The Experts below are selected from a list of 2931 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
William D S Killgore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chronic sleep restriction differentially affects implicit biases toward food among men and women: preliminary evidence
Journal of Sleep Research, 2017Co-Authors: Anna Alkozei, William D S Killgore, Ryan Smith, Natalie S. Dailey, Sahil Bajaj, Adam C. Raikes, Monika HaackAbstract:Chronic sleep restriction and obesity are two major public health concerns. This study investigated how chronic sleep restriction changes implicit attitudes towards Low- and high-Calorie Foods. In a randomized, counterbalanced cross-over design, 17 participants (eight females, nine males) underwent two laboratory testing sessions where they were either sleep-restricted for 3 weeks (i.e. underwent three weekly cycles of 5 nights of 4 h of sleep folLowed by 2 nights of 8 h of sleep opportunity) or received 3 weeks of control sleep (i.e. 8 h of sleep opportunity per night for 3 weeks). There was evidence for a significant sleep condition x sex interaction (F(1, 20) = 4.60, P = 0.04). After chronic sleep restriction, men showed a trend towards a significant decrease in their implicit attitudes favouring Low-Calorie Foods (P = 0.08), whereas women did not show a significant change (P = 0.16). Men may be at increased risk of weight gain when sleep-deprived due to a reduced bias towards Low-Calorie Foods.
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Physical exercise and brain responses to images of high-Calorie food.
Neuroreport, 2013Co-Authors: William D S Killgore, Olga Tkachenko, Lily A. Preer, Hannah Gogel, John S. Bark, Elizabeth A. Olson, Elizabeth Mundy, Zachary J Schwab, Maia Kipman, Mareen WeberAbstract:Physical exercise has many health benefits, including improved cardiovascular fitness, lean muscle development, increased metabolism, and weight loss, as well as positive effects on brain functioning and cognition. Recent evidence suggests that regular physical exercise may also affect the responsiveness of reward regions of the brain to food stimuli. We examined whether the total number of minutes of self-reported weekly physical exercise was related to the responsiveness of appetite and food reward-related brain regions to visual presentations of high-Calorie and Low-Calorie food images during functional MRI. Second, we examined whether such responses would correlate with self-reported food preferences. While undergoing scanning, 37 healthy adults (22 men) viewed images of high-Calorie and Low-Calorie Foods and provided desirability ratings for each food image. The correlation between exercise minutes per week and brain responses to the primary condition contrast (high-Calorie>Low-Calorie) was evaluated within the amygdala, insula, and medial orbitofrontal cortex, brain regions previously implicated in responses to food images. Higher levels of exercise were significantly correlated with Lower responsiveness within the medial orbitofrontal cortex and left insula to high-Calorie Foods. Furthermore, activation of these regions was positively correlated with preference ratings for high-Calorie Foods, particularly those with a savory flavor. These findings suggest that physical exercise may be associated with reduced activation in food-responsive reward regions, which are in turn associated with reduced preferences for unhealthy high-Calorie Foods. Physical exercise may confer secondary health benefits beyond its primary effects on cardiovascular fitness and energy expenditure.
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Daytime sleepiness affects prefrontal regulation of food intake
NeuroImage, 2013Co-Authors: William D S Killgore, Melissa R. Weiner, Zachary J Schwab, Maia Kipman, Sophie R Deldonno, Mareen Weber, Scott L RauchAbstract:Abstract The recent epidemic of obesity corresponds closely with the decline in the average number of hours of sleep obtained nightly. While growing research suggests that sleep loss may affect hormonal and other physiological systems related to food intake, no studies have yet explored the role that sleepiness may play in reducing prefrontal inhibitory control over food intake. Because evidence suggests that women may be more prone to obesity and eating disorders, as well as more likely to suffer from sleep problems, we examined the relation between general daytime sleepiness, brain responses to food stimuli, and self-reported overeating separately for men and women. Thirty-eight healthy adults (16 women; 22 men) aged 18 to 45 underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing pictures of high- and Low-Calorie Foods. Subjects completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and provided a rating to the query “how often do you eat more than you intend to.” Contrast images comparing brain activation derived from the high- versus Low-Calorie conditions were correlated voxel-wise with scores from the ESS in a second-level regression model, the output of which was used to predict self-reported overeating. As hypothesized, daytime sleepiness correlated with reduced activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during perception of high- versus Low-Calorie food images. Moreover, activation within this cluster predicted overeating, but only for women. Findings suggest that normal fluctuations in sleepiness may be sufficient to affect brain regions important for regulating food intake, but that these effects may differ between men and women.
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Sex differences in cerebral responses to images of high versus Low-Calorie food.
Neuroreport, 2010Co-Authors: William D S Killgore, Deborah A. Yurgelun-toddAbstract:Men and women differ in cerebral organization and prevalence rates of eating disorders. However, no studies have yet examined sex differences in cerebral responses to the caloric content of food images. Sixteen healthy adults (eight men; eight women) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing images of high-Calorie and Low-Calorie Foods. Compared with men, women showed significantly greater activation to Calorie-rich Foods within dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, middle/posterior cingulate, and insula. Men failed to show greater activation in any cortical region compared with women, although amygdala responses were greater in men at a more liberal threshold. When viewing high-Calorie food images, women seem more responsive than men within cortical regions involved in behavioral control and self-referential cognition.
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sex differences in cerebral responses to images of high versus Low Calorie food
Neuroreport, 2010Co-Authors: William D S Killgore, Deborah A YurgeluntoddAbstract:Men and women differ in cerebral organization and prevalence rates of eating disorders. However, no studies have yet examined sex differences in cerebral responses to the caloric content of food images. Sixteen healthy adults (8 men; 8 women) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing images of high- and Low-Calorie Foods. Compared to men, women showed significantly greater activation to Calorie-rich Foods within dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, middle/posterior cingulate, and insula. Men failed to show greater activation in any cortical region compared to women, although amygdala responses were greater in men at a more liberal threshold. When viewing high-Calorie food images, women appear more responsive than men within cortical regions involved in behavioral control and self-referential cognition.
Maria G. Veldhuizen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tVNS Increases Liking of Orally Sampled Low-Fat Foods: A Pilot Study
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Lina Öztürk, Pia Elisa Büning, Eleni Frangos, Guillaume De Lartigue, Maria G. VeldhuizenAbstract:Recently a role for the vagus nerve in conditioning food preferences was established in rodents. In a prospective controlled clinical trial in humans, invasive vagus nerve stimulation shifted food choice toward Lower fat content. Here we explored whether hedonic aspects of an orally sampled food stimulus can be modulated by non-invasive transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) in humans. In healthy participants (n = 10, five women, 20–32 years old, no obesity) we tested liking and wanting ratings of food samples with varying fat or sugar content with or without tVNS in a sham-controlled within-participants design. To determine effects of tVNS on food intake, we also measured voluntary consumption of milkshake. Spontaneous eye blink rate was measured as a proxy for dopamine tone. Liking of Low-fat, but not high-fat puddings, was higher for tVNS relative to sham stimulation. Other outcomes showed no differences. These findings support a role for the vagus nerve promoting post-ingestive reward signals. Our results suggest that tVNS may be used to increase liking of Low-Calorie Foods, which may support healthier food choices.
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tvns increases liking of orally sampled Low fat Foods a pilot study
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Lina Öztürk, Pia Elisa Büning, Eleni Frangos, Guillaume De Lartigue, Maria G. VeldhuizenAbstract:Recently a role for the vagus nerve in conditioning food preferences was established in rodents. In a prospective controlled clinical trial in humans invasive vagus nerve stimulation shifted food choice towards Lower fat content. Here we explored whether hedonic aspects of an orally sampled food stimulus can be modulated by non-invasive transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) in humans. In healthy participants (n=10, 5 women, 20-32 years old, no obesity) we tested liking and wanting ratings of food samples with varying fat or sugar content with or without tVNS in a sham-controlled within-participants design. To determine effects of tVNS on food intake, we also measured voluntary consumption of milkshake. Spontaneous eye blink rate was measured as a proxy for dopamine tone. Liking of Low-fat, but not high-fat puddings, was higher for tVNS relative to sham stimulation. Other outcomes showed no differences. These findings support a role for the vagus nerve promoting post-ingestive reward signals. Our results suggest that tVNS may be used to increase liking of Low-Calorie Foods, which may support healthier food choices.
Shiriki K. Kumanyika - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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family food purchases of high and Low Calorie Foods in full service supermarkets and other food retailers by black women in an urban us setting
Preventive medicine reports, 2018Co-Authors: Benjamin W Chrisinger, Katherine Isselmann Disantis, Amy Hillier, Shiriki K. KumanyikaAbstract:Abstract Public health interventions to increase supermarket access assume that shopping in supermarkets is associated with healthier food purchases compared to other store types. To test this assumption, we compared purchasing patterns by store-type for certain higher-Calorie, less healthy Foods (HCF) and Lower-Calorie, healthier Foods (LCF) in a sample of 35 black women household shoppers in Philadelphia, PA. Data analyzed were from 450 food shopping receipts collected by these shoppers over four-week periods in 2012. We compared the likelihood of purchasing the HCF (sugar-sweetened beverages, sweet/salty snacks, and grain-based snacks) and LCF (Low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables) at full-service supermarkets and six other types of food retailers, using generalized estimating equations. Thirty-seven percent of participants had household incomes at or beLow the poverty line, and 54% had a BMI >30. Participants shopped primarily at full-service supermarkets (55%) or discount/limited assortment supermarkets (22%), making an average of 11 shopping trips over a 4-week period and spending mean (SD) of $350 ($222). Of full-service supermarket receipts, 64% included at least one HCF item and 58% at least one LCF. Most trips including HCF (58%) and LCF (60%) expenditures were to full-service or discount/limited assortment supermarkets rather than smaller stores. Spending a greater percent of total dollars in full-service supermarkets was associated with spending more on HCF (p = 0.03) but not LCF items (p = 0.26). These findings in black women suggest a need for more attention to supermarket interventions that change retailing practices and/or consumer shopping behaviors related to Foods in the HCF categories examined.
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Buying food on sale: a mixed methods study with shoppers at an urban supermarket, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2010-2012.
Preventing Chronic Disease, 2014Co-Authors: Etienne Phipps, Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Shana D. Stites, S. Brook Singletary, Clarissa Cooblall, Katherine Isselmann DisantisAbstract:Introduction The obesity epidemic has drawn attention to food marketing practices that may increase the likelihood of caloric overconsumption and weight gain. We explored the associations of discounted prices on supermarket purchases of selected high-Calorie Foods (HCF) and more healthful, Low-Calorie Foods (LCF) by a demographic group at high risk of obesity.
Katherine Isselmann Disantis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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family food purchases of high and Low Calorie Foods in full service supermarkets and other food retailers by black women in an urban us setting
Preventive medicine reports, 2018Co-Authors: Benjamin W Chrisinger, Katherine Isselmann Disantis, Amy Hillier, Shiriki K. KumanyikaAbstract:Abstract Public health interventions to increase supermarket access assume that shopping in supermarkets is associated with healthier food purchases compared to other store types. To test this assumption, we compared purchasing patterns by store-type for certain higher-Calorie, less healthy Foods (HCF) and Lower-Calorie, healthier Foods (LCF) in a sample of 35 black women household shoppers in Philadelphia, PA. Data analyzed were from 450 food shopping receipts collected by these shoppers over four-week periods in 2012. We compared the likelihood of purchasing the HCF (sugar-sweetened beverages, sweet/salty snacks, and grain-based snacks) and LCF (Low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables) at full-service supermarkets and six other types of food retailers, using generalized estimating equations. Thirty-seven percent of participants had household incomes at or beLow the poverty line, and 54% had a BMI >30. Participants shopped primarily at full-service supermarkets (55%) or discount/limited assortment supermarkets (22%), making an average of 11 shopping trips over a 4-week period and spending mean (SD) of $350 ($222). Of full-service supermarket receipts, 64% included at least one HCF item and 58% at least one LCF. Most trips including HCF (58%) and LCF (60%) expenditures were to full-service or discount/limited assortment supermarkets rather than smaller stores. Spending a greater percent of total dollars in full-service supermarkets was associated with spending more on HCF (p = 0.03) but not LCF items (p = 0.26). These findings in black women suggest a need for more attention to supermarket interventions that change retailing practices and/or consumer shopping behaviors related to Foods in the HCF categories examined.
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Buying food on sale: a mixed methods study with shoppers at an urban supermarket, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2010-2012.
Preventing Chronic Disease, 2014Co-Authors: Etienne Phipps, Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Shana D. Stites, S. Brook Singletary, Clarissa Cooblall, Katherine Isselmann DisantisAbstract:Introduction The obesity epidemic has drawn attention to food marketing practices that may increase the likelihood of caloric overconsumption and weight gain. We explored the associations of discounted prices on supermarket purchases of selected high-Calorie Foods (HCF) and more healthful, Low-Calorie Foods (LCF) by a demographic group at high risk of obesity.
Rebecca J Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differential activation of the frontal pole to high vs Low Calorie Foods the neural basis of food preference in anorexia nervosa
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2016Co-Authors: Jessica C Scaife, Lauren R Godier, Andrea Reinecke, Catherine J Harmer, Rebecca J ParkAbstract:Neuroimaging studies in anorexia nervosa (AN) suggest that altered food reward processing may result from dysfunction in both limbic reward and cortical control centers of the brain. This fMRI study aimed to index the neural correlates of food reward in a subsample of individuals with restrictive AN: twelve currently ill, fourteen recovered individuals and sixteen healthy controls. Participants were shown pictures of high and Low-Calorie Foods and asked to evaluate how much they wanted to eat each one folLowing a four hour fast. Whole-brain task-activated analysis was folLowed by psychophysiological interaction analysis (PPI) of the amygdala and caudate. In the AN group, we observed a differential pattern of activation in the lateral frontal pole: increasing folLowing presentation of high-Calorie stimuli and decreasing in during presentation of Low-Calorie food pictures, the opposite of which was seen in the healthy control (HC) group. In addition, decreased activation to food pictures was observed in somatosensory regions in the AN group. PPI analyses suggested hypo-connectivity in reward pathways, and between the caudate and both somatosensory and visual processing regions in the AN group. No significant between-group differences were observed between the recovered group and the currently ill and healthy controls in the PPI analysis. Taken together, these findings further our understanding of the neural processes which may underpin the avoidance of high-Calorie Foods in those with AN and might exacerbate the development of compulsive weight-loss behavior, despite emaciation.
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liking compared with wanting for high and Low Calorie Foods in anorexia nervosa aberrant food reward even after weight restoration
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013Co-Authors: Felicity A Cowdrey, Graham Finlayson, Rebecca J ParkAbstract:Background: Recent frameworks for understanding food rewards recognize the role of separable affective and motivational processes (liking and wanting) in driving human eating behavior. Separate assessments of liking and wanting may aid in understanding the complex eating-related behaviors seen in anorexia nervosa (AN). Objective: The aim of this study was to examine separately liking and wanting for Foods of different energy densities in women at different stages of AN and in healthy volunteers at both an implicit and an explicit level. Design: Explicit liking and wanting responses to high- and LowCalorie Foods were derived from analog ratings, whereas an implicit “wanting” measure was identified by using reaction time in a forcedchoice procedure. Explicit and implicit processes were compared across 3 groups of AN participants (current AN, weight-restored AN, and recovered AN) and healthy volunteers. Results: Currently underweight AN participants explicitly wanted high-Calorie Foods less than did the other groups. Both current and weight-restored AN groups demonstrated significantly less implicit “wanting” for high-Calorie Foods and more implicit “wanting” for Low-Calorie Foods—an inverted pattern to never-ill participants. Conclusions: The aberrant responses to food that characterize AN may be driven more by altered motivational salience (“wanting”) than by explicit liking responses. This pattern of aberrant food reward appears to be independent of weight status. Examining the processes that motivate approach or avoidance of Low- and high-Calorie Foods in AN may aid the development of targeted strategies to augment existing interventions. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.046011.
