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J. C. Gabel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lymph Flow in sheep with rapid cardiac ventricular pacing.
The American journal of physiology, 1997Co-Authors: R. E. Drake, S Dhother, R A Teague, J. C. GabelAbstract:Increases in systemic venous pressure (Pv) associated with heart failure cause an increase in microvascular fluid filtration into the tissue spaces. By removing this excess filtrate from the tissues, Lymphatic vessels help to prevent edema. However, the Lymphatics drain into systemic veins and an increase in Pv may interfere with Lymphatic Flow. To test this, we cannulated caudal mediastinal node efferent Lymphatics in sheep. We used rapid cardiac ventricular pacing (240-275 beats/min) to cause heart failure for 4-7 days. Each day we determined the Lymph Flow rate two ways. First, we adjusted the Lymph cannula height so that the pressure at the outFlow end of the Lymphatic was zero. After we determined the Lymph Flow with zero outFlow pressure, we raised the cannula so that outFlow pressure was equal to the actual venous pressure. We quantitated the effect of venous pressure on Lymph Flow rate by comparing the Flow rate with outFlow pressure = Pv to the Flow rate with zero out low pressure. At baseline, Pv = 5.0 +/- 2.5 (SD) cmH2O and we found no difference in the two Lymph Flow rates. Pacing caused Pv and both Lymph Flow rates to increase significantly. However for Pv < 15 cmH2O, we found little difference in the two Lymph Flow rates. Thus increases in Pv to 15 cmH2O at the outFlow to the Lymphatics had little effect on Lymph Flow. By comparison, Pv > 15 cmH2O slowed Lymph Flow by 55 +/- 29% relative to the Lymph Flow rate with zero outFlow pressure. Thus Pv values > 15 cmH2O interfere with Lymph Flow from the sheep caudal mediastinal Lymph node.
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Lymph Flow in sheep with rapid cardiac ventricular pacing
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 1997Co-Authors: R. E. Drake, S Dhother, R A Teague, J. C. GabelAbstract:Increases in systemic venous pressure (Pv) associated with heart failure cause an increase in microvascular fluid filtration into the tissue spaces. By removing this excess filtrate from the tissues, Lymphatic vessels help to prevent edema. However, the Lymphatics drain into systemic veins and an increase in Pv may interfere with Lymphatic Flow. To test this, we cannulated caudal mediastinal node efferent Lymphatics in sheep. We used rapid cardiac ventricular pacing (240-275 beats/min) to cause heart failure for 4-7 days. Each day we determined the Lymph Flow rate two ways. First, we adjusted the Lymph cannula height so that the pressure at the outFlow end of the Lymphatic was zero. After we determined the Lymph Flow with zero outFlow pressure, we raised the cannula so that outFlow pressure was equal to the actual venous pressure. We quantitated the effect of venous pressure on Lymph Flow rate by comparing the Flow rate with outFlow pressure = Pv to the Flow rate with zero out low pressure. At baseline, Pv = 5.0 +/- 2.5 (SD) cmH2O and we found no difference in the two Lymph Flow rates. Pacing caused Pv and both Lymph Flow rates to increase significantly. However for Pv 15 cmH2O slowed Lymph Flow by 55 +/- 29% relative to the Lymph Flow rate with zero outFlow pressure. Thus Pv values > 15 cmH2O interfere with Lymph Flow from the sheep caudal mediastinal Lymph node.
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Estimation of Lymph Flow by relating Lymphatic pump function to passive Flow curves.
Lymphology, 1993Co-Authors: H. Gallagher, R. E. Drake, D. Garewal, J. C. GabelAbstract:Active pumping in postnodal Lymphatic vessels is an important factor influencing Lymph Flow. However, the output of the Lymphatic pump also depends on the rate of Flow into the pump. This arrangement is similar to the blood circulation where cardiac output depends on the rate of blood Flow through the veins into the heart (venous return) and on the pumping characteristics of the heart itself (cardiac function curves). One common way to analyze the blood circulation rate is to interrelate venous return and cardiac function curves. In this study, we used a similar technique to analyze Lymph Flow. We used Lymphatic Flow vs. outFlow pressure (passive Flow) relationships for nonpumping Lymphatics to represent the inFlow of Lymph to the Lymphatic pump. We used data on the pumping characteristics of postnodal Lymphatic vessels to generate relationships between Lymphatic pump outFlow and pump inFlow pressure (pump function curves), and then interrelated these curves. The results were not only similar to previously measured Lymph Flow data obtained from experimental animals, but also support the observation that under normal circumstances Lymph Flow is periodic and in surges (active pumping) but in edematogenic states Lymph Flows more continuously (i.e., passively).
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Abdominal Lymph Flow response to intraperitoneal fluid in awake sheep.
Lymphology, 1991Co-Authors: R. E. Drake, J. C. GabelAbstract:Lymphatic vessels are important in draining excess fluid from the abdominal space and preventing ascites. In sheep, diaphragmatic Lymph vessels draining the abdominal space run to the caudal mediastinal Lymph node and efferent vessels from the node drain into veins in the neck. To estimate the Lymph Flow response to excess intraperitoneal fluid in sheep, we cannulated a caudal mediastinal node efferent Lymphatic in 5 sheep. After the sheep recovered from the surgery, the Lymph Flow (QL) was 154 +/- 161 (SD) microliters/min and the Lymph protein concentration (CL) was 3.7 +/- 9 g/dl. Lymph Flow decreased linearly with increases in Lymphatic outFlow pressure greater than 6 cmH2O. From this linear QL vs. outFlow pressure relationship, we estimated the effective pressure driving Lymph Flow as the outFlow pressure at which QL = 0. At baseline, the driving pressure was 24.7 +/- 14.0 cmH2O. After we infused Ringers solution (10% body weight) into the abdominal space, QL increased significantly to 7.0 +/- 4.1 times baseline and CL decreased significantly to 0.7 +/- 0.6 g/dl. Although the abdominal pressure increased significantly from 10.6 +/- 2.8 cmH2O to 15.8 +/- 2.1 cmH2O, we found no increase in Lymphatic driving pressure.
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Active Lymphatic pumping and sheep lung Lymph Flow.
Journal of Applied Physiology, 1991Co-Authors: R. E. Drake, D. Weiss, J. C. GabelAbstract:Active (intrinsic) Lymphatic pumping may be an important factor determining Lymph Flow from the lungs. Unfortunately, in most experiments, it is very difficult to determine the influence of active pumping vs. passive factors on Lymph Flow. However, 1) the pumping activity (stroke volume and frequency) of isolated Lymphatic segments varies nonlinearly with transmural pressure, and 2) the lung Lymph Flow from awake sheep varies nonlinearly with Lymphatic outFlow pressure. Accordingly, if Lymphatic pumping significantly influences lung Lymph Flow, then it should be possible to describe the sheep lung Lymph Flow vs. outFlow pressure data with the pumping activity data. To test this, we used published Lymphatic pumping activity data to develop a mathematical model of the Lymphatic pump for a segment of Lymphatic vessel. Flow vs. outFlow pressure relationships obtained from simulations with this model were very similar to the data from sheep. Our results indicate that both passive factors and active Lymphatic pumping contribute to Lymph Flow, and our model may allow investigators to distinguish the effects of active pumping vs. passive factors in the regulation of Lymph Flow.
Alanna Ruddell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tumor regulation of Lymph node Lymphatic sinus growth and Lymph Flow in mice and in humans
Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Lauren M Habenicht, Maria I Harrell, Sara B Kirschbaum, Momoko Furuya, Alanna RuddellAbstract:: The Lymphatic vasculature collects and drains fluid and cells from the periphery through Lymph nodes (LNs) for immune monitoring, and then returns Lymph to the bloodstream. During immune responses LNs enlarge and remodel, featuring extensive growth of Lymphatic sinuses (Lymphangiogenesis). This LN Lymphangiogenesis also arises in cancer, and is associated with altered Lymph drainage through LNs. Studies of mouse solid tumor models identified Lymphatic sinus growth throughout tumor-draining LNs (TDLNs), and increased Lymph Flow through the expanded sinuses. Mice developing B cell Lymphomas also feature LN Lymphangiogenesis and increased Lymph Flow, indicating that these changes occur in Lymphoma as well as in solid tumors. These LN alterations may be key to promote tumor growth and metastasis to draining LNs and distant organs. Lymphatic sinus growth within the TDLN may suppress anti-tumor-immune responses, and/or the increased Lymph drainage could promote metastasis to draining LNs and distant organs. Investigations of human cancers and Lymphomas are now identifying TDLN Lymphatic sinus growth and increased Lymph Flow, that correlate with metastasis and poor prognosis. Pathology assessment of TDLN Lymphangiogenesis or noninvasive imaging of tumor Lymph drainage thus could potentially be useful to assist with diagnosis and treatment decisions. Moreover, the expanded Lymphatic sinuses and increased Lymph Flow could facilitate vaccine or drug delivery, to manipulate TDLN immune functioning or to treat metastases. The insights obtained thus far should encourage further investigation of the mechanisms and consequences of TDLN Lymphatic sinus growth and Lymph Flow alterations in mouse cancer models, and in human cancer patients.
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dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of tumor induced Lymph Flow
Neoplasia, 2008Co-Authors: Alanna Ruddell, Maria I Harrell, Satoshi Minoshima, Kenneth R Maravilla, Brian M Iritani, Steven W White, Savannah C PartridgeAbstract:The growth of metastatic tumors in mice can result in markedly increased Lymph Flow through tumor-draining Lymph nodes (LNs), which is associated with LN Lymphangiogenesis. A dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assay was developed, which uses low.molecular weight gadolinium contrast agent to label the Lymphatic drainage, to visualize and quantify tumor-draining Lymph Flow in vivo in mice bearing metastatic melanomas. Tumor-bearing mice showed greatly increased Lymph Flow into and through draining LNs and into the bloodstream. Quantitative analysis established that both the amount and the rate of Lymph Flow through draining LNs are significantly increased in melanoma-bearing mice. In addition, the rate of appearance of contrast media in the bloodstream was significantly increased in mice bearing melanomas. These results indicate that gadolinium-based contrast-enhanced MRI provides a noninvasive assay for high-resolution spatial identification and mapping of Lymphatic drainage and for dynamic measurement of changes in Lymph Flow associated with cancer or Lymphatic dysfunction in mice. Low-molecular weight gadolinium contrast is already used for 1.5-T MRI scanning in humans, which should facilitate translation of this imaging assay.
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tumor induced sentinel Lymph node Lymphangiogenesis and increased Lymph Flow precede melanoma metastasis
American Journal of Pathology, 2007Co-Authors: Maria I Harrell, Brian M Iritani, Alanna RuddellAbstract:Lymphangiogenesis is associated with human and murine cancer metastasis, suggesting that Lymphatic vessels are important for tumor dissemination. Lymphatic vessel alterations were examined using B16-F10 melanoma cells implanted in syngeneic C57Bl/6 mice, which form tumors metastasizing to draining Lymph nodes and subsequently to the lungs. Footpad tumors showed no Lymphatic or blood vessel growth; however, the tumor-draining popliteal Lymph node featured greatly increased Lymphatic sinuses. Lymph node Lymphangiogenesis began before melanoma cells reached draining Lymph nodes, indicating that primary tumors induce these alterations at a distance. Lymph Flow imaging revealed that nanoparticle transit was greatly increased through tumor-draining relative to nondraining Lymph nodes. Lymph node Lymphatic sinuses and Lymph Flow were increased in mice implanted with unmarked or with foreign antigen-expressing melanomas, indicating that these effects are not due to foreign antigen expression. However, tumor-derived immune signaling could promote Lymph node alterations, as macrophages infiltrated footpad tumors, whereas Lymphocytes accumulated in tumor-draining Lymph nodes. B Lymphocytes are required for Lymphangiogenesis and increased Lymph Flow through tumor-draining Lymph nodes, as these alterations were not observed in mice deficient for B cells. Lymph node Lymphangiogenesis and increased Lymph Flow through tumor-draining Lymph nodes may actively promote metastasis via the Lymphatics.
R. E. Drake - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lymph Flow in sheep with rapid cardiac ventricular pacing.
The American journal of physiology, 1997Co-Authors: R. E. Drake, S Dhother, R A Teague, J. C. GabelAbstract:Increases in systemic venous pressure (Pv) associated with heart failure cause an increase in microvascular fluid filtration into the tissue spaces. By removing this excess filtrate from the tissues, Lymphatic vessels help to prevent edema. However, the Lymphatics drain into systemic veins and an increase in Pv may interfere with Lymphatic Flow. To test this, we cannulated caudal mediastinal node efferent Lymphatics in sheep. We used rapid cardiac ventricular pacing (240-275 beats/min) to cause heart failure for 4-7 days. Each day we determined the Lymph Flow rate two ways. First, we adjusted the Lymph cannula height so that the pressure at the outFlow end of the Lymphatic was zero. After we determined the Lymph Flow with zero outFlow pressure, we raised the cannula so that outFlow pressure was equal to the actual venous pressure. We quantitated the effect of venous pressure on Lymph Flow rate by comparing the Flow rate with outFlow pressure = Pv to the Flow rate with zero out low pressure. At baseline, Pv = 5.0 +/- 2.5 (SD) cmH2O and we found no difference in the two Lymph Flow rates. Pacing caused Pv and both Lymph Flow rates to increase significantly. However for Pv < 15 cmH2O, we found little difference in the two Lymph Flow rates. Thus increases in Pv to 15 cmH2O at the outFlow to the Lymphatics had little effect on Lymph Flow. By comparison, Pv > 15 cmH2O slowed Lymph Flow by 55 +/- 29% relative to the Lymph Flow rate with zero outFlow pressure. Thus Pv values > 15 cmH2O interfere with Lymph Flow from the sheep caudal mediastinal Lymph node.
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Lymph Flow in sheep with rapid cardiac ventricular pacing
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 1997Co-Authors: R. E. Drake, S Dhother, R A Teague, J. C. GabelAbstract:Increases in systemic venous pressure (Pv) associated with heart failure cause an increase in microvascular fluid filtration into the tissue spaces. By removing this excess filtrate from the tissues, Lymphatic vessels help to prevent edema. However, the Lymphatics drain into systemic veins and an increase in Pv may interfere with Lymphatic Flow. To test this, we cannulated caudal mediastinal node efferent Lymphatics in sheep. We used rapid cardiac ventricular pacing (240-275 beats/min) to cause heart failure for 4-7 days. Each day we determined the Lymph Flow rate two ways. First, we adjusted the Lymph cannula height so that the pressure at the outFlow end of the Lymphatic was zero. After we determined the Lymph Flow with zero outFlow pressure, we raised the cannula so that outFlow pressure was equal to the actual venous pressure. We quantitated the effect of venous pressure on Lymph Flow rate by comparing the Flow rate with outFlow pressure = Pv to the Flow rate with zero out low pressure. At baseline, Pv = 5.0 +/- 2.5 (SD) cmH2O and we found no difference in the two Lymph Flow rates. Pacing caused Pv and both Lymph Flow rates to increase significantly. However for Pv 15 cmH2O slowed Lymph Flow by 55 +/- 29% relative to the Lymph Flow rate with zero outFlow pressure. Thus Pv values > 15 cmH2O interfere with Lymph Flow from the sheep caudal mediastinal Lymph node.
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Estimation of Lymph Flow by relating Lymphatic pump function to passive Flow curves.
Lymphology, 1993Co-Authors: H. Gallagher, R. E. Drake, D. Garewal, J. C. GabelAbstract:Active pumping in postnodal Lymphatic vessels is an important factor influencing Lymph Flow. However, the output of the Lymphatic pump also depends on the rate of Flow into the pump. This arrangement is similar to the blood circulation where cardiac output depends on the rate of blood Flow through the veins into the heart (venous return) and on the pumping characteristics of the heart itself (cardiac function curves). One common way to analyze the blood circulation rate is to interrelate venous return and cardiac function curves. In this study, we used a similar technique to analyze Lymph Flow. We used Lymphatic Flow vs. outFlow pressure (passive Flow) relationships for nonpumping Lymphatics to represent the inFlow of Lymph to the Lymphatic pump. We used data on the pumping characteristics of postnodal Lymphatic vessels to generate relationships between Lymphatic pump outFlow and pump inFlow pressure (pump function curves), and then interrelated these curves. The results were not only similar to previously measured Lymph Flow data obtained from experimental animals, but also support the observation that under normal circumstances Lymph Flow is periodic and in surges (active pumping) but in edematogenic states Lymph Flows more continuously (i.e., passively).
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Abdominal Lymph Flow response to intraperitoneal fluid in awake sheep.
Lymphology, 1991Co-Authors: R. E. Drake, J. C. GabelAbstract:Lymphatic vessels are important in draining excess fluid from the abdominal space and preventing ascites. In sheep, diaphragmatic Lymph vessels draining the abdominal space run to the caudal mediastinal Lymph node and efferent vessels from the node drain into veins in the neck. To estimate the Lymph Flow response to excess intraperitoneal fluid in sheep, we cannulated a caudal mediastinal node efferent Lymphatic in 5 sheep. After the sheep recovered from the surgery, the Lymph Flow (QL) was 154 +/- 161 (SD) microliters/min and the Lymph protein concentration (CL) was 3.7 +/- 9 g/dl. Lymph Flow decreased linearly with increases in Lymphatic outFlow pressure greater than 6 cmH2O. From this linear QL vs. outFlow pressure relationship, we estimated the effective pressure driving Lymph Flow as the outFlow pressure at which QL = 0. At baseline, the driving pressure was 24.7 +/- 14.0 cmH2O. After we infused Ringers solution (10% body weight) into the abdominal space, QL increased significantly to 7.0 +/- 4.1 times baseline and CL decreased significantly to 0.7 +/- 0.6 g/dl. Although the abdominal pressure increased significantly from 10.6 +/- 2.8 cmH2O to 15.8 +/- 2.1 cmH2O, we found no increase in Lymphatic driving pressure.
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Active Lymphatic pumping and sheep lung Lymph Flow.
Journal of Applied Physiology, 1991Co-Authors: R. E. Drake, D. Weiss, J. C. GabelAbstract:Active (intrinsic) Lymphatic pumping may be an important factor determining Lymph Flow from the lungs. Unfortunately, in most experiments, it is very difficult to determine the influence of active pumping vs. passive factors on Lymph Flow. However, 1) the pumping activity (stroke volume and frequency) of isolated Lymphatic segments varies nonlinearly with transmural pressure, and 2) the lung Lymph Flow from awake sheep varies nonlinearly with Lymphatic outFlow pressure. Accordingly, if Lymphatic pumping significantly influences lung Lymph Flow, then it should be possible to describe the sheep lung Lymph Flow vs. outFlow pressure data with the pumping activity data. To test this, we used published Lymphatic pumping activity data to develop a mathematical model of the Lymphatic pump for a segment of Lymphatic vessel. Flow vs. outFlow pressure relationships obtained from simulations with this model were very similar to the data from sheep. Our results indicate that both passive factors and active Lymphatic pumping contribute to Lymph Flow, and our model may allow investigators to distinguish the effects of active pumping vs. passive factors in the regulation of Lymph Flow.
Maria I Harrell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tumor regulation of Lymph node Lymphatic sinus growth and Lymph Flow in mice and in humans
Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Lauren M Habenicht, Maria I Harrell, Sara B Kirschbaum, Momoko Furuya, Alanna RuddellAbstract:: The Lymphatic vasculature collects and drains fluid and cells from the periphery through Lymph nodes (LNs) for immune monitoring, and then returns Lymph to the bloodstream. During immune responses LNs enlarge and remodel, featuring extensive growth of Lymphatic sinuses (Lymphangiogenesis). This LN Lymphangiogenesis also arises in cancer, and is associated with altered Lymph drainage through LNs. Studies of mouse solid tumor models identified Lymphatic sinus growth throughout tumor-draining LNs (TDLNs), and increased Lymph Flow through the expanded sinuses. Mice developing B cell Lymphomas also feature LN Lymphangiogenesis and increased Lymph Flow, indicating that these changes occur in Lymphoma as well as in solid tumors. These LN alterations may be key to promote tumor growth and metastasis to draining LNs and distant organs. Lymphatic sinus growth within the TDLN may suppress anti-tumor-immune responses, and/or the increased Lymph drainage could promote metastasis to draining LNs and distant organs. Investigations of human cancers and Lymphomas are now identifying TDLN Lymphatic sinus growth and increased Lymph Flow, that correlate with metastasis and poor prognosis. Pathology assessment of TDLN Lymphangiogenesis or noninvasive imaging of tumor Lymph drainage thus could potentially be useful to assist with diagnosis and treatment decisions. Moreover, the expanded Lymphatic sinuses and increased Lymph Flow could facilitate vaccine or drug delivery, to manipulate TDLN immune functioning or to treat metastases. The insights obtained thus far should encourage further investigation of the mechanisms and consequences of TDLN Lymphatic sinus growth and Lymph Flow alterations in mouse cancer models, and in human cancer patients.
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dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of tumor induced Lymph Flow
Neoplasia, 2008Co-Authors: Alanna Ruddell, Maria I Harrell, Satoshi Minoshima, Kenneth R Maravilla, Brian M Iritani, Steven W White, Savannah C PartridgeAbstract:The growth of metastatic tumors in mice can result in markedly increased Lymph Flow through tumor-draining Lymph nodes (LNs), which is associated with LN Lymphangiogenesis. A dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assay was developed, which uses low.molecular weight gadolinium contrast agent to label the Lymphatic drainage, to visualize and quantify tumor-draining Lymph Flow in vivo in mice bearing metastatic melanomas. Tumor-bearing mice showed greatly increased Lymph Flow into and through draining LNs and into the bloodstream. Quantitative analysis established that both the amount and the rate of Lymph Flow through draining LNs are significantly increased in melanoma-bearing mice. In addition, the rate of appearance of contrast media in the bloodstream was significantly increased in mice bearing melanomas. These results indicate that gadolinium-based contrast-enhanced MRI provides a noninvasive assay for high-resolution spatial identification and mapping of Lymphatic drainage and for dynamic measurement of changes in Lymph Flow associated with cancer or Lymphatic dysfunction in mice. Low-molecular weight gadolinium contrast is already used for 1.5-T MRI scanning in humans, which should facilitate translation of this imaging assay.
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tumor induced sentinel Lymph node Lymphangiogenesis and increased Lymph Flow precede melanoma metastasis
American Journal of Pathology, 2007Co-Authors: Maria I Harrell, Brian M Iritani, Alanna RuddellAbstract:Lymphangiogenesis is associated with human and murine cancer metastasis, suggesting that Lymphatic vessels are important for tumor dissemination. Lymphatic vessel alterations were examined using B16-F10 melanoma cells implanted in syngeneic C57Bl/6 mice, which form tumors metastasizing to draining Lymph nodes and subsequently to the lungs. Footpad tumors showed no Lymphatic or blood vessel growth; however, the tumor-draining popliteal Lymph node featured greatly increased Lymphatic sinuses. Lymph node Lymphangiogenesis began before melanoma cells reached draining Lymph nodes, indicating that primary tumors induce these alterations at a distance. Lymph Flow imaging revealed that nanoparticle transit was greatly increased through tumor-draining relative to nondraining Lymph nodes. Lymph node Lymphatic sinuses and Lymph Flow were increased in mice implanted with unmarked or with foreign antigen-expressing melanomas, indicating that these effects are not due to foreign antigen expression. However, tumor-derived immune signaling could promote Lymph node alterations, as macrophages infiltrated footpad tumors, whereas Lymphocytes accumulated in tumor-draining Lymph nodes. B Lymphocytes are required for Lymphangiogenesis and increased Lymph Flow through tumor-draining Lymph nodes, as these alterations were not observed in mice deficient for B cells. Lymph node Lymphangiogenesis and increased Lymph Flow through tumor-draining Lymph nodes may actively promote metastasis via the Lymphatics.
Ekateryna I. Galanzha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optical properties of Lymph Flow in single microvessels: biomicroscopic, speckle-interferometric, and spectroscopic measurements
Hybrid and Novel Imaging and New Optical Instrumentation for Biomedical Applications, 2001Co-Authors: Ekateryna I. Galanzha, Sergey S. Ulyanov, Valery V. Tuchin, Anastasiya V. Solov'eva, Haiying ChengAbstract:The Lymph Flow diagnostics in microvessels of rat mesentery were performed using light biomicroscopy, speckle- interferometry and spectroscopy. By light microscopy method we have got the dynamic of microvessels images in real time and registered phasic contractions and valve function of Lymphatics, Lymph and blood Flow. The mean velocity of Lymph Flow was the highest at the moderate number of Lymphocytes in Flow. We had found the close links between phasic contractions, valve activity and Lymph Flow intensity. The high-resolution speckle-microscopy quickly gives much information about average Lymph Flow velocity, but only the relative value of velocity can be estimated. The phasic contractions cause the changes of the speckle signals and led to the modification of Lymph Flow in microvessels. The reflectance spectra characterize functional state of Lymphatics and Lymph Flow in microvessels.
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Speckle diagnostics and biomicroscopy of Lymph Flow in microvessels
Imaging of Tissue Structure and Function, 2001Co-Authors: Ekateryna I. Galanzha, Sergey S. Ulyanov, Valery V. Tuchin, Anastasiya V. Solov'eva, Gregory E. BrillAbstract:In the present study speckle-interferometry and TV intravital biomicroscopy techniques has been proposed for the analysis of microcirculatory parameters. The power spectra of fluctuation of intensity, scattered by these vessels, have a complicated shape. The mean value of first spectral movement M1 (which is assumed to be directly proportional to average velocity) in Lymphatics with spontaneous contractions differ from vessels without phasic activity. We register two types of histogram of M1 in contracting and non-contracting vessels. The phasic contractions may be caused by the modification of Lymph Flow in microvessels and/or by the changes of the speckle signal values. An application of Lymphotropic drugs (staphylococcal toxin, N-nitro-L-arginine and dimethyl sufoxide) on the Lymph microvessels has been investigated. The study of Lymph Flow by two methods (intravital TV biomicroscopy and speckle-interferometry) allows to determine the ways of the action of vasoactive drugs on Lymph Flow.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
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Monitoring of Lymph Flow in microvessels by biomicroscopy and speckle-interferometry
Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedical Science and Clinical Applications V, 2001Co-Authors: Ekateryna I. Galanzha, Gregory E. Brill, Sergey S. Ulyanov, Anastasiya V. Solov'eva, Valery V. TuchinAbstract:In the paper Lymph Flow in microvessels by two methods in norm and under influence of vasoactive drugs: N-nitro-L- Arginine (L-NNA, 10-4M and dimethyl sufoxide (DMSO, 30%) was studied. We measured absolute linear Flow velocity by microscopic method and parameter proportional to velocity (M1) using the speckle-interferometry. Also other parameters of Lymph and blood microcirculation were measured. The Lymph Flow differs from blood Flow. The average Flow velocity for the Lymphatics is more than for the blood microvessels. The negative correlation between blood Flow velocity and diameter of vessel absents in Lymphatics. The phase contractions contribute to the Lymph Flow. The M1 in contracting Lymphatics are of the same values in different vessels. But the non-contracting microvessels has very varying indexes of M1. Probably the wall movements during phasic contractions led to the change of speckle signals. The action of vasoactive drugs (L-NNA and DMSO) stimulates the Lymph Flow and phasic activity in microvessels of rat mesentery. The effects of L-NNA and DMSO on diameters are different. The constriction of microvessels prevailed at the DMSO application. The dilatation dominated at the L-NNA action.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
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Imaging of Lymph Flow in single microvessels in vivo
Biomedical Photonics and Optoelectronic Imaging, 2000Co-Authors: Ekateryna I. Galanzha, Gregory E. Brill, Sergey S. Ulyanov, Valery V. Tuchin, Anastasiya V. Solov'evaAbstract:In this study parameters of Lymph microcirculation are investigated. The microcirculation was studied on small intestine mesentery in norm and during Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) application. The direct measurement of Lymph Flow velocity (parameter V) in individual microvessels was based on the technique of light intravital videomicroscopy. The first spectral moments of Doppler signal, characterizing the mean velocities of Lymph Flow in microvessels (parameter M1), were measured by speckle-interferometrical method. Simultaneously, diameters of Lymph microvessels as well as parameters of phasic contractions and valve function of Lymphatics were registered. The value of V was very changeable; the mean V was equal to 270+/- 24micrometers /s. The M1 was the varying characteristic of the Lymph Flow too. The temporal dynamic of M1 was reflected alternating- translation motion of Lymph Flow. DMSO application during 15 min caused the constriction in a majority of Lymphatics and the phasic contractions. DMSO induced Lymphostatis in 20% of cases. But the other microvessels responded to the rise of Lymph Flow velocity. These changes led to the stimulation of drainage function of Lymph microcirculation function.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
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Peculiarities of Lymph Flow in microvessels
Optical Diagnostics of Biological Fluids V, 2000Co-Authors: Ekateryna I. Galanzha, Gregory E. Brill, Sergey S. Ulyanov, Valery V. Tuchin, Anastasiya V. Solov'eva, Alexey V. SedykhAbstract:In the present study the characteristics of Lymph Flow in microvessels are investigated in vivo by the speckle- interferometrical and biomicroscopic methods. Two parameters of the Lymph Flow velocity are determined. The first frequency-weighted spectral moment of Doppler signal (M1) was calculated. This parameter is proportional to Lymph Flow velocity. In the same regions of Lymphatics the velocity of translational motion of the signal Lymphocytes in the Flow is assessed. The value of velocity and the parameter M1 essentially varied. The temporary dynamics of M1 indicated that the Lymph Flow had the alternating- translational character. Simultaneously the diameter of Lymph microvessel, the amplitude and the rate of phasic contraction and the rate of valve functioning are registered. NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 10-4 M), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is topically applied during 15 min. The application of L-NNA provoked the modulation of alternating-translational motion of Lymph Flow, the changes of diameters and rate of valve function and the stimulating of phasic contractions and the correlation between parameters of Lymph microcirculation.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
