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Choongsik Bae - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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schlieren shadowgraph mie scattering visualization of diesel and gasoline sprays in high pressure high temperature chamber under gdci engine Low Load Condition
International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Dong-hoon Kim, Stephen Sungsan Park, Choongsik BaeAbstract:Three visualization methods, Schlieren, Shadowgraph, and Mie-scattering, were applied to compare diesel and gasoline spray structures in a constant volume chamber. Fuels were injected into a high pressure/high temperature chamber under the same in-cylinder pressure and temperature Conditions of Low Load in a GDCI (gasoline direct injection compression ignition) engine. Two injection pressures (40 MPa and 80 MPa), two ambient pressures (4.2 MPa and 1.7 MPa), and two ambient temperatures (908 K and 677 K) were use. The images from the different methods were overlapped to show liquid and vapor phases more clearly. Vapor developments of the two fuels were similar; however, different liquid developments were seen. At the same injection pressure and ambient temperature, gasoline liquid propagated more quickly and disappeared more rapidly than diesel liquid phase. At the Low ambient temperature and pressure Condition, gasoline and diesel sprays with higher injection pressures showed longer liquid lengths due to higher spray momentum. At the higher ambient temperature Condition, the gasoline liquid length was shorter for the higher injection pressure. Higher volatility of gasoline is the main reason for this shorter liquid length under higher injection pressure and higher ambient temperature Conditions. For a design of GDCI engine, it is necessary to understand the higher volatility of gasoline.
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Application of double-injection strategy on gasoline compression ignition engine under Low Load Condition
Fuel, 2017Co-Authors: Dong-hoon Kim, Choongsik BaeAbstract:Abstract Gasoline compression ignition (GCI), or gasoline direct-injection compression ignition (GDCI), is a concept that utilizing gasoline instead of conventional diesel fuel in a compression ignition (CI) engine for higher efficiency and Lower emissions. Even though the single-injection GCI engine works well under the Low Load Condition of 0.45 MPa indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). In this study, the double-injection strategies including pilot- and main-injections were applied on a GCI engine under the Low Load Condition to reduce the combustion noise. The effects of the pilot-injection timing and the pilot-injection quantity on a double-injection GCI engine with a fixed main-injection timing were investigated and compared with the single-injection GCI in a single-cylinder heavy-duty CI engine under the Low Load Condition. In addition, the direct imaging of the flame propagation of gasoline double-injection was conducted in an optically accessible engine that was modified from the same engine to infer the emission trends. First of all, the double-injection GCI showed a reduction of the maximum pressure rise rate from 1.3 MPa/degree to 0.2 ∼ 0.3 MPa/degrees. In addition, the reduction of nitrogen-oxide (NOx) levels in half was measured compared with the single-injection GCI due to the Lower combustion temperature. However, the double-injection GCI operated with nearly 5% coefficient of variation (COV) in IMEP under the most experimental Conditions. IMEP and fuel economy were slightly decreased. A significant increase of the carbon monoxide (CO) and soot emissions were also shown, although the emission levels were much less than that from the conventional diesel CI engine. The flame images demonstrated that the gasoline main-injection showed a diesel-like luminous diffusion flame, which would be a main source of the soot formation, because the pilot-injection give rises to a high temperature and high pressure Conditions in which gasoline from the main-injection can be ignited with shorter ignition delays.
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schlieren shadowgraph mie scattering visualization of diesel and gasoline sprays under gdci engine Low Load Condition
Journal of ILASS-Korea, 2015Co-Authors: Stephen Sungsan Park, Dong-hoon Kim, Choongsik BaeAbstract:Abstract In this study, three visualization methods, Schlieren, Shadowgraph, and Mie-scattering, were applied to compare diesel andgasoline spray structures. Fuels were injected into a high pressure/high temperature constant volume chamber under the sameambient pressure and temperature Condition of Low Load in gasoline direct injection compression ignition (GDCI) engine. Twoinjection pressures (40 and 80 MPa), two ambient pressures (4.2 and 1.7 MPa), and two ambient temperatures (908 and 677K) were use. The images from the different methods were overlapped to show liquid and vapor phases more clearly. It wasfound that the gasoline fuel is more appropriate to form a lean mixture. 1. 서론 가솔린 직분식 압축착화(GDCI; gasoline direct injec-tion compression ignition) 엔진은 압축착화 엔진에 디젤연료 대신 가솔린 연료를 사용하는 새로운 방식의 내연기관이다. 기존 디젤 연료를 이용한 압축착화 엔진은 스파크점화 엔진과 비교하여 높은 압축비에 의한 높은 열효율, 낮은 펌핑 손실의 장점이 있지만, 질소산화물(NOx; nitrogen oxides)과 (3-5)입자상 물질(PM; particulatematter)을 다량 (1-3)배출하는 단점을 갖는다 . 질소산화물과 입자상 물질의 배출을 저감하기 위해 다양한 기술의적용이 이루어지고 있다. 예혼합 압축 착화(HCCI;homogeneous charge compression ignition), 부분예혼합압축 착화(PPCI; partially premixed charge compressionignition), 가솔린 직분식 압축착화와 같은 신연소기술도그 중 하나이다. GDCI는 HCCI와 PCCI가 갖고 있는 일산화탄소(CO; carbon dioxide)와 탄화수소(HC; hydro-carbon)를 저감하기 어렵다는 점과 적용 가능한 운전 범위를 확장하기 어렵다는 단점을 해결하기 위해 적용되었다 . GDCI의 핵심은 가솔린의 높은 휘발성과 낮은자발화 특성에서 기인한다. 이러한 특성의 조합은 연료와 공기가 충분한 혼합시간을 갖도록 하여 희박 혼합기를 형성하여 CO, HC, PM의 저감으로 (6-9)이어진다 . 하지만 과도하게 희박한 혼합기가 형성되거나, 급격한 연소가 일어나게 되면 연소 안정성에 문제가 생길 수 있고, NOx 배출이 증가하는 부작용이 있을 수 있어 추가적인 연구가 필요한 상황이다.본 연구에서는 GDCI 엔진의 운전 조건을 모사한 분위기 조건에서 디젤 분무와 가솔린 분무를 세 종류의
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An investigation on the effects of late intake valve closing and exhaust gas recirculation in a single-cylinder research diesel engine in the Low-Load Condition
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Jaeheun Kim, Choongsik BaeAbstract:The effects of late intake valve closing and exhaust gas recirculation on the emissions and the engine performance of a single-cylinder diesel research engine were observed. Two cam profiles (symmetric and asymmetric) were implemented using an offset angle at various intake valve closing timings to characterize the engine performance and the emissions. The injection timings were swept at every Condition to evaluate the optimal operating Conditions. The highest indicated mean effective pressure was observed once the combustion phasing was tuned to the optimum crank angle (in degrees) by varying the injection timing. The indicated mean effective pressure exhibited a slight penalty when both exhaust gas recirculation and late intake valve closing were used in comparison with the base intake valve closing timing with no exhaust gas recirculation. However, an appropriate combination of the exhaust gas recirculation with late intake valve closing was effective in reducing the nitrogen oxide emissions owing to t...
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Combustion process and PM emission characteristics in a stratified DISI engine under Low Load Condition
Internal Combustion Engines: Performance Fuel Economy and Emissions, 2014Co-Authors: Jinyoung Jung, Choongsik BaeAbstract:ABSTRACT An experimental study was carried out to investigate the combustion process and particulate matter (PM) emission characteristics in a spray guided direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine under lean-stratified operation. In-cylinder pressure analysis, PM emission measurement, and visualization of the in-cylinder combustion were applied. Heat release rate during stratified combustion showed 2-staged combustion characteristics. The main combustion was preceded with fast combustion speed and high peak of heat release rate. Combustion process after the main combustion showed longer combustion duration and relatively Lower intensity of heat release rate. Propagation of non-luminous blue flame was observed during the early stage of the main combustion process. Mixing controlled combustion with luminous sooting flame development was observed during the late stage of the main combustion. Lastly, non-luminous blue flame was dominant during the secondary combustion process, which was interpreted as the combustion of the unburned lean-homogeneous mixture. PM emission characteristics were investigated under various injection timing Conditions. The number and total weight of PM emission were increased as the injection timing was retarded. These trends were coincident with the trend of sooting flame luminosity during the combustion process with variation of injection timing. PM emission and mixing controlled combustion were found to have mainly originated from the inhomogeneous gas phase distribution of the stratified mixture.
Stephen Sungsan Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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schlieren shadowgraph mie scattering visualization of diesel and gasoline sprays in high pressure high temperature chamber under gdci engine Low Load Condition
International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Dong-hoon Kim, Stephen Sungsan Park, Choongsik BaeAbstract:Three visualization methods, Schlieren, Shadowgraph, and Mie-scattering, were applied to compare diesel and gasoline spray structures in a constant volume chamber. Fuels were injected into a high pressure/high temperature chamber under the same in-cylinder pressure and temperature Conditions of Low Load in a GDCI (gasoline direct injection compression ignition) engine. Two injection pressures (40 MPa and 80 MPa), two ambient pressures (4.2 MPa and 1.7 MPa), and two ambient temperatures (908 K and 677 K) were use. The images from the different methods were overlapped to show liquid and vapor phases more clearly. Vapor developments of the two fuels were similar; however, different liquid developments were seen. At the same injection pressure and ambient temperature, gasoline liquid propagated more quickly and disappeared more rapidly than diesel liquid phase. At the Low ambient temperature and pressure Condition, gasoline and diesel sprays with higher injection pressures showed longer liquid lengths due to higher spray momentum. At the higher ambient temperature Condition, the gasoline liquid length was shorter for the higher injection pressure. Higher volatility of gasoline is the main reason for this shorter liquid length under higher injection pressure and higher ambient temperature Conditions. For a design of GDCI engine, it is necessary to understand the higher volatility of gasoline.
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Schlieren, Shadowgraph, Mie-scattering visualization of diesel and gasoline sprays in high pressure/high temperature chamber under GDCI engine Low Load Condition
International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Stephen Sungsan ParkAbstract:Three visualization methods, Schlieren, Shadowgraph, and Mie-scattering, were applied to compare diesel and gasoline spray structures in a constant volume chamber. Fuels were injected into a high pressure/high temperature chamber under the same in-cylinder pressure and temperature Conditions of Low Load in a GDCI (gasoline direct injection compression ignition) engine. Two injection pressures (40 MPa and 80 MPa), two ambient pressures (4.2 MPa and 1.7 MPa), and two ambient temperatures (908 K and 677 K) were use. The images from the different methods were overlapped to show liquid and vapor phases more clearly. Vapor developments of the two fuels were similar; however, different liquid developments were seen. At the same injection pressure and ambient temperature, gasoline liquid propagated more quickly and disappeared more rapidly than diesel liquid phase. At the Low ambient temperature and pressure Condition, gasoline and diesel sprays with higher injection pressures showed longer liquid lengths due to higher spray momentum. At the higher ambient temperature Condition, the gasoline liquid length was shorter for the higher injection pressure. Higher volatility of gasoline is the main reason for this shorter liquid length under higher injection pressure and higher ambient temperature Conditions. For a design of GDCI engine, it is necessary to understand the higher volatility of gasoline.
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schlieren shadowgraph mie scattering visualization of diesel and gasoline sprays under gdci engine Low Load Condition
Journal of ILASS-Korea, 2015Co-Authors: Stephen Sungsan Park, Dong-hoon Kim, Choongsik BaeAbstract:Abstract In this study, three visualization methods, Schlieren, Shadowgraph, and Mie-scattering, were applied to compare diesel andgasoline spray structures. Fuels were injected into a high pressure/high temperature constant volume chamber under the sameambient pressure and temperature Condition of Low Load in gasoline direct injection compression ignition (GDCI) engine. Twoinjection pressures (40 and 80 MPa), two ambient pressures (4.2 and 1.7 MPa), and two ambient temperatures (908 and 677K) were use. The images from the different methods were overlapped to show liquid and vapor phases more clearly. It wasfound that the gasoline fuel is more appropriate to form a lean mixture. 1. 서론 가솔린 직분식 압축착화(GDCI; gasoline direct injec-tion compression ignition) 엔진은 압축착화 엔진에 디젤연료 대신 가솔린 연료를 사용하는 새로운 방식의 내연기관이다. 기존 디젤 연료를 이용한 압축착화 엔진은 스파크점화 엔진과 비교하여 높은 압축비에 의한 높은 열효율, 낮은 펌핑 손실의 장점이 있지만, 질소산화물(NOx; nitrogen oxides)과 (3-5)입자상 물질(PM; particulatematter)을 다량 (1-3)배출하는 단점을 갖는다 . 질소산화물과 입자상 물질의 배출을 저감하기 위해 다양한 기술의적용이 이루어지고 있다. 예혼합 압축 착화(HCCI;homogeneous charge compression ignition), 부분예혼합압축 착화(PPCI; partially premixed charge compressionignition), 가솔린 직분식 압축착화와 같은 신연소기술도그 중 하나이다. GDCI는 HCCI와 PCCI가 갖고 있는 일산화탄소(CO; carbon dioxide)와 탄화수소(HC; hydro-carbon)를 저감하기 어렵다는 점과 적용 가능한 운전 범위를 확장하기 어렵다는 단점을 해결하기 위해 적용되었다 . GDCI의 핵심은 가솔린의 높은 휘발성과 낮은자발화 특성에서 기인한다. 이러한 특성의 조합은 연료와 공기가 충분한 혼합시간을 갖도록 하여 희박 혼합기를 형성하여 CO, HC, PM의 저감으로 (6-9)이어진다 . 하지만 과도하게 희박한 혼합기가 형성되거나, 급격한 연소가 일어나게 되면 연소 안정성에 문제가 생길 수 있고, NOx 배출이 증가하는 부작용이 있을 수 있어 추가적인 연구가 필요한 상황이다.본 연구에서는 GDCI 엔진의 운전 조건을 모사한 분위기 조건에서 디젤 분무와 가솔린 분무를 세 종류의
Muriel Boucart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attentional capture in schizophrenia and schizotypy: effect of attentional Load.
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: Maria Giovanna Ducato, Pierre Thomas, Jean-louis Monestès, Pascal Despretz, Muriel BoucartAbstract:INTRODUCTION: We examined the effect of attentional Load on attentional capture in schizophrenia. On the basis of the ''resource limitations hypothesis'' in schizophrenia, we propose that attentional capture by an irrelevant distractor will be differentially affected by the attentional Load for patients and healthy controls. METHOD: 70 patients with schizophrenia, 15 schizotypals, and 54 controls were asked to attend to a central task while a lateral distractor moved. Participants were instructed either (i) to localise a black square (Low-Load Condition), or (ii) to locate the larger number between two 1-digit numbers (medium-Load Condition), or (iii) to locate the larger number between two several-digit numbers (high-Load Condition). In the baseline Condition, no distractor moved. RESULTS: All groups showed attentional capture in the Low-Load Condition. Patients and schizotypals resisted interference from the distractor in the medium and highLoad Conditions. Controls resisted interference in the high-Load Condition. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that attentional modulation is impaired in schizophrenia and in the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Attentional capture in schizophrenia and schizotypy: effect of attentional Load.
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: Maria Giovanna Ducato, Pierre Thomas, Jean-louis Monestès, Pascal Despretz, Muriel BoucartAbstract:Introduction: We examined the effect of attentional Load on attentional capture in schizophrenia. On the basis of the ‘‘resource limitations hypothesis’’ in schizophrenia, we propose that attentional capture by an irrelevant distractor will be differentially affected by the attentional Load for patients and healthy controls. Method: 70 patients with schizophrenia, 15 schizotypals, and 54 controls were asked to attend to a central task while a lateral distractor moved. Participants were instructed either (i) to localise a black square (Low-Load Condition), or (ii) to locate the larger number between two 1-digit numbers (medium-Load Condition), or (iii) to locate the larger number between two several-digit numbers (high-Load Condition). In the baseline Condition, no distractor moved. Results: All groups showed attentional capture in the Low-Load Condition. Patients and schizotypals resisted interference from the distractor in the medium and highLoad Conditions. Controls resisted interference in the high-loa...
Dong-hoon Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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schlieren shadowgraph mie scattering visualization of diesel and gasoline sprays in high pressure high temperature chamber under gdci engine Low Load Condition
International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Dong-hoon Kim, Stephen Sungsan Park, Choongsik BaeAbstract:Three visualization methods, Schlieren, Shadowgraph, and Mie-scattering, were applied to compare diesel and gasoline spray structures in a constant volume chamber. Fuels were injected into a high pressure/high temperature chamber under the same in-cylinder pressure and temperature Conditions of Low Load in a GDCI (gasoline direct injection compression ignition) engine. Two injection pressures (40 MPa and 80 MPa), two ambient pressures (4.2 MPa and 1.7 MPa), and two ambient temperatures (908 K and 677 K) were use. The images from the different methods were overlapped to show liquid and vapor phases more clearly. Vapor developments of the two fuels were similar; however, different liquid developments were seen. At the same injection pressure and ambient temperature, gasoline liquid propagated more quickly and disappeared more rapidly than diesel liquid phase. At the Low ambient temperature and pressure Condition, gasoline and diesel sprays with higher injection pressures showed longer liquid lengths due to higher spray momentum. At the higher ambient temperature Condition, the gasoline liquid length was shorter for the higher injection pressure. Higher volatility of gasoline is the main reason for this shorter liquid length under higher injection pressure and higher ambient temperature Conditions. For a design of GDCI engine, it is necessary to understand the higher volatility of gasoline.
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Application of double-injection strategy on gasoline compression ignition engine under Low Load Condition
Fuel, 2017Co-Authors: Dong-hoon Kim, Choongsik BaeAbstract:Abstract Gasoline compression ignition (GCI), or gasoline direct-injection compression ignition (GDCI), is a concept that utilizing gasoline instead of conventional diesel fuel in a compression ignition (CI) engine for higher efficiency and Lower emissions. Even though the single-injection GCI engine works well under the Low Load Condition of 0.45 MPa indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). In this study, the double-injection strategies including pilot- and main-injections were applied on a GCI engine under the Low Load Condition to reduce the combustion noise. The effects of the pilot-injection timing and the pilot-injection quantity on a double-injection GCI engine with a fixed main-injection timing were investigated and compared with the single-injection GCI in a single-cylinder heavy-duty CI engine under the Low Load Condition. In addition, the direct imaging of the flame propagation of gasoline double-injection was conducted in an optically accessible engine that was modified from the same engine to infer the emission trends. First of all, the double-injection GCI showed a reduction of the maximum pressure rise rate from 1.3 MPa/degree to 0.2 ∼ 0.3 MPa/degrees. In addition, the reduction of nitrogen-oxide (NOx) levels in half was measured compared with the single-injection GCI due to the Lower combustion temperature. However, the double-injection GCI operated with nearly 5% coefficient of variation (COV) in IMEP under the most experimental Conditions. IMEP and fuel economy were slightly decreased. A significant increase of the carbon monoxide (CO) and soot emissions were also shown, although the emission levels were much less than that from the conventional diesel CI engine. The flame images demonstrated that the gasoline main-injection showed a diesel-like luminous diffusion flame, which would be a main source of the soot formation, because the pilot-injection give rises to a high temperature and high pressure Conditions in which gasoline from the main-injection can be ignited with shorter ignition delays.
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schlieren shadowgraph mie scattering visualization of diesel and gasoline sprays under gdci engine Low Load Condition
Journal of ILASS-Korea, 2015Co-Authors: Stephen Sungsan Park, Dong-hoon Kim, Choongsik BaeAbstract:Abstract In this study, three visualization methods, Schlieren, Shadowgraph, and Mie-scattering, were applied to compare diesel andgasoline spray structures. Fuels were injected into a high pressure/high temperature constant volume chamber under the sameambient pressure and temperature Condition of Low Load in gasoline direct injection compression ignition (GDCI) engine. Twoinjection pressures (40 and 80 MPa), two ambient pressures (4.2 and 1.7 MPa), and two ambient temperatures (908 and 677K) were use. The images from the different methods were overlapped to show liquid and vapor phases more clearly. It wasfound that the gasoline fuel is more appropriate to form a lean mixture. 1. 서론 가솔린 직분식 압축착화(GDCI; gasoline direct injec-tion compression ignition) 엔진은 압축착화 엔진에 디젤연료 대신 가솔린 연료를 사용하는 새로운 방식의 내연기관이다. 기존 디젤 연료를 이용한 압축착화 엔진은 스파크점화 엔진과 비교하여 높은 압축비에 의한 높은 열효율, 낮은 펌핑 손실의 장점이 있지만, 질소산화물(NOx; nitrogen oxides)과 (3-5)입자상 물질(PM; particulatematter)을 다량 (1-3)배출하는 단점을 갖는다 . 질소산화물과 입자상 물질의 배출을 저감하기 위해 다양한 기술의적용이 이루어지고 있다. 예혼합 압축 착화(HCCI;homogeneous charge compression ignition), 부분예혼합압축 착화(PPCI; partially premixed charge compressionignition), 가솔린 직분식 압축착화와 같은 신연소기술도그 중 하나이다. GDCI는 HCCI와 PCCI가 갖고 있는 일산화탄소(CO; carbon dioxide)와 탄화수소(HC; hydro-carbon)를 저감하기 어렵다는 점과 적용 가능한 운전 범위를 확장하기 어렵다는 단점을 해결하기 위해 적용되었다 . GDCI의 핵심은 가솔린의 높은 휘발성과 낮은자발화 특성에서 기인한다. 이러한 특성의 조합은 연료와 공기가 충분한 혼합시간을 갖도록 하여 희박 혼합기를 형성하여 CO, HC, PM의 저감으로 (6-9)이어진다 . 하지만 과도하게 희박한 혼합기가 형성되거나, 급격한 연소가 일어나게 되면 연소 안정성에 문제가 생길 수 있고, NOx 배출이 증가하는 부작용이 있을 수 있어 추가적인 연구가 필요한 상황이다.본 연구에서는 GDCI 엔진의 운전 조건을 모사한 분위기 조건에서 디젤 분무와 가솔린 분무를 세 종류의
Maria Giovanna Ducato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attentional capture in schizophrenia and schizotypy: effect of attentional Load.
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: Maria Giovanna Ducato, Pierre Thomas, Jean-louis Monestès, Pascal Despretz, Muriel BoucartAbstract:INTRODUCTION: We examined the effect of attentional Load on attentional capture in schizophrenia. On the basis of the ''resource limitations hypothesis'' in schizophrenia, we propose that attentional capture by an irrelevant distractor will be differentially affected by the attentional Load for patients and healthy controls. METHOD: 70 patients with schizophrenia, 15 schizotypals, and 54 controls were asked to attend to a central task while a lateral distractor moved. Participants were instructed either (i) to localise a black square (Low-Load Condition), or (ii) to locate the larger number between two 1-digit numbers (medium-Load Condition), or (iii) to locate the larger number between two several-digit numbers (high-Load Condition). In the baseline Condition, no distractor moved. RESULTS: All groups showed attentional capture in the Low-Load Condition. Patients and schizotypals resisted interference from the distractor in the medium and highLoad Conditions. Controls resisted interference in the high-Load Condition. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that attentional modulation is impaired in schizophrenia and in the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Attentional capture in schizophrenia and schizotypy: effect of attentional Load.
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: Maria Giovanna Ducato, Pierre Thomas, Jean-louis Monestès, Pascal Despretz, Muriel BoucartAbstract:Introduction: We examined the effect of attentional Load on attentional capture in schizophrenia. On the basis of the ‘‘resource limitations hypothesis’’ in schizophrenia, we propose that attentional capture by an irrelevant distractor will be differentially affected by the attentional Load for patients and healthy controls. Method: 70 patients with schizophrenia, 15 schizotypals, and 54 controls were asked to attend to a central task while a lateral distractor moved. Participants were instructed either (i) to localise a black square (Low-Load Condition), or (ii) to locate the larger number between two 1-digit numbers (medium-Load Condition), or (iii) to locate the larger number between two several-digit numbers (high-Load Condition). In the baseline Condition, no distractor moved. Results: All groups showed attentional capture in the Low-Load Condition. Patients and schizotypals resisted interference from the distractor in the medium and highLoad Conditions. Controls resisted interference in the high-loa...
