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M. Uusitupa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Low fat stanol ester enriched margarines on concentrations of serum carotenoids in subjects with elevated serum Cholesterol concentrations
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: M. A. Hallikainen, Essi Sarkkinen, M. UusitupaAbstract:Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, FinlandObjective: To investigate the effects of Low-fat stanol ester margarines on concentrations of serum carotenoids.Design: A randomized parallel double-blind study design consisting of a 4-week run-in (high-fat Diet) and an 8-week experimental (Low-fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet) period. During the experimental Diet period subjects consumedLow-fat wood stanol ester (WSEM), vegetable oil stanol ester (VOSEM) or control (no stanol esters) margarinedaily. The daily mean total stanol intake was 2.31 and 2.16 g in the WSEM and VOSEM groups, respectively.Setting: Outpatient clinical trial with free-living subjects.Subjects: Altogether, 60 hyperCholesterolaemic subjects were selected for the study out of 91 originallyscreened. The study was completed by 55 subjects.Main outcomes measures: Serum a- and b-carotene and lycopene determined by the HPLC.Results: Serum a-carotene concentration did not change significantly in either of the experimental groups,whereas b-carotene concentration decreased significantly in the WSEM and VOSEM groups (P<0.01), and thechange differed significantly (P<0.05 and P <0.01, respectively) from that of the control group. Decrease ina+b-carotene concentration was significantly greater (P <0.05) in both experimental groups than in the controlgroup. However, the change in a-, b-ora+b-carotene=total Cholesterol ratio did not differ significantly amongthe groups. No significant changes were found in serum lycopene or lycopene=total Cholesterol ratio in bothexperimental groups.Conclusions: Low-fat stanol ester margarines appeared to have little effect on serum concentrations of a-, b-ora+ b-carotene, or lycopene.Sponsorship: Grant to the University of Kuopio by Raisio Benecol Ltd, Raisio, Finland.Descriptors: plant sterols; carotenoid; lycopene; a-carotene; b-carotene; Cholesterol
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effects of 2 Low fat stanol ester containing margarines on serum Cholesterol concentrations as part of a Low fat Diet in hyperCholesterolemic subjects
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: M. A. Hallikainen, M. UusitupaAbstract:Background: Full-fat sitostanol ester‐containing margarine reduces serum total and LDL Cholesterol, but the effect of plant stanol ester‐containing margarine as part of a Low-fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet has not been studied. Objective: We investigated the Cholesterol-Lowering effects of 2 novel, Low-fat stanol ester‐containing margarines as part of a Low-fat Diet recommended for hyperCholesterolemic subjects. Design: In a parallel, double-blind study, 55 hyperCholesterolemic subjects were randomly assigned after a 4-wk high-fat Diet (baseline) to 3 Low-fat margarine groups: wood stanol ester‐containing margarine (WSEM), vegetable oil stanol ester‐containing margarine (VOSEM), and control margarine (no stanol esters). The groups consumed the margarines for 8 wk as part of a Diet resembling that of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Step II Diet. The daily mean total stanol intake was 2.31 and 2.16 g in the WSEM and VOSEM groups, respectively. Results: During the experimental period, the reduction in serum total Cholesterol was 10.6% (P < 0.001) and 8.1% (P < 0.05) greater and in LDL Cholesterol was 13.7% (P < 0.01) and 8.6% (P = 0.072) greater in the WSEM and VOSEM groups, respectively, than in the control group. Serum campesterol concentrations decreased 34.5% and 41.3% (P < 0.001) in the WSEM and VOSEM groups, respectively. Serum HDL Cholesterol, sitostanol, campestanol, b-carotene, and fat-soluble vitamin concentrations did not change significantly from baseline. Conclusions: We conclude that the Low-fat, plant stanol ester‐containing margarines are effective Cholesterol-Lowering products in hyperCholesterolemic subjects when used as part of a Low-fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet. They offer an additional, clinically significant reduction in serum Cholesterol concentrations to that obtained with a Low-fat Diet alone. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:403‐10.
Lawrence J. Appel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inflammation modifies the effects of a reduced fat Low Cholesterol Diet on lipids results from the dash sodium trial
Circulation, 2003Co-Authors: Thomas P Erlinger, Edgar R Miller, Jeanne Charleston, Lawrence J. AppelAbstract:Background— Inflammatory mediators regulate key aspects of lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that inflammation could diminish the Cholesterol-Lowering effect of a reduced-fat/Low-Cholesterol Diet. Methods and Results— After a 2-week run-in period on a control Diet (37% total fat, 16% saturated fat), 100 participants were randomized to the control or DASH Diet (27% total fat, 6% saturated fat) for 12 weeks. Median C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline was 2.37 mg/L (interquartile range, 1.20, 3.79). The DASH Diet, net of control, had no effect on CRP. Overall, there were significant net reductions in total (−0.34 mmol/L), LDL (−0.29 mmol/L), and HDL (−0.12 mmol/L) Cholesterol from the DASH Diet (each, P<0.001) and little change in triglycerides (+0.05 mmol/L, P=0.21). Baseline CRP was strongly associated with lipid responsiveness to the DASH Diet. Total and LDL Cholesterol were reduced to a greater degree in those with a “Low” (beLow median) compared with a “high” (above median) baseline CRP (total, −9.8% v...
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inflammation modifies the effects of a reduced fat Low Cholesterol Diet on lipids results from the dash sodium trial
Circulation, 2003Co-Authors: Thomas P Erlinger, Edgar R Miller, Jeanne Charleston, Lawrence J. AppelAbstract:BACKGROUND: Inflammatory mediators regulate key aspects of lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that inflammation could diminish the Cholesterol-Lowering effect of a reduced-fat/Low-Cholesterol Diet. METHODS AND RESULTS: After a 2-week run-in period on a control Diet (37% total fat, 16% saturated fat), 100 participants were randomized to the control or DASH Diet (27% total fat, 6% saturated fat) for 12 weeks. Median C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline was 2.37 mg/L (interquartile range, 1.20, 3.79). The DASH Diet, net of control, had no effect on CRP. Overall, there were significant net reductions in total (-0.34 mmol/L), LDL (-0.29 mmol/L), and HDL (-0.12 mmol/L) Cholesterol from the DASH Diet (each, P<0.001) and little change in triglycerides (+0.05 mmol/L, P=0.21). Baseline CRP was strongly associated with lipid responsiveness to the DASH Diet. Total and LDL Cholesterol were reduced to a greater degree in those with a "Low" (beLow median) compared with a "high" (above median) baseline CRP (total, -9.8% versus -3%; P for interaction=0.006; LDL Cholesterol, -11.8% versus -3%; P for interaction=0.009). Reductions in HDL Cholesterol (-8.8%) were similar in persons with Low versus high CRP. Triglycerides were increased in those with a high CRP but not in those with a Low CRP (19.8% versus +0%; P for interaction=0.019). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the presence of increased CRP was associated with less total and LDL Cholesterol reduction and a greater increase in triglycerides from a reduced-fat/Low-Cholesterol Diet. These findings document an additional mechanism by which inflammation might increase cardiovascular disease risk.
Olli Simell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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blood pressure is Lower in children and adolescents with a Low saturated fat Diet since infancy the special turku coronary risk factor intervention project
Hypertension, 2009Co-Authors: Harri Niinikoski, Tapani Ronnemaa, Jorma Viikari, Eero Jokinen, Antti Jula, Pekka Heino, Hanna Lagstrom, Olli SimellAbstract:Blood pressure was measured in the prospective randomized Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project Study with an oscillometric method every year from 7 months to 15 years of age in 540 children receiving a Low-saturated-fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet and in 522 control children. Dietary intakes, family history of parental hypertension, and grandparental vascular disease were recorded. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 1.0 mm Hg Lower (95% CI for systolic: -1.7 to -0.2 mm Hg; 95% CI for diastolic: -1.5 to -0.4 mm Hg) in children receiving Low-saturated-fat counseling through childhood than in control children. Intakes of saturated fat were Lower (P<0.001), those of polyunsaturated fat higher (P<0.001), and intakes of potassium slightly higher (P=0.002) in the intervention group, but sodium intakes were not influenced by the intervention (P=0.76). Children whose parents were hypertensive had 4- to 6-mm Hg higher systolic and 3- to 4-mm Hg higher diastolic blood pressures than children of normotensive parents (P<0.001). Diastolic blood pressure of children with grandparental vascular disease, ie, early cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, tended to be higher than that of children with no grandparental disease (P=0.051). We conclude that restriction of saturated fat from infancy until 15 years of age decreases childhood and adolescent blood pressure with a meaningful population-attributable amount. The importance of childhood lifestyle counseling and primary prevention of hypertension should be emphasized, especially in those children with a family history of hypertension or atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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serum Cholesterol ester fatty acids in 7 and 13 month old children in a prospective randomized trial of a Low saturated fat Low Cholesterol Diet the strip baby project
Acta Paediatrica, 2007Co-Authors: P. Salo, Tapani Ronnemaa, Jorma Viikari, Mauri M. Hämäläinen, Eero Jokinen, Ilkka Välimäki, Helena Lapinleimu, T Routi, Ritva Seppanen, Olli SimellAbstract:To evaluate changes that occur in serum Cholesterol ester fatty acid composition during the transition from typical infant feeding to a more adult type of nutrition, this study compared the effects on serum Cholesterol ester fatty acids of breast milk or formula at the age of 7 mo with effects caused by 6-mo Dietary intervention in 137 children. The intervention [Special Turku coronary Risk factor Intervention Project for children (STRIP baby project)] aimed at a reduction of saturated fat intake to 10% of energy after the age of 1 y without purposefully influencing total fat intake. Nutrient intakes were calculated from 3-d food records. At the age of 7 mo, i.e. before Dietary education began, milk type markedly influenced Dietary and serum Cholesterol ester fatty acid composition (mean serum Cholesterol ester 16:0 in breastfed vs formula-fed infants, 13.7% vs 12.0%, respectively, p < 0.001; serum Cholesterol ester 18:2n-6 50.6% vs 57.6%, p < 0.001). At the age of 13 mo the calculated fat intake of the intervention and control children differed markedly but serum Cholesterol ester fatty acid compositions in all children resembled closely those measured in 7-mo-old breastfed infants, e.g. at the age of 13 mo the relative proportions of 18:2n-6 were 49.9% and 51.1% in previously formula-fed intervention and control children, respectively, and 50.3% and 50.1% in previously breastfed intervention and control children, respectively. In conclusion, serum Cholesterol ester fatty acid composition reflected differences in Dietary fat quality (breast milk or formula) at the age of 7 mo, whereas Dietary intervention as applied in the STRIP baby project had only a minimal effect. □Cholesterol esters, Dietary intervention, fatty acids, infant feeding
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plant stanol ester margarine Lowers serum total and Low density lipoprotein Cholesterol concentrations of healthy children the strip project
The Journal of Pediatrics, 2000Co-Authors: Anne Tammi, Tapani Ronnemaa, Leena Rasknissila, Jorma Viikari, Juhani Tuominen, Kari Pulkki, Olli SimellAbstract:Abstract Objective: To investigate Cholesterol-Lowering efficacy and safety of plant stanol ester margarine in healthy 6-year-old children already consuming a Low-saturated-fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet. Study design: Eighty-one intervention children from the STRIP project, a randomized prospective trial aimed at reducing exposure of young children to the known environmental atherosclerosis risk factors, were recruited to this double-blind crossover study at 6 years of age. In randomized order the families were advised to replace daily 20 g of the child’s Dietary fat intake with plant stanol ester margarine or control margarine for 3 months. The washout period lasted 6 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed according to intention-to-treat principle with analysis of variance for crossover design. Results: The mean daily plant stanol ester margarine consumption was 18.2 g (1.5 g plant stanol). The well-tolerated plant stanol ester margarine reduced serum total and Low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol concentrations by 5.4% and 7.5%, respectively ( P =.0001 for both). The serum high-density lipoprotein Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and α-tocopherol to Low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol ratio remained unchanged. The serum β-carotene to Low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol ratio decreased by 19% ( P =.003). Conclusion: Plant stanol ester margarine significantly diminishes serum total and Low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol concentration without adverse clinical effects in healthy children who already consume a Low-saturated-fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet but decreases the serum β-carotene to Low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol ratio.(J Pediatr 2000;136:503-10)
M. A. Hallikainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Low fat stanol ester enriched margarines on concentrations of serum carotenoids in subjects with elevated serum Cholesterol concentrations
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: M. A. Hallikainen, Essi Sarkkinen, M. UusitupaAbstract:Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, FinlandObjective: To investigate the effects of Low-fat stanol ester margarines on concentrations of serum carotenoids.Design: A randomized parallel double-blind study design consisting of a 4-week run-in (high-fat Diet) and an 8-week experimental (Low-fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet) period. During the experimental Diet period subjects consumedLow-fat wood stanol ester (WSEM), vegetable oil stanol ester (VOSEM) or control (no stanol esters) margarinedaily. The daily mean total stanol intake was 2.31 and 2.16 g in the WSEM and VOSEM groups, respectively.Setting: Outpatient clinical trial with free-living subjects.Subjects: Altogether, 60 hyperCholesterolaemic subjects were selected for the study out of 91 originallyscreened. The study was completed by 55 subjects.Main outcomes measures: Serum a- and b-carotene and lycopene determined by the HPLC.Results: Serum a-carotene concentration did not change significantly in either of the experimental groups,whereas b-carotene concentration decreased significantly in the WSEM and VOSEM groups (P<0.01), and thechange differed significantly (P<0.05 and P <0.01, respectively) from that of the control group. Decrease ina+b-carotene concentration was significantly greater (P <0.05) in both experimental groups than in the controlgroup. However, the change in a-, b-ora+b-carotene=total Cholesterol ratio did not differ significantly amongthe groups. No significant changes were found in serum lycopene or lycopene=total Cholesterol ratio in bothexperimental groups.Conclusions: Low-fat stanol ester margarines appeared to have little effect on serum concentrations of a-, b-ora+ b-carotene, or lycopene.Sponsorship: Grant to the University of Kuopio by Raisio Benecol Ltd, Raisio, Finland.Descriptors: plant sterols; carotenoid; lycopene; a-carotene; b-carotene; Cholesterol
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effects of 2 Low fat stanol ester containing margarines on serum Cholesterol concentrations as part of a Low fat Diet in hyperCholesterolemic subjects
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: M. A. Hallikainen, M. UusitupaAbstract:Background: Full-fat sitostanol ester‐containing margarine reduces serum total and LDL Cholesterol, but the effect of plant stanol ester‐containing margarine as part of a Low-fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet has not been studied. Objective: We investigated the Cholesterol-Lowering effects of 2 novel, Low-fat stanol ester‐containing margarines as part of a Low-fat Diet recommended for hyperCholesterolemic subjects. Design: In a parallel, double-blind study, 55 hyperCholesterolemic subjects were randomly assigned after a 4-wk high-fat Diet (baseline) to 3 Low-fat margarine groups: wood stanol ester‐containing margarine (WSEM), vegetable oil stanol ester‐containing margarine (VOSEM), and control margarine (no stanol esters). The groups consumed the margarines for 8 wk as part of a Diet resembling that of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Step II Diet. The daily mean total stanol intake was 2.31 and 2.16 g in the WSEM and VOSEM groups, respectively. Results: During the experimental period, the reduction in serum total Cholesterol was 10.6% (P < 0.001) and 8.1% (P < 0.05) greater and in LDL Cholesterol was 13.7% (P < 0.01) and 8.6% (P = 0.072) greater in the WSEM and VOSEM groups, respectively, than in the control group. Serum campesterol concentrations decreased 34.5% and 41.3% (P < 0.001) in the WSEM and VOSEM groups, respectively. Serum HDL Cholesterol, sitostanol, campestanol, b-carotene, and fat-soluble vitamin concentrations did not change significantly from baseline. Conclusions: We conclude that the Low-fat, plant stanol ester‐containing margarines are effective Cholesterol-Lowering products in hyperCholesterolemic subjects when used as part of a Low-fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet. They offer an additional, clinically significant reduction in serum Cholesterol concentrations to that obtained with a Low-fat Diet alone. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:403‐10.
Thomas P Erlinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inflammation modifies the effects of a reduced fat Low Cholesterol Diet on lipids results from the dash sodium trial
Circulation, 2003Co-Authors: Thomas P Erlinger, Edgar R Miller, Jeanne Charleston, Lawrence J. AppelAbstract:Background— Inflammatory mediators regulate key aspects of lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that inflammation could diminish the Cholesterol-Lowering effect of a reduced-fat/Low-Cholesterol Diet. Methods and Results— After a 2-week run-in period on a control Diet (37% total fat, 16% saturated fat), 100 participants were randomized to the control or DASH Diet (27% total fat, 6% saturated fat) for 12 weeks. Median C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline was 2.37 mg/L (interquartile range, 1.20, 3.79). The DASH Diet, net of control, had no effect on CRP. Overall, there were significant net reductions in total (−0.34 mmol/L), LDL (−0.29 mmol/L), and HDL (−0.12 mmol/L) Cholesterol from the DASH Diet (each, P<0.001) and little change in triglycerides (+0.05 mmol/L, P=0.21). Baseline CRP was strongly associated with lipid responsiveness to the DASH Diet. Total and LDL Cholesterol were reduced to a greater degree in those with a “Low” (beLow median) compared with a “high” (above median) baseline CRP (total, −9.8% v...
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inflammation modifies the effects of a reduced fat Low Cholesterol Diet on lipids results from the dash sodium trial
Circulation, 2003Co-Authors: Thomas P Erlinger, Edgar R Miller, Jeanne Charleston, Lawrence J. AppelAbstract:BACKGROUND: Inflammatory mediators regulate key aspects of lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that inflammation could diminish the Cholesterol-Lowering effect of a reduced-fat/Low-Cholesterol Diet. METHODS AND RESULTS: After a 2-week run-in period on a control Diet (37% total fat, 16% saturated fat), 100 participants were randomized to the control or DASH Diet (27% total fat, 6% saturated fat) for 12 weeks. Median C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline was 2.37 mg/L (interquartile range, 1.20, 3.79). The DASH Diet, net of control, had no effect on CRP. Overall, there were significant net reductions in total (-0.34 mmol/L), LDL (-0.29 mmol/L), and HDL (-0.12 mmol/L) Cholesterol from the DASH Diet (each, P<0.001) and little change in triglycerides (+0.05 mmol/L, P=0.21). Baseline CRP was strongly associated with lipid responsiveness to the DASH Diet. Total and LDL Cholesterol were reduced to a greater degree in those with a "Low" (beLow median) compared with a "high" (above median) baseline CRP (total, -9.8% versus -3%; P for interaction=0.006; LDL Cholesterol, -11.8% versus -3%; P for interaction=0.009). Reductions in HDL Cholesterol (-8.8%) were similar in persons with Low versus high CRP. Triglycerides were increased in those with a high CRP but not in those with a Low CRP (19.8% versus +0%; P for interaction=0.019). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the presence of increased CRP was associated with less total and LDL Cholesterol reduction and a greater increase in triglycerides from a reduced-fat/Low-Cholesterol Diet. These findings document an additional mechanism by which inflammation might increase cardiovascular disease risk.
