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Spencer C. H. Barrett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variation in style morph frequencies in tristylous Lythrum salicaria in the iberian peninsula the role of geographical and demographic factors
Annals of Botany, 2015Co-Authors: Joana Costa, Silvia Castro, Joao Loureiro, Spencer C. H. BarrettAbstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS The balance between stochastic forces and negative frequency-dependent selection largely determines style morph frequencies in heterostylous populations. Investigation of morph frequencies at geographical range limits can provide insights into the forces maintaining the floral polymorphism, and the factors causing biased morph ratios. Here, we investigate style morph frequencies in populations at the south-western European range limit of tristylous Lythrum salicaria, to explore the role of demographic and geographical factors influencing morph ratios in its native range. METHODS We measured morph composition and evenness, and the size of 96 populations, along a north to south latitudinal transect from Galicia to Andalucia, Iberian Peninsula, traversing a steep climatic gradient. To examine the potential influence of morph-specific fitness components on morph ratios, we examined reproductive traits in 19 populations. KEY RESULTS Most populations of L. salicaria were trimorphic (94·79 %), the majority exhibiting 1 : 1 : 1 morph ratios (68·75 %). Populations with biased morph ratios had a deficiency of the short-styled morph. Population size and morph evenness were positively associated with latitude, with smaller populations and those with less even morph ratios occurring towards the south. Greater variance in morph evenness was evident at the southern range margin. There were no consistent differences in components of reproductive fitness among style morphs, but southern populations produced less fruit and seed than more northerly populations. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the influence of finite population size on morph frequencies in L. salicaria. However, they also illustrate the resilience of Iberian populations to the factors causing deviations from isoplethy and morph loss, especially at the southern range limit where populations are smaller. The maintenance of tristyly in small populations of L. salicaria may be aided by the genetic connectivity of populations in agricultural landscapes resulting from gene flow through pollen and seed dispersal.
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population divergence along lines of genetic variance and covariance in the invasive plant Lythrum salicaria in eastern north america
Evolution, 2011Co-Authors: Robert I Colautti, Spencer C. H. BarrettAbstract:Evolution during biological invasion may occur over contemporary timescales, but the rate of evolutionary change may be inhibited by a lack of standing genetic variation for ecologically relevant traits and by fitness trade-offs among them. The extent to which these genetic constraints limit the evolution of local adaptation during biological invasion has rarely been examined. To investigate genetic constraints on life-history traits, we measured standing genetic variance and covariance in 20 populations of the invasive plant purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) sampled along a latitudinal climatic gradient in eastern North America and grown under uniform conditions in a glasshouse. Genetic variances within and among populations were significant for all traits; however, strong intercorrelations among measurements of seedling growth rate, time to reproductive maturity and adult size suggested that fitness trade-offs have constrained population divergence. Evidence to support this hypothesis was obtained from the genetic variance-covariance matrix (G) and the matrix of (co)variance among population means (D), which were 79.8% (95% C.I. 77.7-82.9%) similar. These results suggest that population divergence during invasive spread of L. salicaria in eastern North America has been constrained by strong genetic correlations among life-history traits, despite large amounts of standing genetic variation for individual traits.
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re establishment of clinal variation in flowering time among introduced populations of purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria lythraceae
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2008Co-Authors: J L Montague, Spencer C. H. Barrett, Christopher G. EckertAbstract:Range expansion during biological invasion requires that invaders adapt to geographical variation in climate, which should yield latitudinal clines in reproductive phenology. We investigated geographic variation in life history among 25 introduced populations of Lythrum salicaria, a widespread European invader of North American wetlands. We detected a strong latitudinal cline in initiation of flowering and size at flowering, which paralleled that reported among native populations. Plants from higher latitudes flowered earlier and at a smaller size than those from lower latitudes, even when raised in a uniform glasshouse. Early flowering was associated with greatly reduced reproductive output, but this was not associated with latitudinal variation in abundance, and probably did not result from a genetic correlation between time to and size at flowering. As introduction to North America c. 200 years ago, L. salicaria has re-established latitudinal clines in life history, probably as an evolutionary response to climatic selection.
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genetic drift and founder effect in native versus introduced populations of an invading plant Lythrum salicaria lythraceae
Evolution, 1996Co-Authors: Christopher G. Eckert, Domenica Manicacci, Spencer C. H. BarrettAbstract:There are few convincing examples of genetic drift at loci under selection in natural populations. The plant sexual polymorphism tristyly provides an opportunity to investigate genetic drift because stochastic processes interacting with frequency-dependent selection give rise to a diagnostic pattern of morph-frequency variation. A previous study of 102 Ontario populations of the introduced tristylous wetland herb Lythrum salicaria provided evidence for the role of stochastic processes during colonization. However, whether stochastic effects are greater in these recently introduced populations compared to native Eurasian populations remains unclear. The propensity of this species to invade disturbed habitats suggests that episodes of colonization and periods of small population size must also occur in the native range. A survey of 102 populations in southwestern France indicated reduced stochastic effects in native populations. Populations exhibited significantly lower morph loss than in Ontario (5% vs. 23%) and significantly higher values of morph evenness. The greater incidence of trimorphism in French populations was not associated with larger population sizes; populations were significantly smaller than those in Ontario (means: 266 vs. 487). Morph evenness was positively correlated with population size among French but not Ontario populations, providing further evidence of nonequilibrium conditions in introduced compared to native populations. The incidence of trimorphism was unexpectedly high in small native populations (N ≤ 25; 22 of 27 populations trimorphic). Computer simulations indicated that levels of gene flow on the order of m ≥ 0.05 can account for the maintenance of tristyly in small populations. The high connectivity of populations within the agricultural landscape typical of southwestern France may facilitate levels of gene flow sufficient to maintain trimorphism in small populations.
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Frequency-dependent selection on morph ratios in tristylous Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae)
Heredity, 1996Co-Authors: Christopher G. Eckert, Domenica Manicacci, Spencer C. H. BarrettAbstract:Frequency-dependent selection on morph ratios in tristylous Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae)
Christopher G. Eckert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of host abundance on the distribution and impact of biocontrol agents on purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria lythraceae
Ecoscience, 2013Co-Authors: Angela E Boag, Christopher G. EckertAbstract:The spread and efficacy of biological control agents are thought to increase with the regional frequency of host populations. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the occurrence of and damage by 2 biocontrol agents, Galerucella pusilla and G. calmariensis beetles, on 52 introduced stands of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in Ontario, Canada. An analysis of herbarium records combined with population-genetic analysis of style morph frequencies and extensive field observations made across Ontario over a 25-y period indicate that L. salicaria populations are more densely distributed in eastern than central Ontario. However, we did not detect the control agents more frequently nor was damage by biocontrol agents higher in 14 eastern stands than 17 central stands. By comparing 20 stands where beetles had been deliberately released with 32 for which there is no recorded history of beetle release, we found that beetles had spread widely beyond documented release sites. However, plants at release sites were more heavily damaged than those at non-release sites, such that previous surveys monitoring only release sites overestimated the efficacy of control. Overall, we detected herbivory by Galerucella spp. in 88% of L. salicaria stands throughout eastern and central Ontario, and only 5% of 5957 plants sampled seem to have entirely escaped damage. We recommend an iterative post-release monitoring study to determine the broader efficacy of the control program using the baseline quantitative data presented here.
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re establishment of clinal variation in flowering time among introduced populations of purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria lythraceae
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2008Co-Authors: J L Montague, Spencer C. H. Barrett, Christopher G. EckertAbstract:Range expansion during biological invasion requires that invaders adapt to geographical variation in climate, which should yield latitudinal clines in reproductive phenology. We investigated geographic variation in life history among 25 introduced populations of Lythrum salicaria, a widespread European invader of North American wetlands. We detected a strong latitudinal cline in initiation of flowering and size at flowering, which paralleled that reported among native populations. Plants from higher latitudes flowered earlier and at a smaller size than those from lower latitudes, even when raised in a uniform glasshouse. Early flowering was associated with greatly reduced reproductive output, but this was not associated with latitudinal variation in abundance, and probably did not result from a genetic correlation between time to and size at flowering. As introduction to North America c. 200 years ago, L. salicaria has re-established latitudinal clines in life history, probably as an evolutionary response to climatic selection.
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genetic drift and founder effect in native versus introduced populations of an invading plant Lythrum salicaria lythraceae
Evolution, 1996Co-Authors: Christopher G. Eckert, Domenica Manicacci, Spencer C. H. BarrettAbstract:There are few convincing examples of genetic drift at loci under selection in natural populations. The plant sexual polymorphism tristyly provides an opportunity to investigate genetic drift because stochastic processes interacting with frequency-dependent selection give rise to a diagnostic pattern of morph-frequency variation. A previous study of 102 Ontario populations of the introduced tristylous wetland herb Lythrum salicaria provided evidence for the role of stochastic processes during colonization. However, whether stochastic effects are greater in these recently introduced populations compared to native Eurasian populations remains unclear. The propensity of this species to invade disturbed habitats suggests that episodes of colonization and periods of small population size must also occur in the native range. A survey of 102 populations in southwestern France indicated reduced stochastic effects in native populations. Populations exhibited significantly lower morph loss than in Ontario (5% vs. 23%) and significantly higher values of morph evenness. The greater incidence of trimorphism in French populations was not associated with larger population sizes; populations were significantly smaller than those in Ontario (means: 266 vs. 487). Morph evenness was positively correlated with population size among French but not Ontario populations, providing further evidence of nonequilibrium conditions in introduced compared to native populations. The incidence of trimorphism was unexpectedly high in small native populations (N ≤ 25; 22 of 27 populations trimorphic). Computer simulations indicated that levels of gene flow on the order of m ≥ 0.05 can account for the maintenance of tristyly in small populations. The high connectivity of populations within the agricultural landscape typical of southwestern France may facilitate levels of gene flow sufficient to maintain trimorphism in small populations.
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Frequency-dependent selection on morph ratios in tristylous Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae)
Heredity, 1996Co-Authors: Christopher G. Eckert, Domenica Manicacci, Spencer C. H. BarrettAbstract:Frequency-dependent selection on morph ratios in tristylous Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae)
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stochastic loss of style morphs from populations of tristylous Lythrum salicaria and decodon verticillatus lythraceae
Evolution, 1992Co-Authors: Christopher G. Eckert, Spencer C. H. BarrettAbstract:Despite the theoretical importance of stochastic processes in evolution there have been few empirical studies of the interaction between genetic drift and selection on the maintenance of polymorphisms in plant populations. We used computer models to investigate the interaction between drift and frequency-dependent selection in affecting style morph frequencies in populations of tristylous species. Drift produces a distinct pattern of morph frequency variation involving: 1) the loss of the S morph and, to a lesser extent, the M morph; 2) no consistent bias in frequencies within populations; 3) a restricted pattern of variation involving a deficiency of one morph and equal excesses of the other two. Morph frequencies were surveyed in 137 populations of Lythrum salicaria from both its native range in Europe (N = 35) and recent adventive range in Ontario (N = 102), and 133 populations of Decodon verticillatus from four regions in eastern North America with different glacial histories to assess these theoretical predictions. There was a negative rela- tionship between morph loss and population size in both species; the relationship was weaker in D. verticillatus than in L. salicaria. Morph loss was more frequent in the adventive than native range of L. salicaria, and in populations of D. verticillatus from glaciated northern regions compared with the unglaciated southern portion of its range. Simulations incorporating variation in life history, regeneration strategy and mating patterns revealed that the degree of morph loss was strongly influenced by year to year survival, clonal propagation, self-fertilization and departures from disassortative mating. Comparing the pattern of morph frequency variation between species supported these predictions. Morph loss was lower in self-incompatible L. salicaria (0% in Europe; 23% in Ontario), which reproduces through seed compared to self-compatible, clonal D. verticillatus (52%). A stochastic model provides the most parsimonious explanation for observed patterns of morph frequency variation in both species.
Krokaitė Edvina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic parameters of populations of Lythrum salicaria growing within some areas of natural distribution range
2021Co-Authors: Kupčinskienė Eugenija, Shakeneva Dinara, Jocienė Lina, Rekašius Tomas, Krokaitė EdvinaAbstract:Riparian habitats are very complex and important part of terrestrial ecosystem. When compared to land plants, riparian vegetation is exposed to a much stronger effect of anthropogenic factors. Under various scenarios of ongoing climatic change, information about diversity of plants, sampled within natural distribution range, is crucial for understanding of species behavior potentials. In special, information about genetic traits might be valuable tool explaining possible mechanisms of invasiveness success. Lythrum salicaria is a species of the Northern Hemisphere. It is widely investigated along his invasive distribution range in North America, and natural areas of West Europe. Information about the species in more northern-eastern territories of Europe, including Baltic States, is still missing; despite L. salicaria is rather common plant of wetlands of these areas. The present study is aimed at evaluation of genetic diversity of Lithuanian populations of L. salicaria. Growing along three river basins (Nemunas, Seaside rivers and Lielupė), 15 populations were examined. For molecular studies, four pairs of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers have been used. Genetic diversity parameters (mean per population) were as followed: percentage of polymorphic loci (% P) was 57.2, expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.183, and Shannon’s information index (I) was 0.280, and polymorphic information content 0.218. Mantel test showed that there was correlation between genetic distance between populations and geographical distribution. Despite present examination of L. salicaria populations in much smaller spatial scale, indices of genetic diversity of Lithuanian populations were comparable with those obtained for populations of the wide continental transectsBiologijos katedraGamtos mokslų fakultetasVilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
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Some aspects of nutrition of Lythrum salicaria
2020Co-Authors: Krokaitė Edvina, Shakeneva Dinara, Jocienė Lina, Rekašius Tomas, Žvingila Donatas, Kupčinskienė EugenijaAbstract:In recent decades, big attention is paid to the quality of wetlands. Till now, collected data on adverse pollutant effects on the aquatic macroflora are not sufficient to get ideas about long-term consequences. Land use is accompanied by pollution, in particular due to the use of fertilizers in agriculture. Reminders of unexplored nutrients (N in special), finally are moving from the soil into inland waters. Nutrient assessment could help to understand sensitivity of water ecosystems. Lythrum salicaria is wetland species that is growing naturally along riverbanks in Europe. Due to secondary metabolites this plant is used for medicinal purposes, valuable for ornamental gardening and for apiculture, important indicator of soil salinity. Lythrum salicaria is alien in the United States of America and Canada. Various biological characteristics have been recorded for this species within invasive range of its distribution, but information on ecophysiological parameters is still lacking, especially in the Baltic countries. Our task was to evaluate the differences in leaf N concentration for L. salicaria populations growing in distinct parts of Lithuanian riverbanks. Our study included populations of 7 riparian species sampled in the Nemunas river and sea basins. Three independent batches of whole leaves were dried, powdered, and analyzed by the Kjeldahl method. Nitrogen concentration was expressed as a percentage of dry mass (d. m.). The mean leaf N concentration in L. salicaria populations was 2.98 % d. m. The lowest N concentration (2.35 % d. m.) was recorded in the populations taken on the banks of the Nemunas river, and the highest (3.94 % in d. m.) was observed in the population along the Neris river. The difference between the most contrasting populations was 1.68-fold (p
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Some peculiarities of Lythrum salicaria nutrition
2020Co-Authors: Krokaitė Edvina, Shakeneva Dinara, Jocienė Lina, Rekašius Tomas, Žvingila Donatas, Kupčinskienė EugenijaAbstract:Nowadays much attention is paid to the quality of wetlands and waters. Environmental data on pollutants are not sufficient to understand the direct effects of negative compounds on aquatic flora. There is also the question of human impact on the environment. Land use is facing a major pollution load, in particular due to the use of fertilizers in agriculture, which falls in inland waters. Nitrogen (N) is the main mineral nutrient needed for plants and it plays an essential role in the plant life cycle. The nutrient evaluation could help to understand the affection level for environment. Lythrum salicaria is riparian plant species, naturally occurring the riverbanks in Europe but is invasive in the United States of Amerika and Canada. This plant used for medical purposes, has many secondary metabolites and is important as indicator of soil salinity. There are genetical evaluations of this plant, but there is a lack of information about ecophysiological parameters, especially in the Baltic countries. Our task was to evaluate leaf N concentration differences and compared it among populations of L. salicaria growing in different sites of Lithuanian rivers. Our study involved 29 populations of selected plant species, sampled on the Nemunas river and seafront catchments. Three independent batches of healthy leaves were dried, turned to the powder and analyzed by Kjeldahl method. Nitrogen concentrations were expressed as percentage of dry mass (d.m.).[...]Biologijos katedraGamtos mokslų fakultetasVilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetasVilniaus universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
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Vandens augalų rūšių azoto koncentracijų sąsajos su žemės dangos tipu ir kitais aplinkos veiksniais
'Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry', 2020Co-Authors: Krokaitė Edvina, Shakeneva Dinara, Rekašius Tomas, Juškaitytė Erika, Nemaniūtė-gužienė Jolanta, Butkuvienė Jurgita, Patamsytė Jolanta, Rančelienė Vida, Vyšniauskienė Regina, Duchovskienė LaisvūnėAbstract:Baltijos šalių azoto (N) iškritų duomenys kartu su sausumos vandenų rodikliais rodo, kad azoto apkrova gali lemti augmenijos pokyčius. Nors upių eutrofikacija yra plačiai analizuojama, vis dar trūksta informacijos apie pakrantės augalų rūšių fiziologinius rodiklius. Tyrimo tikslas – palyginti Lietuvos vandens pakrančių augalų rūšių populiacijų lapų azoto koncentracijų duomenis, juos susiejant su tyrimo vietoms pagal gretimų žemių dangos tipu ir naudojimo paskirtimi, taikant aplinkos informacijos koordinuotos sistemą (CORINE), upių būkle bei dydžiu, žemės ūkio intensyvumu 1991–1996 metais ir upių vagų keitimu. Tyrimo medžiagą surinkus per 2015 m. rugpjūčio mėn. pirmąjį dešimtadienį iš pagrindinių Lietuvos upių 241 vietos, buvo įvertintos plačiai paplitusių penkių pakrančių ir dviejų vandens augalų (natūralių ir invazinių) azoto koncentracijos. Analizėms naudoti augalų lapai, kurių azoto koncentracijos buvo nustatytos Kjeldalio metodu. Didžiausi (1,7 karto, p < 0,05) lapų azoto koncentracijos skirtumai tarp populiacijų nustatyti Lythrum salicaria. Pagal populiacijų lapų azoto koncentracijų (N % sausos masės, SM) vidutines vertes, tirtų rūšių augalai išdėstė taip: Lythrum salicaria (3,0) < Stuckenia pectinata (3,1) < Phalaris arundinacea (3,5) < Bidens frondosa (3,8) < Phragmites australis (4,0) < Nuphar lutea (4,1) < Echinocystis lobata (4,2). Iš esmės didesnės (p < 0,05) lapų azoto koncentracijos buvo nustatytos Lythrum salicaria populiacijų, augančių šalia mažų upių (3,4 % N SM) nei augančių šalia didelių upių (2,8 % N SM). Skirtingomis savybėmis pasižyminčiose upių vietose rinkti vandens augalai reikšmingai nesiskyrė pagal lapų azoto koncentracijas. [...]Nitrogen (N) deposition data, together with inland water parameters, provide evidence that N load may affect the vegetation of Baltic States. There is much concern about eutrophication of the rivers, although information about physiological parameters of riparian plant species is still poor. The present study is aimed at comparison of leaf N concentration among populations of aquatic plant species of Lithuania, relating N concentration data to the type of land cover (classification system of COoRdinate Information on the Environment, CORINE) in the neighbouring areas, river state and size, intensity of agriculture in 1991–1996, and natural vice versa regulated fragments of the riverbed. The leaf N concentrations of widely spread native and invasive species (5 riparian and 2 water plants) were estimated for 241 sites (collection time 1st ten-day period of August, 2015) of the main river catchments of Lithuania. Only leaf blades were used for analyses and N concentrations were determined by the Kjeldahl method. The biggest (1.7 times) variation (p < 0.05) in leaf N concentration among populations was documented for Lythrum salicaria. According to the mean values (N % of dry mass, DM) of the leaf N concentration, species could be arranged into following order: Lythrum salicaria (3.0) < Stuckenia pectinata (3.1) < Phalaris arundinacea(3.5) < Bidens frondosa (3.8) < Phragmites australis (4.0) < Nuphar lutea (4.1) < Echinocystis lobata (4.2). Significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of leaf N were found for L. salicaria populations growing near the small rivers (3.4% N DM) compared to the large ones (2.8% N DM). Other selected river and its environment parameters in most cases did not have significant effect on leaf N concentrations of aquatic plants of Lithuania. [...]Aplinkos tyrimų centrasBiologijos katedraGamtos mokslų fakultetasGamtos tyrimų centrasMatematikos ir statistikos katedraVilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetasVilniaus universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
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Vandens augalų rūšių azoto koncentracijų sąsajos su žemės dangos tipu ir kitais aplinkos veiksniais
2020Co-Authors: Krokaitė Edvina, Shakeneva Dinara, Rekašius Tomas, Juškaitytė Erika, Nemaniūtė-gužienė Jolanta, Patamsytė Jolanta, Rančelienė Vida, Vyšniauskienė Regina, Utkuvienė Jurgita, Duchovskienė LaisvūnėAbstract:Baltijos šalių azoto (N) iškritų duomenys kartu su sausumos vandenų rodikliais rodo, kad azoto apkrova gali lemti augmenijos pokyčius. Nors upių eutrofikacija yra plačiai analizuojama, vis dar trūksta informacijos apie pakrantės augalų rūšių fiziologinius rodiklius. Tyrimo tikslas – palyginti Lietuvos vandens pakrančių augalų rūšių populiacijų lapų azoto koncentracijų duomenis, juos susiejant su tyrimo vietoms pagal gretimų žemių dangos tipu ir naudojimo paskirtimi, taikant aplinkos informacijos koordinuotos sistemą (CORINE), upių būkle bei dydžiu, žemės ūkio intensyvumu 1991–1996 metais ir upių vagų keitimu. Tyrimo medžiagą surinkus per 2015 m. rugpjūčio mėn. pirmąjį dešimtadienį iš pagrindinių Lietuvos upių 241 vietos, buvo įvertintos plačiai paplitusių penkių pakrančių ir dviejų vandens augalų (natūralių ir invazinių) azoto koncentracijos. Analizėms naudoti augalų lapai, kurių azoto koncentracijos buvo nustatytos Kjeldalio metodu. Didžiausi (1,7 karto, p < 0,05) lapų azoto koncentracijos skirtumai tarp populiacijų nustatyti Lythrum salicaria. Pagal populiacijų lapų azoto koncentracijų (N % sausos masės, SM) vidutines vertes, tirtų rūšių augalai išdėstė taip: Lythrum salicaria (3,0) < Stuckenia pectinata (3,1) < Phalaris arundinacea (3,5) < Bidens frondosa (3,8) < Phragmites australis (4,0) < Nuphar lutea (4,1) < Echinocystis lobata (4,2). Iš esmės didesnės (p < 0,05) lapų azoto koncentracijos buvo nustatytos Lythrum salicaria populiacijų, augančių šalia mažų upių (3,4 % N SM) nei augančių šalia didelių upių (2,8 % N SM). Skirtingomis savybėmis pasižyminčiose upių vietose rinkti vandens augalai reikšmingai nesiskyrė pagal lapų azoto koncentracijas. [...]Nitrogen (N) deposition data, together with inland water parameters, provide evidence that N load may affect the vegetation of Baltic States. There is much concern about eutrophication of the rivers, although information about physiological parameters of riparian plant species is still poor. The present study is aimed at comparison of leaf N concentration among populations of aquatic plant species of Lithuania, relating N concentration data to the type of land cover (classification system of COoRdinate Information on the Environment, CORINE) in the neighbouring areas, river state and size, intensity of agriculture in 1991–1996, and natural vice versa regulated fragments of the riverbed. The leaf N concentrations of widely spread native and invasive species (5 riparian and 2 water plants) were estimated for 241 sites (collection time 1st ten-day period of August, 2015) of the main river catchments of Lithuania. Only leaf blades were used for analyses and N concentrations were determined by the Kjeldahl method. The biggest (1.7 times) variation (p < 0.05) in leaf N concentration among populations was documented for Lythrum salicaria. According to the mean values (N % of dry mass, DM) of the leaf N concentration, species could be arranged into following order: Lythrum salicaria (3.0) < Stuckenia pectinata (3.1) < Phalaris arundinacea(3.5) < Bidens frondosa (3.8) < Phragmites australis (4.0) < Nuphar lutea (4.1) < Echinocystis lobata (4.2). Significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of leaf N were found for L. salicaria populations growing near the small rivers (3.4% N DM) compared to the large ones (2.8% N DM). Other selected river and its environment parameters in most cases did not have significant effect on leaf N concentrations of aquatic plants of Lithuania. [...]Aplinkos tyrimų centrasBiologijos katedraGamtos mokslų fakultetasGamtos tyrimų centrasInformatikos fakultetasMatematikos ir statistikos katedraVilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetasVilniaus universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
Shakeneva Dinara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Using of regional plant raw materials in the technology of stuffed animals and academic carcasses manufacture
2021Co-Authors: Тарасовская, Наталия Евгеньевна, Shakeneva Dinara, Жумадилов, Булат Зулхарнаев, Kupčinskienė EugenijaAbstract:The method of keeping and processing of animals pelts for the manufacture of stuffed animals and academic carcasses with using of ethyl alcohol and plant raw materials was proposed. In 70o ethyl spirit dry overland parts of Lythrum salicaria or Lythrum virgatum and leafless anabasis (Anabasisaphylla) collected in flowing period in the ratio of every kind of plant raw material and solution 1:5 were added. After the exposition during 2-3 days animals’ pelts are put to the conserving liquid and kept till the processing, which includes the dilution of conserving liquid by flowing water in the ratio 1:1 and after the exposition 1-2 days – pelts’ dryingand making of exhibits. The pelt processing by this method has significant mechanical durability and elasticity; it is steady to bacterial deterioration and destruction by home insects and museum pests. Conserving liquid prepared by extraction of purple loosestrife(Lythrum salicaria) or switch loosestrife(Lythrum virgatum) and leafless anabasis (Anabasisaphylla) on 70o ethyl alcohol may be also used for the keeping and conserving of carcasses and interior organs of vertebrate animals for parasitological and pathologic morphological explorations, [...]Biologijos katedraGamtos mokslų fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
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Genetic parameters of populations of Lythrum salicaria growing within some areas of natural distribution range
2021Co-Authors: Kupčinskienė Eugenija, Shakeneva Dinara, Jocienė Lina, Rekašius Tomas, Krokaitė EdvinaAbstract:Riparian habitats are very complex and important part of terrestrial ecosystem. When compared to land plants, riparian vegetation is exposed to a much stronger effect of anthropogenic factors. Under various scenarios of ongoing climatic change, information about diversity of plants, sampled within natural distribution range, is crucial for understanding of species behavior potentials. In special, information about genetic traits might be valuable tool explaining possible mechanisms of invasiveness success. Lythrum salicaria is a species of the Northern Hemisphere. It is widely investigated along his invasive distribution range in North America, and natural areas of West Europe. Information about the species in more northern-eastern territories of Europe, including Baltic States, is still missing; despite L. salicaria is rather common plant of wetlands of these areas. The present study is aimed at evaluation of genetic diversity of Lithuanian populations of L. salicaria. Growing along three river basins (Nemunas, Seaside rivers and Lielupė), 15 populations were examined. For molecular studies, four pairs of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers have been used. Genetic diversity parameters (mean per population) were as followed: percentage of polymorphic loci (% P) was 57.2, expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.183, and Shannon’s information index (I) was 0.280, and polymorphic information content 0.218. Mantel test showed that there was correlation between genetic distance between populations and geographical distribution. Despite present examination of L. salicaria populations in much smaller spatial scale, indices of genetic diversity of Lithuanian populations were comparable with those obtained for populations of the wide continental transectsBiologijos katedraGamtos mokslų fakultetasVilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
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Some aspects of nutrition of Lythrum salicaria
2020Co-Authors: Krokaitė Edvina, Shakeneva Dinara, Jocienė Lina, Rekašius Tomas, Žvingila Donatas, Kupčinskienė EugenijaAbstract:In recent decades, big attention is paid to the quality of wetlands. Till now, collected data on adverse pollutant effects on the aquatic macroflora are not sufficient to get ideas about long-term consequences. Land use is accompanied by pollution, in particular due to the use of fertilizers in agriculture. Reminders of unexplored nutrients (N in special), finally are moving from the soil into inland waters. Nutrient assessment could help to understand sensitivity of water ecosystems. Lythrum salicaria is wetland species that is growing naturally along riverbanks in Europe. Due to secondary metabolites this plant is used for medicinal purposes, valuable for ornamental gardening and for apiculture, important indicator of soil salinity. Lythrum salicaria is alien in the United States of America and Canada. Various biological characteristics have been recorded for this species within invasive range of its distribution, but information on ecophysiological parameters is still lacking, especially in the Baltic countries. Our task was to evaluate the differences in leaf N concentration for L. salicaria populations growing in distinct parts of Lithuanian riverbanks. Our study included populations of 7 riparian species sampled in the Nemunas river and sea basins. Three independent batches of whole leaves were dried, powdered, and analyzed by the Kjeldahl method. Nitrogen concentration was expressed as a percentage of dry mass (d. m.). The mean leaf N concentration in L. salicaria populations was 2.98 % d. m. The lowest N concentration (2.35 % d. m.) was recorded in the populations taken on the banks of the Nemunas river, and the highest (3.94 % in d. m.) was observed in the population along the Neris river. The difference between the most contrasting populations was 1.68-fold (p
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Some peculiarities of Lythrum salicaria nutrition
2020Co-Authors: Krokaitė Edvina, Shakeneva Dinara, Jocienė Lina, Rekašius Tomas, Žvingila Donatas, Kupčinskienė EugenijaAbstract:Nowadays much attention is paid to the quality of wetlands and waters. Environmental data on pollutants are not sufficient to understand the direct effects of negative compounds on aquatic flora. There is also the question of human impact on the environment. Land use is facing a major pollution load, in particular due to the use of fertilizers in agriculture, which falls in inland waters. Nitrogen (N) is the main mineral nutrient needed for plants and it plays an essential role in the plant life cycle. The nutrient evaluation could help to understand the affection level for environment. Lythrum salicaria is riparian plant species, naturally occurring the riverbanks in Europe but is invasive in the United States of Amerika and Canada. This plant used for medical purposes, has many secondary metabolites and is important as indicator of soil salinity. There are genetical evaluations of this plant, but there is a lack of information about ecophysiological parameters, especially in the Baltic countries. Our task was to evaluate leaf N concentration differences and compared it among populations of L. salicaria growing in different sites of Lithuanian rivers. Our study involved 29 populations of selected plant species, sampled on the Nemunas river and seafront catchments. Three independent batches of healthy leaves were dried, turned to the powder and analyzed by Kjeldahl method. Nitrogen concentrations were expressed as percentage of dry mass (d.m.).[...]Biologijos katedraGamtos mokslų fakultetasVilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetasVilniaus universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
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Vandens augalų rūšių azoto koncentracijų sąsajos su žemės dangos tipu ir kitais aplinkos veiksniais
'Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry', 2020Co-Authors: Krokaitė Edvina, Shakeneva Dinara, Rekašius Tomas, Juškaitytė Erika, Nemaniūtė-gužienė Jolanta, Butkuvienė Jurgita, Patamsytė Jolanta, Rančelienė Vida, Vyšniauskienė Regina, Duchovskienė LaisvūnėAbstract:Baltijos šalių azoto (N) iškritų duomenys kartu su sausumos vandenų rodikliais rodo, kad azoto apkrova gali lemti augmenijos pokyčius. Nors upių eutrofikacija yra plačiai analizuojama, vis dar trūksta informacijos apie pakrantės augalų rūšių fiziologinius rodiklius. Tyrimo tikslas – palyginti Lietuvos vandens pakrančių augalų rūšių populiacijų lapų azoto koncentracijų duomenis, juos susiejant su tyrimo vietoms pagal gretimų žemių dangos tipu ir naudojimo paskirtimi, taikant aplinkos informacijos koordinuotos sistemą (CORINE), upių būkle bei dydžiu, žemės ūkio intensyvumu 1991–1996 metais ir upių vagų keitimu. Tyrimo medžiagą surinkus per 2015 m. rugpjūčio mėn. pirmąjį dešimtadienį iš pagrindinių Lietuvos upių 241 vietos, buvo įvertintos plačiai paplitusių penkių pakrančių ir dviejų vandens augalų (natūralių ir invazinių) azoto koncentracijos. Analizėms naudoti augalų lapai, kurių azoto koncentracijos buvo nustatytos Kjeldalio metodu. Didžiausi (1,7 karto, p < 0,05) lapų azoto koncentracijos skirtumai tarp populiacijų nustatyti Lythrum salicaria. Pagal populiacijų lapų azoto koncentracijų (N % sausos masės, SM) vidutines vertes, tirtų rūšių augalai išdėstė taip: Lythrum salicaria (3,0) < Stuckenia pectinata (3,1) < Phalaris arundinacea (3,5) < Bidens frondosa (3,8) < Phragmites australis (4,0) < Nuphar lutea (4,1) < Echinocystis lobata (4,2). Iš esmės didesnės (p < 0,05) lapų azoto koncentracijos buvo nustatytos Lythrum salicaria populiacijų, augančių šalia mažų upių (3,4 % N SM) nei augančių šalia didelių upių (2,8 % N SM). Skirtingomis savybėmis pasižyminčiose upių vietose rinkti vandens augalai reikšmingai nesiskyrė pagal lapų azoto koncentracijas. [...]Nitrogen (N) deposition data, together with inland water parameters, provide evidence that N load may affect the vegetation of Baltic States. There is much concern about eutrophication of the rivers, although information about physiological parameters of riparian plant species is still poor. The present study is aimed at comparison of leaf N concentration among populations of aquatic plant species of Lithuania, relating N concentration data to the type of land cover (classification system of COoRdinate Information on the Environment, CORINE) in the neighbouring areas, river state and size, intensity of agriculture in 1991–1996, and natural vice versa regulated fragments of the riverbed. The leaf N concentrations of widely spread native and invasive species (5 riparian and 2 water plants) were estimated for 241 sites (collection time 1st ten-day period of August, 2015) of the main river catchments of Lithuania. Only leaf blades were used for analyses and N concentrations were determined by the Kjeldahl method. The biggest (1.7 times) variation (p < 0.05) in leaf N concentration among populations was documented for Lythrum salicaria. According to the mean values (N % of dry mass, DM) of the leaf N concentration, species could be arranged into following order: Lythrum salicaria (3.0) < Stuckenia pectinata (3.1) < Phalaris arundinacea(3.5) < Bidens frondosa (3.8) < Phragmites australis (4.0) < Nuphar lutea (4.1) < Echinocystis lobata (4.2). Significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of leaf N were found for L. salicaria populations growing near the small rivers (3.4% N DM) compared to the large ones (2.8% N DM). Other selected river and its environment parameters in most cases did not have significant effect on leaf N concentrations of aquatic plants of Lithuania. [...]Aplinkos tyrimų centrasBiologijos katedraGamtos mokslų fakultetasGamtos tyrimų centrasMatematikos ir statistikos katedraVilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetasVilniaus universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
Duchovskienė Laisvūnė - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vandens augalų rūšių azoto koncentracijų sąsajos su žemės dangos tipu ir kitais aplinkos veiksniais
'Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry', 2020Co-Authors: Krokaitė Edvina, Shakeneva Dinara, Rekašius Tomas, Juškaitytė Erika, Nemaniūtė-gužienė Jolanta, Butkuvienė Jurgita, Patamsytė Jolanta, Rančelienė Vida, Vyšniauskienė Regina, Duchovskienė LaisvūnėAbstract:Baltijos šalių azoto (N) iškritų duomenys kartu su sausumos vandenų rodikliais rodo, kad azoto apkrova gali lemti augmenijos pokyčius. Nors upių eutrofikacija yra plačiai analizuojama, vis dar trūksta informacijos apie pakrantės augalų rūšių fiziologinius rodiklius. Tyrimo tikslas – palyginti Lietuvos vandens pakrančių augalų rūšių populiacijų lapų azoto koncentracijų duomenis, juos susiejant su tyrimo vietoms pagal gretimų žemių dangos tipu ir naudojimo paskirtimi, taikant aplinkos informacijos koordinuotos sistemą (CORINE), upių būkle bei dydžiu, žemės ūkio intensyvumu 1991–1996 metais ir upių vagų keitimu. Tyrimo medžiagą surinkus per 2015 m. rugpjūčio mėn. pirmąjį dešimtadienį iš pagrindinių Lietuvos upių 241 vietos, buvo įvertintos plačiai paplitusių penkių pakrančių ir dviejų vandens augalų (natūralių ir invazinių) azoto koncentracijos. Analizėms naudoti augalų lapai, kurių azoto koncentracijos buvo nustatytos Kjeldalio metodu. Didžiausi (1,7 karto, p < 0,05) lapų azoto koncentracijos skirtumai tarp populiacijų nustatyti Lythrum salicaria. Pagal populiacijų lapų azoto koncentracijų (N % sausos masės, SM) vidutines vertes, tirtų rūšių augalai išdėstė taip: Lythrum salicaria (3,0) < Stuckenia pectinata (3,1) < Phalaris arundinacea (3,5) < Bidens frondosa (3,8) < Phragmites australis (4,0) < Nuphar lutea (4,1) < Echinocystis lobata (4,2). Iš esmės didesnės (p < 0,05) lapų azoto koncentracijos buvo nustatytos Lythrum salicaria populiacijų, augančių šalia mažų upių (3,4 % N SM) nei augančių šalia didelių upių (2,8 % N SM). Skirtingomis savybėmis pasižyminčiose upių vietose rinkti vandens augalai reikšmingai nesiskyrė pagal lapų azoto koncentracijas. [...]Nitrogen (N) deposition data, together with inland water parameters, provide evidence that N load may affect the vegetation of Baltic States. There is much concern about eutrophication of the rivers, although information about physiological parameters of riparian plant species is still poor. The present study is aimed at comparison of leaf N concentration among populations of aquatic plant species of Lithuania, relating N concentration data to the type of land cover (classification system of COoRdinate Information on the Environment, CORINE) in the neighbouring areas, river state and size, intensity of agriculture in 1991–1996, and natural vice versa regulated fragments of the riverbed. The leaf N concentrations of widely spread native and invasive species (5 riparian and 2 water plants) were estimated for 241 sites (collection time 1st ten-day period of August, 2015) of the main river catchments of Lithuania. Only leaf blades were used for analyses and N concentrations were determined by the Kjeldahl method. The biggest (1.7 times) variation (p < 0.05) in leaf N concentration among populations was documented for Lythrum salicaria. According to the mean values (N % of dry mass, DM) of the leaf N concentration, species could be arranged into following order: Lythrum salicaria (3.0) < Stuckenia pectinata (3.1) < Phalaris arundinacea(3.5) < Bidens frondosa (3.8) < Phragmites australis (4.0) < Nuphar lutea (4.1) < Echinocystis lobata (4.2). Significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of leaf N were found for L. salicaria populations growing near the small rivers (3.4% N DM) compared to the large ones (2.8% N DM). Other selected river and its environment parameters in most cases did not have significant effect on leaf N concentrations of aquatic plants of Lithuania. [...]Aplinkos tyrimų centrasBiologijos katedraGamtos mokslų fakultetasGamtos tyrimų centrasMatematikos ir statistikos katedraVilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetasVilniaus universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
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Vandens augalų rūšių azoto koncentracijų sąsajos su žemės dangos tipu ir kitais aplinkos veiksniais
2020Co-Authors: Krokaitė Edvina, Shakeneva Dinara, Rekašius Tomas, Juškaitytė Erika, Nemaniūtė-gužienė Jolanta, Patamsytė Jolanta, Rančelienė Vida, Vyšniauskienė Regina, Utkuvienė Jurgita, Duchovskienė LaisvūnėAbstract:Baltijos šalių azoto (N) iškritų duomenys kartu su sausumos vandenų rodikliais rodo, kad azoto apkrova gali lemti augmenijos pokyčius. Nors upių eutrofikacija yra plačiai analizuojama, vis dar trūksta informacijos apie pakrantės augalų rūšių fiziologinius rodiklius. Tyrimo tikslas – palyginti Lietuvos vandens pakrančių augalų rūšių populiacijų lapų azoto koncentracijų duomenis, juos susiejant su tyrimo vietoms pagal gretimų žemių dangos tipu ir naudojimo paskirtimi, taikant aplinkos informacijos koordinuotos sistemą (CORINE), upių būkle bei dydžiu, žemės ūkio intensyvumu 1991–1996 metais ir upių vagų keitimu. Tyrimo medžiagą surinkus per 2015 m. rugpjūčio mėn. pirmąjį dešimtadienį iš pagrindinių Lietuvos upių 241 vietos, buvo įvertintos plačiai paplitusių penkių pakrančių ir dviejų vandens augalų (natūralių ir invazinių) azoto koncentracijos. Analizėms naudoti augalų lapai, kurių azoto koncentracijos buvo nustatytos Kjeldalio metodu. Didžiausi (1,7 karto, p < 0,05) lapų azoto koncentracijos skirtumai tarp populiacijų nustatyti Lythrum salicaria. Pagal populiacijų lapų azoto koncentracijų (N % sausos masės, SM) vidutines vertes, tirtų rūšių augalai išdėstė taip: Lythrum salicaria (3,0) < Stuckenia pectinata (3,1) < Phalaris arundinacea (3,5) < Bidens frondosa (3,8) < Phragmites australis (4,0) < Nuphar lutea (4,1) < Echinocystis lobata (4,2). Iš esmės didesnės (p < 0,05) lapų azoto koncentracijos buvo nustatytos Lythrum salicaria populiacijų, augančių šalia mažų upių (3,4 % N SM) nei augančių šalia didelių upių (2,8 % N SM). Skirtingomis savybėmis pasižyminčiose upių vietose rinkti vandens augalai reikšmingai nesiskyrė pagal lapų azoto koncentracijas. [...]Nitrogen (N) deposition data, together with inland water parameters, provide evidence that N load may affect the vegetation of Baltic States. There is much concern about eutrophication of the rivers, although information about physiological parameters of riparian plant species is still poor. The present study is aimed at comparison of leaf N concentration among populations of aquatic plant species of Lithuania, relating N concentration data to the type of land cover (classification system of COoRdinate Information on the Environment, CORINE) in the neighbouring areas, river state and size, intensity of agriculture in 1991–1996, and natural vice versa regulated fragments of the riverbed. The leaf N concentrations of widely spread native and invasive species (5 riparian and 2 water plants) were estimated for 241 sites (collection time 1st ten-day period of August, 2015) of the main river catchments of Lithuania. Only leaf blades were used for analyses and N concentrations were determined by the Kjeldahl method. The biggest (1.7 times) variation (p < 0.05) in leaf N concentration among populations was documented for Lythrum salicaria. According to the mean values (N % of dry mass, DM) of the leaf N concentration, species could be arranged into following order: Lythrum salicaria (3.0) < Stuckenia pectinata (3.1) < Phalaris arundinacea(3.5) < Bidens frondosa (3.8) < Phragmites australis (4.0) < Nuphar lutea (4.1) < Echinocystis lobata (4.2). Significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of leaf N were found for L. salicaria populations growing near the small rivers (3.4% N DM) compared to the large ones (2.8% N DM). Other selected river and its environment parameters in most cases did not have significant effect on leaf N concentrations of aquatic plants of Lithuania. [...]Aplinkos tyrimų centrasBiologijos katedraGamtos mokslų fakultetasGamtos tyrimų centrasInformatikos fakultetasMatematikos ir statistikos katedraVilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetasVilniaus universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
