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Priscilla J Barker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of the middle Lumbar Fascia on spinal mechanics a human biomechanical assessment
Spine, 2017Co-Authors: Tom A Ranger, Priscilla J Barker, Nicolas Newell, Caroline A Grant, Mark J PearcyAbstract:Study Design. Biomechanical experiment.Objective. The aims of the present study were to test the effect of Fascial tension on Lumbar segmental axial rotation and lateral flexion and the effect of the angle of Fascial attachment.Summary of Background Data. Tension in the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia has been demonstrated to affect mechanical properties of Lumbar segmental flexion and extension in the neutral zone. The effect of tension on segmental axial rotation and lateral flexion has, however, not been investigated.Methods. Seven unembalmed Lumbar spines were divided into segments and mounted for testing. A 6 degree-of-freedom robotic testing facility was used to displace the segments in each anatomical plane (flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation) with force and moment data recorded by a load cell positioned beneath the test specimen. Tests were performed with and without a 20 N Fascia load and the subsequent forces and moments were compared. In addition, forces and moments were compared when the specimens were held in a set position and the Fascia loading angle was varied.Results. A Fascial tension of 20 N had no measurable effect on the forces or moments measured when the specimens were displaced in any plane of motion (P>0.05). When 20 N of Fascial load were applied to motion segments in a set position small segmental forces and moments were measured. Changing the angle of the Fascial load did not significantly alter these measurements.Conclusion. Application of a 20 N Fascial load did not produce a measureable effect on the mechanics of a motion segment, even though it did produce small measurable forces and moments on the segments when in a fixed position. Results from the present study are inconsistent with previous studies, suggesting that further investigation using multiple testing protocols and different loading conditions is required to determine the effects of Fascial loading on spinal segment behavior.
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the role of the middle Lumbar Fascia on spinal mechanics a human biomechanical assessment
Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Science & Engineering Faculty, 2016Co-Authors: Tom A Ranger, Priscilla J Barker, Nicolas Newell, Caroline A Grant, Mark J PearcyAbstract:Introduction - The aims of this study were to test the effect of Fascial tension on Lumbar segmental axial rotation and lateral flexion and the effect of the angle of Fascial attachment. Tension in the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia has been demonstrated to affect mechanical properties of Lumbar segmental flexion and extension in the neutral zone. However, the effect of tension on segmental axial rotation and lateral flexion has not been investigated. Methods - Seven unembalmed Lumbar spines were divided into segments and mounted for testing. A 6 degree of freedom robotic testing facility was used to displace the segments in each anatomical plane (flexion-extension, lateral bending and axial rotation) with force and moment data recorded by a load cell positioned beneath the test specimen. Tests were performed with and without a 20N Fascia load and the subsequent forces and moments were compared. In addition, forces and moments were compared when the specimens were held in a set position and the Fascia loading angle was varied. Results - A Fascial tension of 20N had no measurable effect on the forces or moments measured when the specimens were displaced in any plane of motion (p>0.05). When 20N of Fascial load were applied to motion segments in a set position small segmental forces and moments were measured. Changing the angle of the Fascial load did not significantly alter these measurements. Conclusions - Application of a 20N Fascial load did not produce a measureable effect on the mechanics of a motion segment even though it did produce small measurable forces and moments on the segments when in a fixed position. Results from the current study are inconsistent with previous studies, suggesting that further investigation using multiple testing protocols and different loading conditions is required to determine the effects of Fascial loading on spinal segment behaviour.
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the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia can transmit tensile forces capable of fracturing the Lumbar transverse processes an experimental study
Clinical Biomechanics, 2010Co-Authors: Priscilla J Barker, Ashley D Freeman, Donna M Urquhart, C R Anderson, Christopher A BriggsAbstract:Abstract Background Transversus abdominis and its aponeurotic attachment to the Lumbar transverse processes via the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia are of proposed clinical and biomechanical importance. Moderate traction on these structures (simulating submaximal contraction of transversus abdominis) is reported to influence segmental motion, but their tensile capacity is unknown and the effects of sudden, maximal traction on these attachments and the transverse processes are uncertain. Methods In 15 embalmed cadaver abdomens, the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia was isolated, gripped and rapid tension applied in either a lateral or posteroanterior direction (simulating forces that may produce avulsion and traumatic fractures). Peak forces prior to tissue failure were recorded and the gross effects of traction documented. Findings Lumbar transverse process fractures were produced in all specimens; by transverse traction in 50% of tests and posteroanterior force in 80%. In the remainder the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia was torn. Mean transverse and posteroanterior peak forces reached in the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia prior to failure were 82 N (range 20–190 N) and 47 N (range 25–70 N), respectively. Interpretation The middle layer of Lumbar Fascia can transmit substantial tensile forces to Lumbar vertebrae, capable of transverse process fracture under experimental conditions. Tensile capacity is likely to be even greater in-vivo. This suggests tranversus abdominis and the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia can strongly influence vertebral motion, should be incorporated in biomechanical models of the spine and considered as potential contributors to transverse process fractures by avulsion.
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the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia and attachments to Lumbar transverse processes implications for segmental control and fracture
European Spine Journal, 2007Co-Authors: Priscilla J Barker, Donna M Urquhart, Ian Story, Marius Fahrer, Christopher A BriggsAbstract:The anatomy of the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia (MLF) is of biomechanical interest and potential clinical relevance, yet it has been inconsistently described. Avulsion fractures of the Lumbar transverse processes (LxTP’s) are traditionally attributed to traction from psoas major or quadratus lumborum (QL), rather than transversus abdominis (TrA) acting via the MLF. This attachment is also absent from many biomechanical models of segmental control. The aims of this study were to document: (1) the morphology and attachments of the MLF and (2) the attachments of psoas and QL to the LxTP’s. Eighteen embalmed cadavers were dissected, measuring the thickness, fibre angle and width of the MLF and documenting the attachments of MLF, psoas and QL. The MLF was thicker at the level of the LxTP’s than between them (mean 0.62: 0.40 mm). Psoas attached to the anteromedial surface of each process and QL and TrA to its lateral border; QL at its upper and lower corners and TrA (via the MLF) to its tip. In three cadavers, tension applied to the MLF fractured a transverse process. The MLF has a substantial and thickened attachment to the tips of the LxTP’s which supports the involvement of TrA in Lumbar segmental control and/ or avulsion fracture of the LxTP’s.
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attachments of the posterior layer of Lumbar Fascia
Spine, 1999Co-Authors: Priscilla J Barker, Christopher A BriggsAbstract:Study design Superficial and deep laminae of the posterior layer of Lumbar Fascia were dissected. The Lumbar portion was measured for evidence of segmental thickenings. Superior attachments were dissected, documented, and photographed. Objectives To verify the existence of posterior accessory ligaments and establish the superior attachments and fiber angles of the posterior layer of Lumbar Fascia. Summary of background data There have been two small dissection studies on the posterior layer. Their findings are conflicting in several areas of clinical significance. Thickenings in the Lumbar region were described in one study, but have not been verified. The superior attachments of the posterior layer have not been formally documented. Methods Study 1: In 21 embalmed cadavers, the Lumbar region of the posterior layer was dissected. The Lumbar spinous processes and adjacent Fascia were marked. The Fascia was removed and examined, and its thickness measured with a manual micrometer. Results were statistically analyzed. Study 2: Superior attachments of the posterior layer in 20 cadavers were dissected and photographed. Capacity to transmit tension was estimated and documented photographically, and fiber angles measured in situ. Results Study 1: There was no evidence of macroscopic segmental thickening in the posterior layer. Study 2: The superficial lamina was continuous superiorly with the rhomboids, and the deep lamina with the tendons of splenius cervices and capitis. These previously undocumented attachments were of variable thickness and fibrosity, and capable of transmitting tension. Conclusions Both superficial and deep laminae of the posterior layer are more extensive superiorly than previously thought. This may have implications for certain tests used in assessment and management of low back pain such as the slump and "nonorganic" tests. The thickness of the superior attachments is variable. Their capacity for load bearing is yet to be quantified.
Christopher A Briggs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia can transmit tensile forces capable of fracturing the Lumbar transverse processes an experimental study
Clinical Biomechanics, 2010Co-Authors: Priscilla J Barker, Ashley D Freeman, Donna M Urquhart, C R Anderson, Christopher A BriggsAbstract:Abstract Background Transversus abdominis and its aponeurotic attachment to the Lumbar transverse processes via the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia are of proposed clinical and biomechanical importance. Moderate traction on these structures (simulating submaximal contraction of transversus abdominis) is reported to influence segmental motion, but their tensile capacity is unknown and the effects of sudden, maximal traction on these attachments and the transverse processes are uncertain. Methods In 15 embalmed cadaver abdomens, the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia was isolated, gripped and rapid tension applied in either a lateral or posteroanterior direction (simulating forces that may produce avulsion and traumatic fractures). Peak forces prior to tissue failure were recorded and the gross effects of traction documented. Findings Lumbar transverse process fractures were produced in all specimens; by transverse traction in 50% of tests and posteroanterior force in 80%. In the remainder the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia was torn. Mean transverse and posteroanterior peak forces reached in the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia prior to failure were 82 N (range 20–190 N) and 47 N (range 25–70 N), respectively. Interpretation The middle layer of Lumbar Fascia can transmit substantial tensile forces to Lumbar vertebrae, capable of transverse process fracture under experimental conditions. Tensile capacity is likely to be even greater in-vivo. This suggests tranversus abdominis and the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia can strongly influence vertebral motion, should be incorporated in biomechanical models of the spine and considered as potential contributors to transverse process fractures by avulsion.
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the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia and attachments to Lumbar transverse processes implications for segmental control and fracture
European Spine Journal, 2007Co-Authors: Priscilla J Barker, Donna M Urquhart, Ian Story, Marius Fahrer, Christopher A BriggsAbstract:The anatomy of the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia (MLF) is of biomechanical interest and potential clinical relevance, yet it has been inconsistently described. Avulsion fractures of the Lumbar transverse processes (LxTP’s) are traditionally attributed to traction from psoas major or quadratus lumborum (QL), rather than transversus abdominis (TrA) acting via the MLF. This attachment is also absent from many biomechanical models of segmental control. The aims of this study were to document: (1) the morphology and attachments of the MLF and (2) the attachments of psoas and QL to the LxTP’s. Eighteen embalmed cadavers were dissected, measuring the thickness, fibre angle and width of the MLF and documenting the attachments of MLF, psoas and QL. The MLF was thicker at the level of the LxTP’s than between them (mean 0.62: 0.40 mm). Psoas attached to the anteromedial surface of each process and QL and TrA to its lateral border; QL at its upper and lower corners and TrA (via the MLF) to its tip. In three cadavers, tension applied to the MLF fractured a transverse process. The MLF has a substantial and thickened attachment to the tips of the LxTP’s which supports the involvement of TrA in Lumbar segmental control and/ or avulsion fracture of the LxTP’s.
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attachments of the posterior layer of Lumbar Fascia
Spine, 1999Co-Authors: Priscilla J Barker, Christopher A BriggsAbstract:Study design Superficial and deep laminae of the posterior layer of Lumbar Fascia were dissected. The Lumbar portion was measured for evidence of segmental thickenings. Superior attachments were dissected, documented, and photographed. Objectives To verify the existence of posterior accessory ligaments and establish the superior attachments and fiber angles of the posterior layer of Lumbar Fascia. Summary of background data There have been two small dissection studies on the posterior layer. Their findings are conflicting in several areas of clinical significance. Thickenings in the Lumbar region were described in one study, but have not been verified. The superior attachments of the posterior layer have not been formally documented. Methods Study 1: In 21 embalmed cadavers, the Lumbar region of the posterior layer was dissected. The Lumbar spinous processes and adjacent Fascia were marked. The Fascia was removed and examined, and its thickness measured with a manual micrometer. Results were statistically analyzed. Study 2: Superior attachments of the posterior layer in 20 cadavers were dissected and photographed. Capacity to transmit tension was estimated and documented photographically, and fiber angles measured in situ. Results Study 1: There was no evidence of macroscopic segmental thickening in the posterior layer. Study 2: The superficial lamina was continuous superiorly with the rhomboids, and the deep lamina with the tendons of splenius cervices and capitis. These previously undocumented attachments were of variable thickness and fibrosity, and capable of transmitting tension. Conclusions Both superficial and deep laminae of the posterior layer are more extensive superiorly than previously thought. This may have implications for certain tests used in assessment and management of low back pain such as the slump and "nonorganic" tests. The thickness of the superior attachments is variable. Their capacity for load bearing is yet to be quantified.
Robert Schleip - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fascia Is Able to Actively Contract and May Thereby Influence Musculoskeletal Dynamics: A Histochemical and Mechanographic Investigation
Frontiers Media S.A., 2019Co-Authors: Robert Schleip, Adjo Zorn, Giulio Gabbiani, Jan Wilke, Ian Naylor, Boris Hinz, Heike Jäger, Rainer BreulAbstract:Fascial tissues form a ubiquitous network throughout the whole body, which is usually regarded as a passive contributor to biomechanical behavior. We aimed to answer the question, whether Fascia may possess the capacity for cellular contraction which, in turn, could play an active role in musculoskeletal mechanics. Human and rat Fascial specimens from different body sites were investigated for the presence of myofibroblasts using immunohistochemical staining for α-smooth muscle actin (n = 31 donors, n = 20 animals). In addition, mechanographic force registrations were performed on isolated rat Fascial tissues (n = 8 to n = 18), which had been exposed to pharmacological stimulants. The density of myofibroblasts was increased in the human Lumbar Fascia in comparison to Fasciae from the two other regions examined in this study: Fascia lata and plantar Fascia [H(2) = 14.0, p < 0.01]. Mechanographic force measurements revealed contractions in response to stimulation by fetal bovine serum, the thromboxane A2 analog U46619, TGF-β1, and mepyramine, while challenge by botulinum toxin type C3–used as a Rho kinase inhibitor– provoked relaxation (p < 0.05). In contrast, Fascial tissues were insensitive to angiotensin II and caffeine (p < 0.05). A positive correlation between myofibroblast density and contractile response was found (rs = 0.83, p < 0.001). The hypothetical application of the registered forces to human Lumbar tissues predicts a potential impact below the threshold for mechanical spinal stability but strong enough to possibly alter motoneuronal coordination in the Lumbar region. It is concluded that tension of myoFascial tissue is actively regulated by myofibroblasts with the potential to impact active musculoskeletal dynamics
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strain hardening of Fascia static stretching of dense fibrous connective tissues can induce a temporary stiffness increase accompanied by enhanced matrix hydration
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 2012Co-Authors: Robert Schleip, Frank Lehmannhorn, Lutz Duerselen, Andry Vleeming, Ian L Naylor, Adjo Zorn, Heike Jaeger, Werner KlinglerAbstract:Summary This study examined a potential cellular basis for strain hardening of Fascial tissues: an increase in stiffness induced by stretch and subsequent rest. Mice lumbodorsal Fascia were isometrically stretched for 15min followed by 30min rest ( n =16). An increase in stiffness was observed in the majority of samples, including the nonviable control samples. Investigations with porcine Lumbar Fascia explored hydration changes as an explanation ( n =24). Subject to similar loading procedures, tissues showed decreases in fluid content immediately post-stretch and increases during rest phases. When allowed sufficient resting time, a super-compensation phenomenon was observed, characterised by matrix hydration higher than initial levels and increases in tissue stiffness. Therefore, Fascial strain hardening does not seem to rely on cellular contraction, but rather on this super-compensation. Given a comparable occurrence of this behaviour in vivo, clinical application of routines for injury prevention merit exploration.
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active Fascial contractility Fascia may be able to contract in a smooth muscle like manner and thereby influence musculoskeletal dynamics
Medical Hypotheses, 2005Co-Authors: Robert Schleip, Werner Klingler, Frank LehmannhornAbstract:Dense connective tissue sheets, commonly known as Fascia, play an important role as force transmitters in human posture and movement regulation. Fascia is usually seen as having a passive role, transmitting mechanical tension which is generated by muscle activity or external forces. However, there is some evidence to suggest that Fascia may be able to actively contract in a smooth muscle-like manner and consequently influence musculoskeletal dynamics. General support for this hypothesis came with the discovery of contractile cells in Fascia, from theoretical reflections on the biological advantages of such a capacity, and from the existence of pathological Fascial contractures. Further evidence to support this hypothesis is offered by in vitro studies with Fascia which have been reported in the literature: the biomechanical demonstration of an autonomous contraction of the human Lumbar Fascia, and the pharmacological induction of temporary contractions in normal Fascia from rats. If verified by future research, the existence of an active Fascial contractility could have interesting implications for the understanding of musculoskeletal pathologies with an increased or decreased myoFascial tonus. It may also offer new insights and a deeper understanding of treatments directed at Fascia, such as manual myoFascial release therapies or acupuncture. Further research to test this hypothesis is suggested.
Donna M Urquhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia can transmit tensile forces capable of fracturing the Lumbar transverse processes an experimental study
Clinical Biomechanics, 2010Co-Authors: Priscilla J Barker, Ashley D Freeman, Donna M Urquhart, C R Anderson, Christopher A BriggsAbstract:Abstract Background Transversus abdominis and its aponeurotic attachment to the Lumbar transverse processes via the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia are of proposed clinical and biomechanical importance. Moderate traction on these structures (simulating submaximal contraction of transversus abdominis) is reported to influence segmental motion, but their tensile capacity is unknown and the effects of sudden, maximal traction on these attachments and the transverse processes are uncertain. Methods In 15 embalmed cadaver abdomens, the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia was isolated, gripped and rapid tension applied in either a lateral or posteroanterior direction (simulating forces that may produce avulsion and traumatic fractures). Peak forces prior to tissue failure were recorded and the gross effects of traction documented. Findings Lumbar transverse process fractures were produced in all specimens; by transverse traction in 50% of tests and posteroanterior force in 80%. In the remainder the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia was torn. Mean transverse and posteroanterior peak forces reached in the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia prior to failure were 82 N (range 20–190 N) and 47 N (range 25–70 N), respectively. Interpretation The middle layer of Lumbar Fascia can transmit substantial tensile forces to Lumbar vertebrae, capable of transverse process fracture under experimental conditions. Tensile capacity is likely to be even greater in-vivo. This suggests tranversus abdominis and the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia can strongly influence vertebral motion, should be incorporated in biomechanical models of the spine and considered as potential contributors to transverse process fractures by avulsion.
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the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia and attachments to Lumbar transverse processes implications for segmental control and fracture
European Spine Journal, 2007Co-Authors: Priscilla J Barker, Donna M Urquhart, Ian Story, Marius Fahrer, Christopher A BriggsAbstract:The anatomy of the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia (MLF) is of biomechanical interest and potential clinical relevance, yet it has been inconsistently described. Avulsion fractures of the Lumbar transverse processes (LxTP’s) are traditionally attributed to traction from psoas major or quadratus lumborum (QL), rather than transversus abdominis (TrA) acting via the MLF. This attachment is also absent from many biomechanical models of segmental control. The aims of this study were to document: (1) the morphology and attachments of the MLF and (2) the attachments of psoas and QL to the LxTP’s. Eighteen embalmed cadavers were dissected, measuring the thickness, fibre angle and width of the MLF and documenting the attachments of MLF, psoas and QL. The MLF was thicker at the level of the LxTP’s than between them (mean 0.62: 0.40 mm). Psoas attached to the anteromedial surface of each process and QL and TrA to its lateral border; QL at its upper and lower corners and TrA (via the MLF) to its tip. In three cadavers, tension applied to the MLF fractured a transverse process. The MLF has a substantial and thickened attachment to the tips of the LxTP’s which supports the involvement of TrA in Lumbar segmental control and/ or avulsion fracture of the LxTP’s.
Mark J Pearcy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of the middle Lumbar Fascia on spinal mechanics a human biomechanical assessment
Spine, 2017Co-Authors: Tom A Ranger, Priscilla J Barker, Nicolas Newell, Caroline A Grant, Mark J PearcyAbstract:Study Design. Biomechanical experiment.Objective. The aims of the present study were to test the effect of Fascial tension on Lumbar segmental axial rotation and lateral flexion and the effect of the angle of Fascial attachment.Summary of Background Data. Tension in the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia has been demonstrated to affect mechanical properties of Lumbar segmental flexion and extension in the neutral zone. The effect of tension on segmental axial rotation and lateral flexion has, however, not been investigated.Methods. Seven unembalmed Lumbar spines were divided into segments and mounted for testing. A 6 degree-of-freedom robotic testing facility was used to displace the segments in each anatomical plane (flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation) with force and moment data recorded by a load cell positioned beneath the test specimen. Tests were performed with and without a 20 N Fascia load and the subsequent forces and moments were compared. In addition, forces and moments were compared when the specimens were held in a set position and the Fascia loading angle was varied.Results. A Fascial tension of 20 N had no measurable effect on the forces or moments measured when the specimens were displaced in any plane of motion (P>0.05). When 20 N of Fascial load were applied to motion segments in a set position small segmental forces and moments were measured. Changing the angle of the Fascial load did not significantly alter these measurements.Conclusion. Application of a 20 N Fascial load did not produce a measureable effect on the mechanics of a motion segment, even though it did produce small measurable forces and moments on the segments when in a fixed position. Results from the present study are inconsistent with previous studies, suggesting that further investigation using multiple testing protocols and different loading conditions is required to determine the effects of Fascial loading on spinal segment behavior.
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the role of the middle Lumbar Fascia on spinal mechanics a human biomechanical assessment
Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Science & Engineering Faculty, 2016Co-Authors: Tom A Ranger, Priscilla J Barker, Nicolas Newell, Caroline A Grant, Mark J PearcyAbstract:Introduction - The aims of this study were to test the effect of Fascial tension on Lumbar segmental axial rotation and lateral flexion and the effect of the angle of Fascial attachment. Tension in the middle layer of Lumbar Fascia has been demonstrated to affect mechanical properties of Lumbar segmental flexion and extension in the neutral zone. However, the effect of tension on segmental axial rotation and lateral flexion has not been investigated. Methods - Seven unembalmed Lumbar spines were divided into segments and mounted for testing. A 6 degree of freedom robotic testing facility was used to displace the segments in each anatomical plane (flexion-extension, lateral bending and axial rotation) with force and moment data recorded by a load cell positioned beneath the test specimen. Tests were performed with and without a 20N Fascia load and the subsequent forces and moments were compared. In addition, forces and moments were compared when the specimens were held in a set position and the Fascia loading angle was varied. Results - A Fascial tension of 20N had no measurable effect on the forces or moments measured when the specimens were displaced in any plane of motion (p>0.05). When 20N of Fascial load were applied to motion segments in a set position small segmental forces and moments were measured. Changing the angle of the Fascial load did not significantly alter these measurements. Conclusions - Application of a 20N Fascial load did not produce a measureable effect on the mechanics of a motion segment even though it did produce small measurable forces and moments on the segments when in a fixed position. Results from the current study are inconsistent with previous studies, suggesting that further investigation using multiple testing protocols and different loading conditions is required to determine the effects of Fascial loading on spinal segment behaviour.
