The Experts below are selected from a list of 900 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael J. Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Resting metabolic rate and Lung function in wild offshore common bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, near Bermuda
Frontiers in physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Andreas Fahlman, Katherine Mchugh, Jason Allen, Aaron Barleycorn, Austin S. Allen, Jay C. Sweeney, Rae Stone, Robyn Faulkner Trainor, Guy Bedford, Michael J. MooreAbstract:Diving mammals have evolved a suite of physiological adaptations to manage respiratory gases during extended breath-hold dives. To test the hypothesis that offshore bottlenose dolphins have evolved physiological adaptations to improve their ability for extended deep dives and as protection for Lung Barotrauma, we investigated the Lung function and respiratory physiology of 4 wild common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) near the island of Bermuda. We measured blood haematocrit (Hct, %), resting metabolic rate (RMR, l O2 min-1), tidal volume (VT, l), respiratory frequency (fR, breaths min-1), respiratory flow (l min-1), and dynamic Lung compliance (CL, l cmH2O-1) in air and in water, and compared measurements with published results from coastal, shallow-diving dolphins. We found that offshore dolphins had greater Hct (56±2%) compared to shallow-diving bottlenose dolphins (range: 30-49%), thus resulting in a greater O2 storage capacity and longer aerobic diving duration. Contrary to our hypothesis, the specific CL (sCL, 0.30 ± 0.12 cmH2O-1) was not different between populations. Neither the mass-specific RMR (3.0±1.7 ml O2 min-1 kg-1), nor VT (23.0 ± 3.7 ml kg-1) were different from coastal ecotype bottlenose dolphins, both in the wild and under managed care, suggesting that deep-diving dolphins do not have metabolic or respiratory adaptations that differs from the shallow-diving ecotypes. The lack of respiratory adaptations for deep diving further support the recently developed hypothesis that gas management in cetaceans is not entirely passive but governed by alteration in the ventilation-perfusion matching, which allows for selective gas exchange to protect against diving related problems such as decompression sickness.
G A Marraro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Natural surfactant supplementation in ARDS in paediatric age.
Minerva Anestesiologica, 1999Co-Authors: G A Marraro, M Luchetti, E M Galassini, Abbiati GAbstract:OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of natural surfactant supplementation in infants, children and adolescents affected by ARDS from different origins in order to reduce Lung Barotrauma due to artificial ventilation, improve gas exchange, reduce oxygen toxicity and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups, the first consisting of 22 children, 7 days-24 months, and the second of 8 oncohaematologic patients, 2-16 years, affected by ARDS from sepsis, inhalation syndrome and interstitial pneumonia, candidates for ECMO, were treated intratracheally with 50 mg/kg of natural surfactant. Before treatment all patients had been mechanically ventilated using PEEP levels > or = 8 cm H2O and FiO2 > or = 0.6, for at least 24 hours without any improvement in gas exchange. RESULTS From 15 mins after surfactant administration a progressive improvement in PaO2 was noted which peaked at 3 hours. In two cases in the first group a worsening in PaO2 occurred starting from 12-18 hours, which needed additional doses. All patients in the second group needed additional doses after 12 h. No significant PaCO2 variations were noted until 24 hours. In all cases the chest X-ray improved at 4 hours and clearing was obtained starting from 24 hours in those cases where an additional dose had not been necessary. Computed Tomography confirmed the improvement in Lung pathology. All the children in the first group survived except one HIV-positive child. The oncohaematologic children showed an improvement in PaO2 after each administration of surfactant even though they later died due to their initial disease, except one child. COMMENT Surfactant efficacy in this study appears to depend on the severity of Lung pathology and to be strictly connected with early treatment.
-
Natural surfactant supplementation in ARDS in paediatric age.
Minerva anestesiologica, 1999Co-Authors: G A Marraro, M Luchetti, E M Galassini, G AbbiatiAbstract:To evaluate the effects of natural surfactant supplementation in infants, children and adolescents affected by ARDS from different origins in order to reduce Lung Barotrauma due to artificial ventilation, improve gas exchange, reduce oxygen toxicity and survival. Two groups, the first consisting of 22 children, 7 days-24 months, and the second of 8 oncohaematologic patients, 2-16 years, affected by ARDS from sepsis, inhalation syndrome and interstitial pneumonia, candidates for ECMO, were treated intratracheally with 50 mg/kg of natural surfactant. Before treatment all patients had been mechanically ventilated using PEEP levels > or = 8 cm H2O and FiO2 > or = 0.6, for at least 24 hours without any improvement in gas exchange. From 15 mins after surfactant administration a progressive improvement in PaO2 was noted which peaked at 3 hours. In two cases in the first group a worsening in PaO2 occurred starting from 12-18 hours, which needed additional doses. All patients in the second group needed additional doses after 12 h. No significant PaCO2 variations were noted until 24 hours. In all cases the chest X-ray improved at 4 hours and clearing was obtained starting from 24 hours in those cases where an additional dose had not been necessary. Computed Tomography confirmed the improvement in Lung pathology. All the children in the first group survived except one HIV-positive child. The oncohaematologic children showed an improvement in PaO2 after each administration of surfactant even though they later died due to their initial disease, except one child. Surfactant efficacy in this study appears to depend on the severity of Lung pathology and to be strictly connected with early treatment.
Andreas Fahlman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Resting metabolic rate and Lung function in wild offshore common bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, near Bermuda
Frontiers in physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Andreas Fahlman, Katherine Mchugh, Jason Allen, Aaron Barleycorn, Austin S. Allen, Jay C. Sweeney, Rae Stone, Robyn Faulkner Trainor, Guy Bedford, Michael J. MooreAbstract:Diving mammals have evolved a suite of physiological adaptations to manage respiratory gases during extended breath-hold dives. To test the hypothesis that offshore bottlenose dolphins have evolved physiological adaptations to improve their ability for extended deep dives and as protection for Lung Barotrauma, we investigated the Lung function and respiratory physiology of 4 wild common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) near the island of Bermuda. We measured blood haematocrit (Hct, %), resting metabolic rate (RMR, l O2 min-1), tidal volume (VT, l), respiratory frequency (fR, breaths min-1), respiratory flow (l min-1), and dynamic Lung compliance (CL, l cmH2O-1) in air and in water, and compared measurements with published results from coastal, shallow-diving dolphins. We found that offshore dolphins had greater Hct (56±2%) compared to shallow-diving bottlenose dolphins (range: 30-49%), thus resulting in a greater O2 storage capacity and longer aerobic diving duration. Contrary to our hypothesis, the specific CL (sCL, 0.30 ± 0.12 cmH2O-1) was not different between populations. Neither the mass-specific RMR (3.0±1.7 ml O2 min-1 kg-1), nor VT (23.0 ± 3.7 ml kg-1) were different from coastal ecotype bottlenose dolphins, both in the wild and under managed care, suggesting that deep-diving dolphins do not have metabolic or respiratory adaptations that differs from the shallow-diving ecotypes. The lack of respiratory adaptations for deep diving further support the recently developed hypothesis that gas management in cetaceans is not entirely passive but governed by alteration in the ventilation-perfusion matching, which allows for selective gas exchange to protect against diving related problems such as decompression sickness.
G Abbiati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Natural surfactant supplementation in ARDS in paediatric age.
Minerva anestesiologica, 1999Co-Authors: G A Marraro, M Luchetti, E M Galassini, G AbbiatiAbstract:To evaluate the effects of natural surfactant supplementation in infants, children and adolescents affected by ARDS from different origins in order to reduce Lung Barotrauma due to artificial ventilation, improve gas exchange, reduce oxygen toxicity and survival. Two groups, the first consisting of 22 children, 7 days-24 months, and the second of 8 oncohaematologic patients, 2-16 years, affected by ARDS from sepsis, inhalation syndrome and interstitial pneumonia, candidates for ECMO, were treated intratracheally with 50 mg/kg of natural surfactant. Before treatment all patients had been mechanically ventilated using PEEP levels > or = 8 cm H2O and FiO2 > or = 0.6, for at least 24 hours without any improvement in gas exchange. From 15 mins after surfactant administration a progressive improvement in PaO2 was noted which peaked at 3 hours. In two cases in the first group a worsening in PaO2 occurred starting from 12-18 hours, which needed additional doses. All patients in the second group needed additional doses after 12 h. No significant PaCO2 variations were noted until 24 hours. In all cases the chest X-ray improved at 4 hours and clearing was obtained starting from 24 hours in those cases where an additional dose had not been necessary. Computed Tomography confirmed the improvement in Lung pathology. All the children in the first group survived except one HIV-positive child. The oncohaematologic children showed an improvement in PaO2 after each administration of surfactant even though they later died due to their initial disease, except one child. Surfactant efficacy in this study appears to depend on the severity of Lung pathology and to be strictly connected with early treatment.
Abbiati G - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Natural surfactant supplementation in ARDS in paediatric age.
Minerva Anestesiologica, 1999Co-Authors: G A Marraro, M Luchetti, E M Galassini, Abbiati GAbstract:OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of natural surfactant supplementation in infants, children and adolescents affected by ARDS from different origins in order to reduce Lung Barotrauma due to artificial ventilation, improve gas exchange, reduce oxygen toxicity and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups, the first consisting of 22 children, 7 days-24 months, and the second of 8 oncohaematologic patients, 2-16 years, affected by ARDS from sepsis, inhalation syndrome and interstitial pneumonia, candidates for ECMO, were treated intratracheally with 50 mg/kg of natural surfactant. Before treatment all patients had been mechanically ventilated using PEEP levels > or = 8 cm H2O and FiO2 > or = 0.6, for at least 24 hours without any improvement in gas exchange. RESULTS From 15 mins after surfactant administration a progressive improvement in PaO2 was noted which peaked at 3 hours. In two cases in the first group a worsening in PaO2 occurred starting from 12-18 hours, which needed additional doses. All patients in the second group needed additional doses after 12 h. No significant PaCO2 variations were noted until 24 hours. In all cases the chest X-ray improved at 4 hours and clearing was obtained starting from 24 hours in those cases where an additional dose had not been necessary. Computed Tomography confirmed the improvement in Lung pathology. All the children in the first group survived except one HIV-positive child. The oncohaematologic children showed an improvement in PaO2 after each administration of surfactant even though they later died due to their initial disease, except one child. COMMENT Surfactant efficacy in this study appears to depend on the severity of Lung pathology and to be strictly connected with early treatment.
