The Experts below are selected from a list of 225771 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
William L Haskell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
glycemic index glycemic load and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the cooper center longitudinal study
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2010Co-Authors: Carrie E Finley, Carolyn E Barlow, Thomas L Halton, William L HaskellAbstract:Abstract Objective Previous research examining the relationships among glycemic index, glycemic load, and the metabolic syndrome has resulted in inconsistent findings. The objective of this study was to examine whether glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome and its components after adjustment for cardiorespiratory fitness, an objective measure of physical activity habitus. Design Cross-sectional study. Subjects/setting Women (n=1,775) and men (n=9,137) who completed a comprehensive medical examination between October 1987 and March 1999, including maximal treadmill exercise test and 3-day Dietary records at the Cooper Clinic, Dallas, TX. Main outcome measures Metabolic syndrome and its components, defined by the revised Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Statistical analysis Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate sex-specific odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the associations among glycemic index, glycemic load, and prevalent metabolic syndrome and its components, while adjusting for potential confounding variables. Results Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 24% in men and 9% in women. A positive association across quintiles of glycemic index and metabolic syndrome, elevated triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in men was observed in the fully adjusted model ( P for trend P for trend P for trend P for trend P for trend=0.04) and low HDL-C ( P for trend Conclusions A lifestyle that includes a low glycemic Diet can improve metabolic risk profiles in men and women. Prospective studies examining glycemic index, glycemic load, and metabolic syndrome that control for cardiorespiratory fitness are needed.
Carrie E Finley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
glycemic index glycemic load and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the cooper center longitudinal study
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2010Co-Authors: Carrie E Finley, Carolyn E Barlow, Thomas L Halton, William L HaskellAbstract:Abstract Objective Previous research examining the relationships among glycemic index, glycemic load, and the metabolic syndrome has resulted in inconsistent findings. The objective of this study was to examine whether glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome and its components after adjustment for cardiorespiratory fitness, an objective measure of physical activity habitus. Design Cross-sectional study. Subjects/setting Women (n=1,775) and men (n=9,137) who completed a comprehensive medical examination between October 1987 and March 1999, including maximal treadmill exercise test and 3-day Dietary records at the Cooper Clinic, Dallas, TX. Main outcome measures Metabolic syndrome and its components, defined by the revised Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Statistical analysis Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate sex-specific odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the associations among glycemic index, glycemic load, and prevalent metabolic syndrome and its components, while adjusting for potential confounding variables. Results Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 24% in men and 9% in women. A positive association across quintiles of glycemic index and metabolic syndrome, elevated triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in men was observed in the fully adjusted model ( P for trend P for trend P for trend P for trend P for trend=0.04) and low HDL-C ( P for trend Conclusions A lifestyle that includes a low glycemic Diet can improve metabolic risk profiles in men and women. Prospective studies examining glycemic index, glycemic load, and metabolic syndrome that control for cardiorespiratory fitness are needed.
James F Clapp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of Diet and exercise on insulin resistance during pregnancy
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 2006Co-Authors: James F ClappAbstract:Current evidence suggests that both Diet and exercise can alter the usual increase in insulin resistance seen in Western societies during mid and late pregnancy. A Low-Glycemic Diet combined with a low-volume exercise regimen during pregnancy decreases the glucose and insulin response to both mixed caloric intake and exercise, and probably lowers both 24-h blood glucose concentrations and the maternal substrate utilization ratio of carbohydrate/fat. The end result is a marked decrease in both maternal weight gain and size at birth. Regular weight-bearing exercise alone lowers markers of insulin resistance and lowers blood glucose concentration during and immediately after exercise during pregnancy. Changes in Diet and/or physical activity appear to prevent the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus in at-risk women and may be of value in the treatment of those who develop gestational diabetes.
A Dornhorst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
insulin sensitivity in women at risk of coronary heart disease and the effect of a low glycemic Diet
Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 1998Co-Authors: G Frost, A Leeds, G Trew, R Margara, A DornhorstAbstract:The risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is influenced by family history, insulin sensitivity (IS), and Diet. Adiposity affects CHD and IS. The cellular mechanism of IS is thought to involve the adipocyte cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in isolated subcutaneous and omental adipocytes obtained during elective surgery was measured in 61 premenopausal women, 24 with a parental history (PH) of CHD. In vivo IS was measured using the short insulin tolerance test (SITT) in 28 women, 16 with PH-CHD, before and 3 weeks after randomization to a low glycemic index (LGI) or high glycemic index (HGI) Diet. In vitro adipocyte IS and TNF-α production was measured following Dietary modification. On the habitual Diet, in vitro insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes as a percentage increase over basal was less in women with PH-CHD than in those without it (presented as the median with 95% confidence limits: subcutaneous, 28% (17% to 39%) v 96% (70% to 120%), P < .01); omental, 40% (28% to 52%) v 113% (83% to 143%), P < .01). In vivo IS in 16 PH-CHD subjects and 12 controls before Dietary randomization was similar, and increased in both groups consuming a LGI versus HGI Diet (PH-CHD, 0.31 (0.26 to 0.37) v 0.14 (0.10 to 0.24) mmol/L/min, P < .01; controls, 0.31 (0.1 to 0.53) v 0.15 (0.06 to 0.23) mmol/L/min, P < .05). Adipocytes IS was greater in PH-CHD women on a LGI versus HGI Diet (subcutaneous, 50% (20% to 98%) v 13% (1% to 29%); omental, 97% (47% to 184%) v 29% (4% to 84%), P < .05). Adipocyte TNF-α production was higher in women with versus without PH-CHD (subcutaneous, 0.3 (0.18 to 0.42) v 0.93 (0.39 to 1.30) ng/mL/min; visceral, 0.22 (0.15 to 1.30) v 0.64 (0.24 to 1.1) ng/mL/min, P < .04, respectively), but was uninfluenced by the Dietary glycemic index. We conclude that in vitro adipocyte IS is reduced and adipocyte TNF-α production is increased in premenopausal women with PH-CHD. A LGI Diet improves both adipocyte IS in women with PH-CHD and in vivo IS in women with and without PH-CHD.
John P. Kirwan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Exercise training-induced improvement in skeletal muscle PGC-1α-mediated fat metabolism is independent of Dietary glycemic index.
Obesity, 2017Co-Authors: Anny Mulya, Thomas P. J. Solomon, Jacob M. Haus, Karen R. Kelly, Steven K. Malin, Michael Rocco, Hope Barkoukis, John P. KirwanAbstract:Objective This study hypothesized that a Low-Glycemic Diet combined with exercise would increase expression of nuclear regulators of fat transport and oxidation in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. Method Nineteen subjects (64 ± 1 y; 34 ± 1 kg/m2) were randomized to receive isocaloric high-glycemic-index (HiGIX; 80 ± 0.6 units, n = 10) or Low-Glycemic-index (LoGIX; 40 ± 0.3 units, n = 9) Diets combined with supervised exercise (1 h/d, 5 d/wk at ∼85% HRmax) for 12 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the intervention to assess fasting gene and protein expression. Results Weight loss was similar for both groups (9.5 ± 1.3 kg). Likewise, improvements in insulin sensitivity (P
-
A Low-Glycemic Diet lifestyle intervention improves fat utilization during exercise in older obese humans.
Obesity, 2013Co-Authors: Thomas P. J. Solomon, Jacob M. Haus, Marc A. Cook, Christopher A Flask, John P. KirwanAbstract:Objective: To determine the influence of Dietary glycemic index on exercise training-induced adaptations in substrate oxidation in obesity. Design and Methods: Twenty older, obese individuals undertook 3 months of fully supervised aerobic exercise and were randomized to low- (LoGIX) or high-glycemic (HiGIX) Diets. Changes in indirect calorimetry (VO2; VCO2) were assessed at rest, during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and during submaximal exercise (walking: 65% VO2max, 200 kcal energy expenditure). Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) was measured by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: Weight loss (−8.6 ± 1.1%) and improvements (P < 0.05) in VO2max, glycemic control, fasting lipemia, and metabolic flexibility were similar for both LoGIX and HiGIX groups. During submaximal exercise, energy expenditure was higher following the intervention (P < 0.01) in both groups. Respiratory exchange ratio during exercise was unchanged in the LoGIX group but increased in the HiGIX group (P < 0.05). However, fat oxidation during exercise expressed in relation to changes in body weight was increased in the LoGIX group (+10.6 ± 3.6%; P < 0.05). Fasting IMCL was unchanged, however, extramyocellular lipid was reduced (P < 0.05) after LoGIX. Conclusions: A LoGIX/exercise weight-loss intervention increased fat utilization during exercise independent of changes in energy expenditure. This highlights the potential therapeutic value of Low-Glycemic foods for reversing metabolic defects in obesity.
-
Randomized trial on the effects of a 7-d Low-Glycemic Diet and exercise intervention on insulin resistance in older obese humans.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009Co-Authors: Thomas P. J. Solomon, Jacob M. Haus, Karen R. Kelly, Michael Rocco, Hope Barkoukis, Marc D. Cook, Michelle Riccardi, Sangeeta R. Kashyap, John P. KirwanAbstract:Background: The optimal combination of Diet and exercise that produces the greatest reversal of obesity-related insulin resistance is unknown. Objectives: We examined the effects of a combined 7-d low–glycemic index (low-GI) Diet and exercise training intervention on insulin sensitivity in older obese humans. Design: Participants [n = 32; mean (±SEM) age: 66 ± 1 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 33.8 ± 0.7] were randomly assigned to a parallel, double-blind, controlled-feeding trial and underwent supervised aerobic exercise (EX; 60 min/d at 80–85% maximum heart rate) in combination with either a low-GI (LoGI + EX: 41.1 ± 0.4) or a high-GI (HiGI + EX: 80.9 ± 0.6) Diet. All meals were provided and were isocaloric to individual energy requirements. Insulin sensitivity and hepatic glucose production were assessed with a 40–mU ⋅ m−2 · min−1 hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp combined with a [6,6-2H2]-glucose infusion. Results: After the intervention, small decreases were observed in body weight (−1.6 ± 0.2 kg; P < 0.0001) and fat mass (−1.7 ± 0.9%; P = 0.004) in both groups. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) also improved slightly (0.06 ± 0.02 L/min; P = 0.004). Resting systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol all decreased after the study (all P < 0.05). Larger changes in systolic blood pressure and VO2max were seen in the LoGI + EX group. Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (P < 0.001), insulin suppression of hepatic glucose production (P = 0.004), and postabsorptive fat oxidation (P = 0.03) improved equally in both groups after the intervention. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the metabolic improvements after short-term exercise training in older obese individuals are dependent on increased physical activity and are not influenced by a low-GI Diet. However, a low-GI Diet has added benefit in alleviating hypertension, thus reducing the risk of diabetic and vascular complications.
