The Experts below are selected from a list of 777 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Ronald P. Mensink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of plant Stanol Ester consumption on fasting plasma oxy(phyto)sterol concentrations as related to fecal microbiota characteristics.
    The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sabine Baumgartner, Ronald P. Mensink, Els De Smet, Maurice Konings, Susana Fuentes, Willem M. De Vos, Jogchum Plat
    Abstract:

    Abstract Information regarding dietary effects on plasma oxyphytosterol concentrations as well as on the origin of oxyphytosterols is scarce. We hypothesized that plant sterols are oxidized in the intestinal lumen, mediated by microbial activity, followed by uptake into the circulation. To address this hypothesis, we carried out, a randomized, double blind, crossover study in 13 healthy subjects, who consumed for 3 weeks control and plant Stanol Ester enriched margarines (3.0 g/d plant Stanols) separated by a 4-week wash-out period. Plasma oxy(phyto)sterols were determined via GC–MS/MS, while microbiota analyses were performed on fecal DNA using a phylogenetic microarray to assess microbial composition and diversity. Plasma plant sterol concentrations did not correlate with plasma oxyphytosterols concentrations at baseline. Plant Stanol consumption reduced serum sitosterol and campEsterol concentrations (-37% and -38%), respectively ( p p p p

  • Dietary plant Stanol Ester consumption improves immune function in asthma patients: results of a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2016
    Co-Authors: Florence Brüll, Ronald P. Mensink, Els De Smet, Anita C. E. Vreugdenhil, Anja Kerksiek, Dieter Lütjohann, Geertjan Wesseling, Jogchum Plat
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: In vitro and ex vivo studies have suggested that plant sterols and Stanols can shift the T helper (Th) 1/Th2 balance toward a Th1-type immune response, which may be beneficial in Th2-dominant conditions such as asthma and allergies. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated in vivo whether plant Stanol Esters affect the immune response in asthma patients. DESIGN: Fifty-eight asthma patients participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study. All subjects started with a 2-wk run-in period in which they consumed 150 mL control soy-based yogurt without added plant Stanol Esters/d. Next, an 8-wk experimental period was started in which one-half of the participants received plant Stanol enriched soy-based yogurts (4.0 g plant Stanols/d), whereas the other one-half of subjects continued the consumption of control yogurts. After 4 wk of daily plant Stanol consumption, all participants were vaccinated against hepatitis A virus (HAV), and the increase of antibody titres was monitored weekly until 4 wk after vaccination. RESULTS: Asthma patients in the plant Stanol Ester group showed higher antibody titres against HAV 3 and 4 wk after vaccination [19% (P = 0.037) and 22% (P = 0.030), respectively]. Also, substantial reductions in plasma total immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were shown in the plant Stanol Ester group. The increase in serum plant Stanol concentrations was correlated significantly with the decrease in IL-13 concentrations and the Th1 switch in the Th1/Th2 balance. However, no absolute differences in cytokine production between the plant Stanol Ester group and the control group were shown. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, we are among the first authors to show that plant Stanol Ester consumption improves the immune function in vivo in asthma patients. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01715675.

  • Acute Intake of Plant Stanol Esters Induces Changes in Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism-Related Gene Expression in the Liver and Intestines of Mice
    Lipids, 2015
    Co-Authors: Els De Smet, Ronald P. Mensink, Anja Kerksiek, Dieter Lütjohann, Maurice Konings, Gemma Brufau, Albert K. Groen, Rick Havinga, Marleen Schonewille, Jogchum Plat
    Abstract:

    The kinetics of plant Stanol uptake and routing in 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were determined after a plant Stanol Ester gavage. In addition, acute changes in intestinal and hepatic gene expression were investigated. Mice were fed a plant sterol/Stanol poor diet from weaning. At the age of 8 weeks, they received an oral gavage consisting of 0.25 mg cholEsterol + 50 mg plant Stanol Esters dissolved in olive oil. Animals were euthanized at different time points. In a second comparable set-up, mesenteric lymph-cannulated versus sham-operated mice received the same oral gavage, which was now deuterium labeled. Intestinal and hepatic sitoStanol concentrations increased within 15 min post-gavage. This rapid hepatic appearance was absent in lymph-cannulated mice, suggesting a very fast lymph-mediated uptake. Hepatic mRNA expression of SREBP2 and its target genes rapidly decreased, whereas expression of LXR target genes increased. The intestinal SREBP2 pathway was increased, whereas the expression of LXR target genes hardly changed. The fivefold and sixfold increased expression of intestinal LDLr and PCSK9 is suggestive of TICE activation. We conclude that in C57BL/6J mice plant Stanol kinetics are fast, and affect intestinal and hepatic gene expression within 15 min postprandial after lymph-mediated uptake.

  • Mechanisms Underlying the Health Benefits of Plant Sterol and Stanol Ester Consumption.
    Journal of AOAC International, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jogchum Plat, Sabine Baumgartner, Ronald P. Mensink
    Abstract:

    The recent IMPROVE-IT trial clearly showed that lowering serum low-density lipoprotein cholEsterol (LDL-C) concentrations via inhibiting intestinal cholEsterol absorption through ezetimibe effectively lowered the number of new cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. This supports the use of other (dietary) interventions that lower serum LDL-C concentrations via comparable mechanisms such as described for plant sterol and Stanol Ester enriched functional foods. Therefore it is tempting to suggest that these compounds may have the same effects on CVD outcome, as described for ezetimibe in the IMPROVE-IT trial. This has however not been proven so far. A possible advantage of plant sterol and Stanol Ester enriched foods over ezetimibe-a typical single-target drug-is that these dietary compounds act on multiple targets, since they not only lower serum LDL-C concentrations, but also lower serum triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations in subjects with elevated serum TAG concentrations. In addition, they might influence the functioning of our immune system via a changed activity of the regulatory T-cells. This combination of effects makes these compounds highly attractive to decrease CVD risk.

  • An acute intake of plant Stanol Esters alters immune-related pathways in the jejunum of healthy volunteers.
    The British journal of nutrition, 2015
    Co-Authors: Els De Smet, Ronald P. Mensink, Mark V. Boekschoten, Rogier J. De Ridder, Wilfred T. V. Germeraad, Tim G. A. M. Wolfs, Jogchum Plat
    Abstract:

    Plant sterols and Stanols inhibit intestinal cholEsterol absorption and consequently lower serum LDL-cholEsterol (LDL-C) concentrations. The underlying mechanisms are not yet known. In vitro and animal studies have suggested that changes in intestinal sterol metabolism are attributed to the LDL-C-lowering effects of plant Stanol Esters. However, similar studies in human subjects are lacking. Therefore, we examined the effects of an acute intake of plant Stanol Esters on gene expression profiles of the upper small intestine in healthy volunteers. In a double-blind cross-over design, fourteen healthy subjects (eight female and six male; age 21-55 years), with a BMI ranging from 21 to 29 kg/m², received in random order a shake with or without plant Stanol Esters (4 g). At 5 h after consumption of the shake, biopsies were taken from the duodenum (around the papilla of Vater) and from the jejunum (20 cm distal from the papilla of Vater). Microarray analysis showed that the expression profiles of genes involved in sterol metabolism were not altered. Surprisingly, the pathways involved in T-cell functions were down-regulated in the jejunum. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that the number of CD3 (cluster of differentiation number 3), CD4 (cluster of differentiation number 4) and Foxp3⁺ (forkhead box P3-positive) cells was reduced in the plant Stanol Ester condition compared with the control condition, which is in line with the microarray data. The physiological and functional consequences of the plant Stanol Ester-induced reduction of intestinal T-cell-based immune activity in healthy subjects deserve further investigation.

Helena Gylling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Lowering Low-Density Lipoprotein CholEsterol Concentration with Plant Stanol Esters to Reduce the Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events at a Population Level: A Critical Discussion.
    Nutrients, 2020
    Co-Authors: Helena Gylling, Petri T. Kovanen, Timo E. Strandberg, Piia Simonen
    Abstract:

    Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) cause every fifth death worldwide. However, it is possible to prevent the progression of ASCVDs by reducing circulating concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholEsterol (LDL-C). Recent large meta-analyses demonstrated that by reducing the dietary intake of saturated fat and cholEsterol, it is possible to reduce the risk of ASCVD events. Plant Stanols, as fatty-acid Esters, were developed as a dietary adjunct to reduce LDL-C levels as part of a heart-healthy diet. They reduce cholEsterol absorption so that less cholEsterol is transported to the liver, and the expression of LDL receptors is upregulated. Ultimately, LDL-C concentrations are reduced on average by 9-12% by consuming 2-3 g of plant Stanol Esters per day. In this review, we discuss recent information regarding the prevention of ASCVDs with a focus on dietary means. We also present new estimates on the effect of plant Stanol Ester consumption on LDL-C levels and the risk of ASCVD events. Plant Stanol Esters as part of a heart-healthy diet plausibly offer a means to reduce the risk of ASCVD events at a population level. This approach is not only appropriate for subjects with a high risk of ASCVD, but also for subjects at an apparently lower risk to prevent subclinical atherosclerosis.

  • Plant Stanol Esters Reduce LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Aggregation by Altering LDL Surface Lipids: The BLOOD FLOW Randomized Intervention Study.
    Arteriosclerosis thrombosis and vascular biology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Maija Ruuth, Helena Gylling, Piia Simonen, Harri Lindholm, Lauri Äikäs, Feven Tigistu-sahle, Reijo Käkelä, Petri T. Kovanen, Katariina Öörni
    Abstract:

    Objective: Plant Stanol Ester supplementation (2–3 g plant Stanols/d) reduces plasma LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholEsterol concentration by 9% to 12% and is, therefore, recommended as part of p...

  • CholEsterol lowering efficacy of plant Stanol Ester in a new type of product matrix, a chewable dietary supplement
    Journal of Functional Foods, 2017
    Co-Authors: Kirsi Laitinen, Helena Gylling, Leena Kaipiainen, Markku J. Nissinen, Piia Simonen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholEsterol lowering efficacy of a new type of chewable plant Stanol Ester food supplement was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, controlled four-week intervention. The participants (LDL cholEsterol > 3 mmol/L) consumed four supplements daily with meals either with (n = 50) or without (n = 53) plant Stanol Esters. Plant Stanol Ester supplement (2 g/d plant Stanols) lowered LDL cholEsterol by 7.6%, serum cholEsterol by 4.9%, and non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholEsterol by 6.6% compared with controls (P  In conclusion, this new type of small-volume chewable plant Stanol Ester supplement lowered LDL cholEsterol concentration in hypercholEsterolemic subjects providing a convenient dietary tool to regulate circulating cholEsterol levels.

  • Effectively Reduces LDL CholEsterol in Subjects with Mild to Moderate HypercholEsterolemia as Part of a WEstern Diet
    2016
    Co-Authors: Low-fat Nondairy, M. A. Hallikainen, Johan Olsson, Minidrink Containing, Plant Stanol Ester, Helena Gylling
    Abstract:

    Copyright © 2013 Maarit Hallikainen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The cholEsterol-lowering efficacy of plant Stanol Ester (STAEST) added to fat- ormilk-based products is well documented. However, their efficacy when added to nondairy liquid drinks is less certain.Therefore, we have investigated the cholEsterol-lowering efficacy of STAEST added to a soymilk-based minidrink in the hypercholEsterolemic subjects. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study, the intervention group

  • Optimal Use of Plant Stanol Ester in the Management of HypercholEsterolemia
    Cholesterol, 2015
    Co-Authors: Susanna Rosin, Ilkka Ojansivu, Aino Kopu, Malin Keto-tokoi, Helena Gylling
    Abstract:

    Plant Stanol Ester is a natural compound which is used as a cholEsterol-lowering ingredient in functional foods and food supplements. The safety and efficacy of plant Stanol Ester have been confirmed in more than 70 published clinical studies and the ingredient is a well-established and widely recommended dietary measure to reduce serum cholEsterol. Daily intake of 2 g plant Stanols as plant Stanol Ester lowers LDL-cholEsterol by 10%, on average. In Europe, foods with added plant Stanol Ester have been on the market for 20 years, and today such products are also available in many Asian and American countries. Despite the well-documented efficacy, the full potential in cholEsterol reduction may not be reached if plant Stanol Ester is not used according to recommendations. This review therefore concentrates on the optimal use of plant Stanol Ester as part of dietary management of hypercholEsterolemia. For optimal cholEsterol lowering aiming at a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, plant Stanol Ester should be used daily, in sufficient amounts, with a meal and in combination with other recommended dietary changes.

Jogchum Plat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Dietary plant Stanol Ester supplementation reduces peripheral symptoms in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C1 disease.
    Journal of lipid research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Inês Magro Dos Reis, Dieter Lütjohann, Tom Houben, Yvonne Oligschläger, Leoni Bücken, Hellen Steinbusch, David Cassiman, Marit Westerterp, Jos Prickaerts, Jogchum Plat
    Abstract:

    Niemann-Pick type C (NPC)1 disease is a rare genetic condition in which the function of the lysosomal cholEsterol transporter NPC1 protein is impaired. Consequently, sphingolipids and cholEsterol accumulate in lysosomes of all tissues, triggering a cascade of pathological events that culminate in severe systemic and neurological symptoms. Lysosomal cholEsterol accumulation is also a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis and NASH. In these two metabolic diseases, the administration of plant Stanol Esters has been shown to ameliorate cellular cholEsterol accumulation and inflammation. Given the overlap of pathological mechanisms among atherosclerosis, NASH, and NPC1 disease, we sought to investigate whether dietary supplementation with plant Stanol Esters improves the peripheral features of NPC1 disease. To this end, we used an NPC1 murine model featuring a Npc1-null allele (Npc1nih ), creating a dysfunctional NPC1 protein. Npc1nih mice were fed a 2% or 6% plant Stanol Ester-enriched diet over the course of 5 weeks. During this period, hepatic and blood lipid and inflammatory profiles were assessed. Npc1nih mice fed the plant Stanol-enriched diet exhibited lower hepatic cholEsterol accumulation, damage, and inflammation than regular chow-fed Npc1nih mice. Moreover, plant Stanol consumption shifted circulating T-cells and monocytes in particular toward an anti-inflammatory profile. Overall, these effects were stronger following dietary supplementation with 6% Stanols, suggesting a dose-dependent effect. The findings of our study highlight the potential use of plant Stanols as an affordable complementary means to ameliorate disorders in hepatic and blood lipid metabolism and reduce inflammation in NPC1 disease.

  • Protective Role of Plant Sterol and Stanol Esters in Liver Inflammation: Insights from Mice and Humans
    2016
    Co-Authors: Jogchum Plat, Els De Smet, Anita C. E. Vreugdenhil, Maurice Konings, Tim Hendrikx, Veerle Bieghs, Mike L. J. Jeurissen, Sofie M. A. Walenbergh, Patrick J. Van Gorp, Yasmin Dias Guichot
    Abstract:

    The inflammatory component of non–alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can lead to irreversible liver damage. Therefore there is an urgent need to identify novel interventions to combat hepatic inflammation. In mice, omitting cholEsterol from the diet reduced hepatic inflammation. Considering the effects of plant sterol/Stanol Esters on cholEsterol metabolism, we hypothesized that plant sterol/Stanol Esters reduces hepatic inflammation. Indeed, adding plant sterol/Stanol Esters to a high-fat-diet reduced hepatic inflammation as indicated by immunohistochemical stainings and gene expression for inflammatory markers. Finally, adding sterol/Stanol Esters lowered hepatic concentrations of cholEsterol precursors lathosterol and desmosterol in mice, which were highly elevated in the HFD group similarly as observed in severely obese patients with NASH. In vitro, in isolated LPS stimulated bone marrow derived macrophages desmosterol activated cholEsterol efflux whereas sitoStanol reduced inflammation. This highly interesting observation that plant sterol/Stanol Ester consumption leads to complete inhibition of HFD-induced liver inflammation opens new venues in the treatment an

  • Effects of plant Stanol Ester consumption on fasting plasma oxy(phyto)sterol concentrations as related to fecal microbiota characteristics.
    The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sabine Baumgartner, Ronald P. Mensink, Els De Smet, Maurice Konings, Susana Fuentes, Willem M. De Vos, Jogchum Plat
    Abstract:

    Abstract Information regarding dietary effects on plasma oxyphytosterol concentrations as well as on the origin of oxyphytosterols is scarce. We hypothesized that plant sterols are oxidized in the intestinal lumen, mediated by microbial activity, followed by uptake into the circulation. To address this hypothesis, we carried out, a randomized, double blind, crossover study in 13 healthy subjects, who consumed for 3 weeks control and plant Stanol Ester enriched margarines (3.0 g/d plant Stanols) separated by a 4-week wash-out period. Plasma oxy(phyto)sterols were determined via GC–MS/MS, while microbiota analyses were performed on fecal DNA using a phylogenetic microarray to assess microbial composition and diversity. Plasma plant sterol concentrations did not correlate with plasma oxyphytosterols concentrations at baseline. Plant Stanol consumption reduced serum sitosterol and campEsterol concentrations (-37% and -38%), respectively ( p p p p

  • Dietary plant Stanol Ester consumption improves immune function in asthma patients: results of a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2016
    Co-Authors: Florence Brüll, Ronald P. Mensink, Els De Smet, Anita C. E. Vreugdenhil, Anja Kerksiek, Dieter Lütjohann, Geertjan Wesseling, Jogchum Plat
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: In vitro and ex vivo studies have suggested that plant sterols and Stanols can shift the T helper (Th) 1/Th2 balance toward a Th1-type immune response, which may be beneficial in Th2-dominant conditions such as asthma and allergies. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated in vivo whether plant Stanol Esters affect the immune response in asthma patients. DESIGN: Fifty-eight asthma patients participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study. All subjects started with a 2-wk run-in period in which they consumed 150 mL control soy-based yogurt without added plant Stanol Esters/d. Next, an 8-wk experimental period was started in which one-half of the participants received plant Stanol enriched soy-based yogurts (4.0 g plant Stanols/d), whereas the other one-half of subjects continued the consumption of control yogurts. After 4 wk of daily plant Stanol consumption, all participants were vaccinated against hepatitis A virus (HAV), and the increase of antibody titres was monitored weekly until 4 wk after vaccination. RESULTS: Asthma patients in the plant Stanol Ester group showed higher antibody titres against HAV 3 and 4 wk after vaccination [19% (P = 0.037) and 22% (P = 0.030), respectively]. Also, substantial reductions in plasma total immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were shown in the plant Stanol Ester group. The increase in serum plant Stanol concentrations was correlated significantly with the decrease in IL-13 concentrations and the Th1 switch in the Th1/Th2 balance. However, no absolute differences in cytokine production between the plant Stanol Ester group and the control group were shown. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, we are among the first authors to show that plant Stanol Ester consumption improves the immune function in vivo in asthma patients. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01715675.

  • Acute Intake of Plant Stanol Esters Induces Changes in Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism-Related Gene Expression in the Liver and Intestines of Mice
    Lipids, 2015
    Co-Authors: Els De Smet, Ronald P. Mensink, Anja Kerksiek, Dieter Lütjohann, Maurice Konings, Gemma Brufau, Albert K. Groen, Rick Havinga, Marleen Schonewille, Jogchum Plat
    Abstract:

    The kinetics of plant Stanol uptake and routing in 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were determined after a plant Stanol Ester gavage. In addition, acute changes in intestinal and hepatic gene expression were investigated. Mice were fed a plant sterol/Stanol poor diet from weaning. At the age of 8 weeks, they received an oral gavage consisting of 0.25 mg cholEsterol + 50 mg plant Stanol Esters dissolved in olive oil. Animals were euthanized at different time points. In a second comparable set-up, mesenteric lymph-cannulated versus sham-operated mice received the same oral gavage, which was now deuterium labeled. Intestinal and hepatic sitoStanol concentrations increased within 15 min post-gavage. This rapid hepatic appearance was absent in lymph-cannulated mice, suggesting a very fast lymph-mediated uptake. Hepatic mRNA expression of SREBP2 and its target genes rapidly decreased, whereas expression of LXR target genes increased. The intestinal SREBP2 pathway was increased, whereas the expression of LXR target genes hardly changed. The fivefold and sixfold increased expression of intestinal LDLr and PCSK9 is suggestive of TICE activation. We conclude that in C57BL/6J mice plant Stanol kinetics are fast, and affect intestinal and hepatic gene expression within 15 min postprandial after lymph-mediated uptake.

Piia Simonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Lowering Low-Density Lipoprotein CholEsterol Concentration with Plant Stanol Esters to Reduce the Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events at a Population Level: A Critical Discussion.
    Nutrients, 2020
    Co-Authors: Helena Gylling, Petri T. Kovanen, Timo E. Strandberg, Piia Simonen
    Abstract:

    Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) cause every fifth death worldwide. However, it is possible to prevent the progression of ASCVDs by reducing circulating concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholEsterol (LDL-C). Recent large meta-analyses demonstrated that by reducing the dietary intake of saturated fat and cholEsterol, it is possible to reduce the risk of ASCVD events. Plant Stanols, as fatty-acid Esters, were developed as a dietary adjunct to reduce LDL-C levels as part of a heart-healthy diet. They reduce cholEsterol absorption so that less cholEsterol is transported to the liver, and the expression of LDL receptors is upregulated. Ultimately, LDL-C concentrations are reduced on average by 9-12% by consuming 2-3 g of plant Stanol Esters per day. In this review, we discuss recent information regarding the prevention of ASCVDs with a focus on dietary means. We also present new estimates on the effect of plant Stanol Ester consumption on LDL-C levels and the risk of ASCVD events. Plant Stanol Esters as part of a heart-healthy diet plausibly offer a means to reduce the risk of ASCVD events at a population level. This approach is not only appropriate for subjects with a high risk of ASCVD, but also for subjects at an apparently lower risk to prevent subclinical atherosclerosis.

  • Plant Stanol Esters Reduce LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Aggregation by Altering LDL Surface Lipids: The BLOOD FLOW Randomized Intervention Study.
    Arteriosclerosis thrombosis and vascular biology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Maija Ruuth, Helena Gylling, Piia Simonen, Harri Lindholm, Lauri Äikäs, Feven Tigistu-sahle, Reijo Käkelä, Petri T. Kovanen, Katariina Öörni
    Abstract:

    Objective: Plant Stanol Ester supplementation (2–3 g plant Stanols/d) reduces plasma LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholEsterol concentration by 9% to 12% and is, therefore, recommended as part of p...

  • CholEsterol lowering efficacy of plant Stanol Ester in a new type of product matrix, a chewable dietary supplement
    Journal of Functional Foods, 2017
    Co-Authors: Kirsi Laitinen, Helena Gylling, Leena Kaipiainen, Markku J. Nissinen, Piia Simonen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholEsterol lowering efficacy of a new type of chewable plant Stanol Ester food supplement was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, controlled four-week intervention. The participants (LDL cholEsterol > 3 mmol/L) consumed four supplements daily with meals either with (n = 50) or without (n = 53) plant Stanol Esters. Plant Stanol Ester supplement (2 g/d plant Stanols) lowered LDL cholEsterol by 7.6%, serum cholEsterol by 4.9%, and non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholEsterol by 6.6% compared with controls (P  In conclusion, this new type of small-volume chewable plant Stanol Ester supplement lowered LDL cholEsterol concentration in hypercholEsterolemic subjects providing a convenient dietary tool to regulate circulating cholEsterol levels.

  • Abstract 15438: Serum Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Levels Are Not Increased by Plant Stanol Ester Consumption
    Circulation, 2014
    Co-Authors: Piia Simonen, Ulf-håkan Stenman, Helena Gylling
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a critical role in regulating cholEsterol metabolism mainly by binding to LDL receptors targeting them for degradation. Statins, inhibitors of cholEsterol synthesis, increase the serum PCSK9 concentration limiting the potential of statins to reduce LDL cholEsterol (C) concentration, whereas ezetimibe, an inhibitor of cholEsterol absorption, has ambiguous effects on circulating PCSK9 levels. Plant Stanols lower LDL-C by inhibiting cholEsterol absorption, but their effect on serum PCSK9 concentration is not known. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that consumption of plant Stanol Esters lowers LDL-C without increasing circulating PCSK9 levels. Methods: Ninety-two normo- and mildly hypercholEsterolemic subjects, 35 men and 57 women (mean age 50.8±1.0 (SE) years) were randomly divided into plant Stanol Ester (Stanol) (n=46) and control (n=46) groups. They consumed spread enriched with (Stanol group) and without (control group) plan...

  • abstract 15438 serum proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 levels are not increased by plant Stanol Ester consumption
    Circulation, 2014
    Co-Authors: Piia Simonen, Ulf-håkan Stenman, Helena Gylling
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a critical role in regulating cholEsterol metabolism mainly by binding to LDL receptors targeting them for degradation. Statins, inhibitors of cholEsterol synthesis, increase the serum PCSK9 concentration limiting the potential of statins to reduce LDL cholEsterol (C) concentration, whereas ezetimibe, an inhibitor of cholEsterol absorption, has ambiguous effects on circulating PCSK9 levels. Plant Stanols lower LDL-C by inhibiting cholEsterol absorption, but their effect on serum PCSK9 concentration is not known. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that consumption of plant Stanol Esters lowers LDL-C without increasing circulating PCSK9 levels. Methods: Ninety-two normo- and mildly hypercholEsterolemic subjects, 35 men and 57 women (mean age 50.8±1.0 (SE) years) were randomly divided into plant Stanol Ester (Stanol) (n=46) and control (n=46) groups. They consumed spread enriched with (Stanol group) and without (control group) plan...

Tatu A. Miettinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Serum and lipoprotein sitoStanol and non-cholEsterol sterols after an acute dose of plant Stanol Ester on its long-term consumption
    European journal of nutrition, 2011
    Co-Authors: Helena Gylling, Markku J. Nissinen, Piia Simonen, M. A. Hallikainen, Helena E. Miettinen, Tatu A. Miettinen
    Abstract:

    Purpose Chronic inhibition of cholEsterol absorption with large doses of plant Stanol Esters (staest) alters profoundly cholEsterol metabolism, but it is unknown how an acute inhibition with a large staest dose alters the postprandial serum and lipoprotein cholEsterol precursor, plant sterol, and sitoStanol contents.

  • non cholEsterol sterols in serum and endarterectomized carotid arteries after a short term plant Stanol and sterol Ester challenge
    Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2011
    Co-Authors: Tatu A. Miettinen, Markku J. Nissinen, M Lepantalo, Anders Alback, M Railo, Pirkka Vikatmaa, Markku Kaste, Satu Mustanoja, Helena Gylling
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background and Aims It is not known whether dietary intake of plant Stanols or sterols changes the composition of arterial sterols. Therefore, we compared serum and carotid artery cholEsterol and non-cholEsterol sterols after plant Stanol (staest) or sterol (steest) Ester feeding in endarterectomized patients. Methods and Results Elderly statin-treated asymptomatic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were randomized double-blind to consume staest ( n =11) or steest ( n =11) spread (2g of Stanol or sterol/day) for four weeks preoperatively. Non-cholEsterol sterols from serum and carotid artery tissue were analysed with gas-liquid chromatography. Staest spread lowered serum total (17.2%), VLDL, and LDL cholEsterol and serum triglycerides, while steest spread lowered serum total (13.8%) and LDL cholEsterol levels from baseline ( p p Conclusion The novel observations were that plant Stanol Ester consumption, in contrast to plant sterols, tended to reduce carotid artery plant sterols in statin-treated patients. Furthermore, despite increased serum sitoStanol contents during plant Stanol Ester consumption, their arterial levels were unchanged suggesting that sitoStanol is not taken up into the arterial wall.

  • The Effects of Plant Stanol Ester in Different Subject Groups
    European Cardiology Review, 2010
    Co-Authors: Helena Gylling, Tatu A. Miettinen
    Abstract:

    Different food products enriched with plant Stanol Esters have proved effective and safe as a dietary hypocholEsterolaemic tool in about 60 published clinical studies during 15 years on the market. In addition to lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholEsterol by 10% with a dose of 2g/day, plant Stanol effectively reduces serum plant sterols and also, in some studies, serum triglycerides. It has been shown to be an effective dietary hypocholEsterolaemic agent in adults and children with primary hypercholEsterolaemia, in familial hypercholEsterolaemia, in coronary subjects and in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Plant Stanol Ester can be combined with statin to obtain more powerful serum total and LDL cholEsterol reduction. This combination therapy inhibits both cholEsterol synthesis and absorption. Plant Stanol Ester reduced the C-reactive protein (CRP) level in recent studies and, in contrast to ezetimibe, it does not change the LDL particle size. Plant Stanol Ester consumption tends to reduce the plant sterol contents of arterial wall, and in some, but not all, studies it improves endothelial function, a surrogate marker of pre-clinical atherosclerosis.

  • The effect of a very high daily plant Stanol Ester intake on serum lipids, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins
    Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh Scotland), 2009
    Co-Authors: Helena Gylling, Markku J. Nissinen, M. A. Hallikainen, Tatu A. Miettinen
    Abstract:

    Summary Background & aims Intake of 2–3 g/d of plant Stanols as Esters lowers LDL cholEsterol level, but there is no information about the efficacy and safety of a respective very high daily intake. We studied the effects of 8.8 g/d of plant Stanols as Esters on serum lipids and safety variables in subjects with mild to moderate hypercholEsterolemia. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study the intervention ( n  = 25) and control ( n  = 24) groups consumed spread and drink enriched or not with plant Stanol Esters for 10 weeks. Results Plant Stanols reduced serum total and LDL cholEsterol concentrations by 12.8 and 17.3% from baseline and by 12.0 and 17.1% from controls ( P Conclusions High intake of plant Stanols reduced LDL cholEsterol values without any other side effects than reduction of serum β-carotene concentration. However, the end product, serum vitamin A levels, were unchanged. The results suggest that plant Stanol Ester intake can be increased to induce a greater cholEsterol lowering effect.

  • Plant Stanol Ester spreads as components of a balanced diet for pregnant and breast-feeding women: evaluation of clinical safety.
    The British journal of nutrition, 2008
    Co-Authors: Kirsi Laitinen, Helena Gylling, Leena Kaipiainen, Erika Isolauri, Tatu A. Miettinen
    Abstract:

    Clinical safety of consuming plant Stanol Ester spreads during pregnancy and lactation, the impact on maternal and infant serum and breast-milk cholEsterol and the ratios (micromol/mmol of cholEsterol) of synthesis and absorption markers were evaluated. Pregnant women (n 21) were randomised to control and dietary intervention groups, the intervention including advice to follow a balanced diet and to consume spreads enriched with plant Stanol Esters. Participants were followed during and after pregnancy and their infants up to 1 year of age. A mean 1.1 (sd 0.4) g consumption of plant Stanols during pregnancy and 1.4 (sd 0.9) g 1 month post-partum increased sitoStanol and the markers for cholEsterol synthesis, lathosterol, lathosterol/campEsterol and lathosterol/sitosterol, and reduced a marker for cholEsterol absorption, campEsterol, in maternal serum. In breast milk, desmosterol was lower in the intervention group, while no differences were detected between the groups in infants' serum. Plant Stanol Ester spread consumption had no impact on the length of gestation, infants' growth or serum beta-carotene concentration at 1 and 6 months of age, but the cholEsterol-adjusted serum beta-carotene concentration was lowered at 1 month in the intervention group. Plant Stanol Ester spread consumption appeared safe in the clinical setting, except for potential lowering of infants' serum beta-carotene concentration, and was reflected in the markers of cholEsterol synthesis and absorption in mothers' serum, encouraging further studies in larger settings.