useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage, as in humans. However, few reports have revealed the relationship between intestinal mucosal damage and plasma amino acids in diarrheic calves. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between the amino acid status and plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, which is known to be a biomarker for intestinal mucosal damage in diarrheic calves. Twenty Holstein calves aged 12.6 ± 4.2 days old were enrolled in this study. In the diarrhea group (n = 10), there were yellow Loose Feces within the rectum and Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) was detected in all fecal samples. These calves were clinically normal except for diarrhea. All calves in the control group (n = 10) appeared to be healthy based on clinical findings with normal Feces production and the absence of C. parvum. Plasma amino acid concentrations and DAO activity were measured. The relationships between plasma DAO activity and the concentration of each plasma amino acid were investigated using Spearman's rank test. The plasma DAO activity was significantly lower in the diarrhea group (176.1 ± 60.1 IU mL-1) than in the control group (309.3 ± 74.8 IU mL-1) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, positive correlations were observed when comparing plasma DAO activity with histidine, proline, cystine, arginine, and glutamine concentrations. As a result of relationship between plasma DAO activity and amino acid status, it was concluded that plasma amino acid status is useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage in calves with cryptosporidiosis.
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Plasma amino acid status is useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage in calves with cryptosporidiosis
Amino Acids, 2020Co-Authors: Kenji Tsukano, Jeffrey Lakritz, Kazuyuki SuzukiAbstract:We hypothesize that some amino acid abnormalities in diarrheic calves are useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage, as in humans. However, few reports have revealed the relationship between intestinal mucosal damage and plasma amino acids in diarrheic calves. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between the amino acid status and plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, which is known to be a biomarker for intestinal mucosal damage in diarrheic calves. Twenty Holstein calves aged 12.6 ± 4.2 days old were enrolled in this study. In the diarrhea group ( n = 10), there were yellow Loose Feces within the rectum and Cryptosporidium parvum ( C. parvum ) was detected in all fecal samples. These calves were clinically normal except for diarrhea. All calves in the control group ( n = 10) appeared to be healthy based on clinical findings with normal Feces production and the absence of C. parvum . Plasma amino acid concentrations and DAO activity were measured. The relationships between plasma DAO activity and the concentration of each plasma amino acid were investigated using Spearman’s rank test. The plasma DAO activity was significantly lower in the diarrhea group (176.1 ± 60.1 IU mL^−1) than in the control group (309.3 ± 74.8 IU mL^−1) ( p
Kenji Tsukano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plasma amino acid status is useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage in calves with cryptosporidiosis.
Amino acids, 2020Co-Authors: Kenji Tsukano, Jeffrey Lakritz, Kazuyuki SuzukiAbstract:We hypothesize that some amino acid abnormalities in diarrheic calves are useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage, as in humans. However, few reports have revealed the relationship between intestinal mucosal damage and plasma amino acids in diarrheic calves. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between the amino acid status and plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, which is known to be a biomarker for intestinal mucosal damage in diarrheic calves. Twenty Holstein calves aged 12.6 ± 4.2 days old were enrolled in this study. In the diarrhea group (n = 10), there were yellow Loose Feces within the rectum and Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) was detected in all fecal samples. These calves were clinically normal except for diarrhea. All calves in the control group (n = 10) appeared to be healthy based on clinical findings with normal Feces production and the absence of C. parvum. Plasma amino acid concentrations and DAO activity were measured. The relationships between plasma DAO activity and the concentration of each plasma amino acid were investigated using Spearman's rank test. The plasma DAO activity was significantly lower in the diarrhea group (176.1 ± 60.1 IU mL-1) than in the control group (309.3 ± 74.8 IU mL-1) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, positive correlations were observed when comparing plasma DAO activity with histidine, proline, cystine, arginine, and glutamine concentrations. As a result of relationship between plasma DAO activity and amino acid status, it was concluded that plasma amino acid status is useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage in calves with cryptosporidiosis.
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Plasma amino acid status is useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage in calves with cryptosporidiosis
Amino Acids, 2020Co-Authors: Kenji Tsukano, Jeffrey Lakritz, Kazuyuki SuzukiAbstract:We hypothesize that some amino acid abnormalities in diarrheic calves are useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage, as in humans. However, few reports have revealed the relationship between intestinal mucosal damage and plasma amino acids in diarrheic calves. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between the amino acid status and plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, which is known to be a biomarker for intestinal mucosal damage in diarrheic calves. Twenty Holstein calves aged 12.6 ± 4.2 days old were enrolled in this study. In the diarrhea group ( n = 10), there were yellow Loose Feces within the rectum and Cryptosporidium parvum ( C. parvum ) was detected in all fecal samples. These calves were clinically normal except for diarrhea. All calves in the control group ( n = 10) appeared to be healthy based on clinical findings with normal Feces production and the absence of C. parvum . Plasma amino acid concentrations and DAO activity were measured. The relationships between plasma DAO activity and the concentration of each plasma amino acid were investigated using Spearman’s rank test. The plasma DAO activity was significantly lower in the diarrhea group (176.1 ± 60.1 IU mL^−1) than in the control group (309.3 ± 74.8 IU mL^−1) ( p
Jeffrey Lakritz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plasma amino acid status is useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage in calves with cryptosporidiosis.
Amino acids, 2020Co-Authors: Kenji Tsukano, Jeffrey Lakritz, Kazuyuki SuzukiAbstract:We hypothesize that some amino acid abnormalities in diarrheic calves are useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage, as in humans. However, few reports have revealed the relationship between intestinal mucosal damage and plasma amino acids in diarrheic calves. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between the amino acid status and plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, which is known to be a biomarker for intestinal mucosal damage in diarrheic calves. Twenty Holstein calves aged 12.6 ± 4.2 days old were enrolled in this study. In the diarrhea group (n = 10), there were yellow Loose Feces within the rectum and Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) was detected in all fecal samples. These calves were clinically normal except for diarrhea. All calves in the control group (n = 10) appeared to be healthy based on clinical findings with normal Feces production and the absence of C. parvum. Plasma amino acid concentrations and DAO activity were measured. The relationships between plasma DAO activity and the concentration of each plasma amino acid were investigated using Spearman's rank test. The plasma DAO activity was significantly lower in the diarrhea group (176.1 ± 60.1 IU mL-1) than in the control group (309.3 ± 74.8 IU mL-1) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, positive correlations were observed when comparing plasma DAO activity with histidine, proline, cystine, arginine, and glutamine concentrations. As a result of relationship between plasma DAO activity and amino acid status, it was concluded that plasma amino acid status is useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage in calves with cryptosporidiosis.
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Plasma amino acid status is useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage in calves with cryptosporidiosis
Amino Acids, 2020Co-Authors: Kenji Tsukano, Jeffrey Lakritz, Kazuyuki SuzukiAbstract:We hypothesize that some amino acid abnormalities in diarrheic calves are useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage, as in humans. However, few reports have revealed the relationship between intestinal mucosal damage and plasma amino acids in diarrheic calves. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between the amino acid status and plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, which is known to be a biomarker for intestinal mucosal damage in diarrheic calves. Twenty Holstein calves aged 12.6 ± 4.2 days old were enrolled in this study. In the diarrhea group ( n = 10), there were yellow Loose Feces within the rectum and Cryptosporidium parvum ( C. parvum ) was detected in all fecal samples. These calves were clinically normal except for diarrhea. All calves in the control group ( n = 10) appeared to be healthy based on clinical findings with normal Feces production and the absence of C. parvum . Plasma amino acid concentrations and DAO activity were measured. The relationships between plasma DAO activity and the concentration of each plasma amino acid were investigated using Spearman’s rank test. The plasma DAO activity was significantly lower in the diarrhea group (176.1 ± 60.1 IU mL^−1) than in the control group (309.3 ± 74.8 IU mL^−1) ( p
Kyoung-seong Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence of coronavirus from diarrheic calves in the Republic of Korea
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2018Co-Authors: Jinho Park, Du-gyeong Han, Suhee Kim, Jeong-byoung Chae, Joon-seok Chae, Kyoung-seong ChoiAbstract:Objective: To investigate the prevalence of bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine rotavirus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus in the Feces of normal and diarrheic Korean native calves aged 1-81 days between April and October of 2016 in the Republic of Korea. Methods: Samples were obtained from 50 normal and 93 diarrheic (56 semi-formed, 28 Loose, and 9 watery Feces) calves in six different regions of northern and southern Korea. These fecal samples were tested for BCoV, bovine rotavirus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus by RT-PCR. Results: Among the three pathogens examined, infection with BCoV was especially prominent in relation to diarrhea among calves aged 1-21 days [odds ratio (OR)=9.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-78.9; P=0.02). Infection with BCoV alone (OR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.1-7.6; P=0.03) or co-infection of BCoV with bovine viral diarrhea virus (OR=3.6; 95% CI: 1.0-12.4; P=0.04) was significantly associated with the development of Loose Feces. Grazing and colostrum intake strongly reduced the occurrence of diarrhea as compared to housed calves (OR=0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.4; P=0.00) and calves that had not been fed colostrum (OR=0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.7; P=0.02), respectively. Conclusions: The present study suggests that BCoV is involved in calf diarrhea in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, grazing and colostrum intake is recommended for preventing and controlling calf diarrhea caused by BCoV.
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Experimental infection with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus in mice induces megakaryopoiesis in the spleen and bone marrow
Archives of Virology, 2016Co-Authors: Giyong Seong, Jin-sol Lee, Kyung-hyun Lee, Kyoung-seong ChoiAbstract:Here, we infected mice with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (cp BVDV1) by oral inoculation and investigated the effects of infection by histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), hematological methods. Twelve mice were infected, and samples were obtained at day 2, 5, and 9 postinfection (pi). Most of the infected mice exhibited clinical signs of illness such as reduced movement, crouching, Loose Feces, loss of appetite, and reduced water intake. Blood samples from six mice were positive for BVDV based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Blood analysis also revealed thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia. Viral antigens were detected in the spleen (12/12), bone marrow (12/12), and/or mesenteric lymph nodes (4/12) of all infected mice by IHC analysis. The spleens showed significant histopathological changes including (i) substantially increased numbers of megakaryocytes, (ii) lymphocyte depletion, and (iii) hemorrhages. The bone marrow also had an increased number of megakaryocytes, although this increase was not as strong as it was in the spleen. Severe lymphoid depletion was observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Viral infections were present in the lymphocytes but not detected in megakaryocytes of the spleen, bone marrow, or mesenteric lymph nodes. These results suggest that the increased numbers of megakaryocytes may be a direct result of BVDV infection. BVDV infection in mice following oral inoculation of cp BVDV1 leads to megakaryopoiesis in the spleen and bone marrow to replenish the platelets.
James Crona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Abstract LB-B33: Nonclinical safety evaluation of two distinct second generation variants of anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody, ipilimumab, in monkeys
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2018Co-Authors: Karen Price, Frank Simutis, Anthony M. Fletcher, Lila Ramaiah, Rima Srour, John C. Kozlosky, John J. Engelhardt, Annette Capozzi, Jean Sathish, James CronaAbstract:Ipilimumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), an inhibitory receptor expressed on activated effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg), that inhibits the binding of CTLA4 to B7 ligands. BMS-986218 and BMS-986249 are second generation molecules that share the same amino acid sequence and ligand blocking properties as ipilimumab, but are mechanistically distinct. BMS-986218 is non-fucosylated (NF) and has an increased affinity for the activating Fcγ receptor (FcγR, CD16) affording the possibility of increased anti-tumor activity via depletion of Treg in the tumor. In contrast, BMS-986249 is a Probody™ of ipilimumab that has a masking peptide covering the active antigen-binding site of the antibody which is clipped by specific proteases within tumors, exposing the fully active antibody, and potentially offering reduced systemic toxicity liabilities with comparable efficacy to ipilimumab. In 1-month toxicity studies in monkeys (n = 5/sex/group) at weekly doses of 3, 15, or 75 mg/kg IV of BMS-986218 or 10 or 50 mg/kg IV of BMS-986249 or ipilimumab, profound enhancement of peripheral T-cell activation occurred in a dose-dependent manner for all 3 compounds following neoantigen immunization (keyhole limpet hemocyanin [KLH], HIV necessary and enforcing factor [Nef], and HIV group specific antigen [Gag] peptides), consistent with target pharmacology. Consistent with the intended mechanistic differences, peripheral T cell activation was generally increased at corresponding doses of BMS-986218 compared to ipilimumab, and was delayed and reduced in monkeys given BMS-986249. BMS-986218, ipilimumab, and BMS-986249 were clinically tolerated by monkeys at doses up to 3, 10, and 50 mg/kg, respectively, with generally mild, Loose Feces in some monkeys and/or minimal body weight decrease. At higher doses, early euthanasia occurred for 1 and 6 monkeys at 15 and 75 mg/kg BMS-986218, respectively, from Days 22-53 and 1 monkey at 50 mg/kg ipilimumab on Day 55 due to profound clinical toxicity. The predominant microscopic finding was generally dose-related lymphohistiocytic inflammation within a variety of tissues at all doses for all compounds, with BMS-986218 resulting in the greatest incidence, severity, and distribution of tissues and BMS-986249 having the least effects. The GI tract (stomach, cecum, and colon) and the kidney were the most severely and consistently affected, whereas additional organs were affected at higher doses. Most changes were partially or fully reversible during an 8-week recovery period with the exceptions of one monkey at 75 mg/kg BMS-986218 and one monkey at 50 mg/kg ipilimumab that were euthanatized on Days 53 or 55 due to unresolved GI toxicity, persistent lymphohistocytic inflammation, and/or unchanged or progressive increases in AST and ALT. Based on the tolerability and generally mild severity of lymphohistiocytic tissue inflammation, the highest non-severely toxic doses (HNSTD) for BMS-986218, ipilimumab, and BMS-986249 in monkeys following 1 month of dosing were 3 mg/kg (mean AUC 0-168h = 11,300 μg•h/mL), 10 mg/kg (AUC[0-168h] =44,600 µg·h/mL), and 50 mg/kg (AUC[0-168h] =205,000 µg·h/mL), respectively. Overall, these results support the potential of these 2nd generation anti-CTLA4 antibodies to offer an improved risk /benefit profile with increased activity of the NF variant and improved safety of the Probody™ relative to ipilimumab. Citation Format: Karen D. Price, Frank Simutis, Anthony Fletcher, Lila Ramaiah, Rima Srour, John Kozlosky, Jean Sathish, John Engelhardt, Annette Capozzi, James Crona, Courtni Newsome, Jennifer Wheeler, Daniel Szatkowski, Austin Thekkumthala, Bojing Wang, Wendy Freebern, Helen Haggerty, Todd Bunch, Michael Graziano. Nonclinical safety evaluation of two distinct second generation variants of anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody, ipilimumab, in monkeys [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-B33.
