Maackia

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William R Graves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Nodulation and Nitrogen-fixing Capacity of Rhizobial Isolates from China in Symbiosis with Maackia amurensis
    Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 2007
    Co-Authors: James A. Schrader, Mark A. Kroggel, William R Graves
    Abstract:

    Abstract Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim (Amur Maackia) is a leguminous Asian tree capable of forming N2-fixing symbioses with soil-borne Bradyrhizobium spp. This trait sets Amur Maackia apart from...

  • container medium and nitrogen form affect production of amur Maackia Maackia amurensis rupr maxim
    Hortscience, 1997
    Co-Authors: Anthony S. Aiello, William R Graves
    Abstract:

    Amur Maackia (Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim.) has potential as a more widely grown nursery crop, but little information is available on effects of media and nutrition on growth of containerized plants. We compared growth of seedlings in five media and determined growth responses to two fertility regimes. After 35 days, total dry mass of plants grown in 1 perlite: 1 vermiculite (by volume) or in 5 sphagnum peat: 3 perlite: 2 soil was 3.2 times the dry mass of plants grown in three soilless media that contained composted bark; and after 70 days, growth was greater in the medium with soil than in 1 perlite: 1 vermiculite. Plants grown in solution culture with N at 0.75 mM had 1.8 times the dry mass of those provided N at 3.75 mM. Form of N in solution did not affect dry mass, but N content of leaves of plants grown with ≥50% NH + 4 was 1.3 times as great as that of plants provided only NO - 3 . Plants in containers attained maximal dry mass when fertilized with solutions containing N at 10.8 mM from NO - 3 , NH + 4 , and urea or N at 7.5 mM with equal amounts of NO - 3 and NH + 4 . None of the soilless media used consistently evoked growth similar to growth of plants in the soil-based medium.

  • Characterization of ENOD2 cDNAs in Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim. (Amur Maackia)
    HortScience, 1997
    Co-Authors: Carol M. Foster, William R Graves, Harry T. Horner
    Abstract:

    ENOD2 and other early nodulin genes are conserved among legumes studied to date and might function as markers for the potential of legumes to nodulate. Early nodulin genes have been characterized only among herbaceous legumes. We are interested in understanding the nature of ENOD2 in a nodulating, woody legume. A 561-bp MaENOD2 PCR fragment was used as a probe to screen a cDNA library from nodules ≈1 mm in diameter on roots of Amur Maackia, the only temperate and horticulturally desirable leguminous tree species known to nodulate. Five cDNAs were selected for nucleotide sequence analysis. Sequences were determined by using automated dideoxy sequencing and analyzed for identity to other genes with the Genetics Computer Group (GCG) program. The cDNA clones show 68% to 74% identity at the nucleic acid level with ENOD2 genes of Sesbania rostrata Brem. & Oberm., Glycine max (L.) Merrill, and Lupinus luteus L. Southern and northern analyses are being conducted to investigate the possibility of a gene family and to show differential and temporal production of transcripts, respectively. These studies provide new information about nodulins of woody legumes and are being used to facilitate related research on molecular barriers to nodulation in the closely related, non-nodulating tree species Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.-Cours.) Rudd (American yellowwood) and Sophora japonica L. (Japanese pagodatree).

  • Survival and Growth of Amur Maackia Seedlings Across North America
    HortScience, 1997
    Co-Authors: Anthony S. Aiello, William R Graves
    Abstract:

    Amur Maackia (Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim.) has potential for use in small, urban, or cold landscapes. Although Amur Maackia is becoming increasingly popular, plants are currently grown from open-pollinated seed populations, and there has been no selection of cultivars. We have addressed the effects of climate on growth and have begun field trials for selection of horticulturally superior genotypes. In May 1995, a field trial near Ames was begun with 337 plants. These were selected from more than 2000 greenhouse-grown seedlings to represent 32 half-sibling seed groups from 16 arboreta across North America. After two growing seasons, the increase in stem length among seed groups ranged from 3% to 75%. Survival rate did not vary with seed group. In a related study, 30 plants from six half-sibling groups have been established at each of 10 sites in the U.S. and four in Canada to assess effects of location on survival and growth. The influence of seed group on survival after 1 year varied with the trial site location. Survival among combinations of half-sibling group and trial location ranged from 0% to 100% (mean = 54%). Half-sibling group and trial location affected growth without interaction. The greatest growth across locations, an 83% increase in stem length, was shown by seeds that originated from a tree at the Arnold Arboretum. At the 14 locations, changes in stem length over half-sibling groups varied from <0% in Ithaca, N.Y., to 179% in Puyallup, Wash.

  • Container medium and nitrogen form affect production of Amur Maackia (Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim.)
    HortScience, 1997
    Co-Authors: Anthony S. Aiello, William R Graves
    Abstract:

    Amur Maackia (Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim.) has potential as a more widely grown nursery crop, but little information is available on effects of media and nutrition on growth of containerized plants. We compared growth of seedlings in five media and determined growth responses to two fertility regimes. After 35 days, total dry mass of plants grown in 1 perlite: 1 vermiculite (by volume) or in 5 sphagnum peat: 3 perlite: 2 soil was 3.2 times the dry mass of plants grown in three soilless media that contained composted bark; and after 70 days, growth was greater in the medium with soil than in 1 perlite: 1 vermiculite. Plants grown in solution culture with N at 0.75 mM had 1.8 times the dry mass of those provided N at 3.75 mM. Form of N in solution did not affect dry mass, but N content of leaves of plants grown with ≥50% NH + 4 was 1.3 times as great as that of plants provided only NO - 3 . Plants in containers attained maximal dry mass when fertilized with solutions containing N at 10.8 mM from NO - 3 , NH + 4 , and urea or N at 7.5 mM with equal amounts of NO - 3 and NH + 4 . None of the soilless media used consistently evoked growth similar to growth of plants in the soil-based medium.

Avadhesha Surolia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comprehensive analysis of α 2-3-linked sialic acid specific Maackia amurensis leukagglutinin reveals differentially occupied N-glycans and C-terminal processing.
    International journal of biological macromolecules, 2016
    Co-Authors: Gnanesh Kumar B.s, Avadhesha Surolia
    Abstract:

    Seeds of Maackia amurensis constitutes two sialic acid specific agglutinins known as leukagglutinin and hemagglutinin. Maackia amurensis leukagglutinin (MAL) recognizes alpha 12-3-linked sialic acid present mainly in N-glycans and composed of two disulfide linked monomers. It exhibits potential N-glycosylation sites (four PNGs) which have been assumed to undergo differential occupancy. In this study we have characterized the site specific macro- and microheterogeneity of monomers in detail by analysing N-glycopeptides and peptides through liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometer in MS3 mode (LC-MSn). We observed the presence of mainly paucimannose N-glycans at Asn(61), Asn(113) and Asn(191) whereas a high mannose type with varying Man(5-9) occurs at Asn(179). Interestingly Asn(179) and Asn(191) exhibited differential occupancy which was evident by the presence of non-glycosylated peptides. This has contributed to the difference in molecular mass of monomers upon SDS-PAGE. Further the presence of disulfide linked peptides confirmed the covalent linkage of monomers which also undergoes uniform C-terminal processing. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

David L. Gorchov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The effects of deer and an invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, on forest understory plant composition
    2019
    Co-Authors: Christina M. Haffey, David L. Gorchov
    Abstract:

    Overabundant generalist ungulates and invasive plants negatively impact forest plants, but few studies have investigated how these stressors interact. We tested the impacts after 5–6 years of exclusion vs. access of white-tailed deer and the presence or removal of an invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle), on forest understory plant composition in Ohio, USA. Exclusion of deer resulted in increased tree seedling density and species richness, and increased shrub basal area, but decreased species richness of the forest floor layer, as well as decreased cover of bare ground and annual plants. The removal of L. maackii resulted in impacts on a broader range of understory plants, including greater species richness and cover of the forest floor layer, and greater cover of graminoids and vines specifically. There were also interaction effects between deer and L. maackii. Where deer were excluded and L. maackii was removed, there was greater cover of tree seedlings, vines, and spring perennials, and a tendency for greater native species richness. These findings reveal that deer and invasive shrubs have synergistic effects on forest understories, indicating that management of both is warranted.

  • The effect of emerald ash borer-caused tree mortality on the invasive shrub Amur honeysuckle and their combined effects on tree and shrub seedlings
    Biological Invasions, 2017
    Co-Authors: Brian M. Hoven, David L. Gorchov, Kathleen S. Knight, Valerie E. Peters
    Abstract:

    Invasive insects and plants are major threats to the health and viability of North American forests. Emerald ash borer ( Agrilus planipennis ) (EAB) may cause extensive changes to forest composition due to rapid ash ( Fraxinus spp.) mortality. Invasive shrubs like Amur honeysuckle ( Lonicera maackii ) may benefit from EAB and have negative effects on woody seedlings. We predict that ash mortality has positive effects on seedling abundance, recruitment, and survival, but that these effects are influenced by L. maackii basal area and/or cover. We sampled 16 sites, representing a chronosequence of ash mortality throughout western Ohio. We tested whether L. maackii growth and fecundity varied in relation to ash decline. We also investigated effects of ash decline, stand basal area (BA), L. maackii BA and percent cover on woody seedling abundance, recruitment, and survival using linear mixed models evaluated with Akaike’s Information Criterion. These same responses were also investigated for four seedling groups: L. maackii , invasive plants (excluding L. maackii ), shade tolerant natives, and shade intolerant natives. We found a significant positive relationship between ash decline and L. maackii BA growth. Lower seedling species richness corresponded with greater L. maackii BA and better ash condition. Greater L. maackii BA was also associated with lower seedling abundance and recruitment, as well as abundance and recruitment of shade-tolerant species, and recruitment of shade-intolerant species. Sites with poorer ash condition and greater L. maackii BA had more L. maackii seedlings. These findings indicate that the negative effects of L. maackii are more important to future forest composition than ash decline; however ash decline increases L. maackii growth, hence exacerbating the effects of this invasive shrub.

  • Seed dispersal of an invasive shrub, Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii), by white-tailed deer in a fragmented agricultural-forest matrix
    Plant Ecology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Peter Guiden, David L. Gorchov, Clay Nielsen, Eric Schauber
    Abstract:

    Ungulates are potentially important seed dispersers for many invasive plant species. While our understanding of which invasive plant species are dispersed by ungulates has improved over the last decade, the factors influencing this process remain poorly understood. To address this, we explored white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) seed consumption and dispersal of an invasive shrub ( Lonicera maackii ) in fragmented agricultural-forest matrices in western Ohio. In a pairwise browse preference experiment, deer browsed at similar levels on branches of L. maackii with fruits removed and fruits intact (mean ± 95 % CI 57 ± 14 and 62 ± 14 %, respectively). We found no evidence that white-tailed deer disperse L. maackii seeds along an invasion front, but 31 % of deer pellet groups collected in an invaded area contained germinable L. maackii seeds (maximum number of germinable seeds = 30). By combining hourly movement data specific to fragmented landscapes and gut retention time data, we projected that female deer disperse 91 % of ingested seeds further than 100 m from seed sources (i.e., long-distance seed dispersal), and rarely disperse seeds up to 7.9 km. We conclude that white-tailed deer can be important long-distance seed dispersal vectors of L. maackii , and that invader abundance and/or patch connectivity likely influence patterns of seed dispersal by white-tailed deer.

  • effects of leaf litter on establishment growth and survival of invasive plant seedlings in a deciduous forest
    American Midland Naturalist, 2007
    Co-Authors: Anne M Artuszevige, Rikki L Hrenko, David L. Gorchov
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Disturbance often promotes plant invasion. Small disturbances to the forest floor expose bare soil to light which may promote seed germination and establishment. We tested the hypothesis that small disturbances to the litter layer allow invasive species to become established in forest interiors. We found that seedlings of the invasive shrub Lonicera maackii were found in sites with significantly lower leaf litter mass than regularly spaced points along a transect. We then investigated establishment and survival of L. maackii and the invasive biennial Alliaria petiolata in plots randomly assigned to three treatments: litter removed, litter added and control. Significantly more L. maackii seedlings established in the litter removed and control plots than the litter added treatments, but there was no effect on survival. Significantly more A. petiolata seedlings established in the litter removed plots than in the control or litter added treatments. Survival of established A. petiolata seedlings was s...

  • Avian Seed Dispersal of an Invasive Shrub
    Biological Invasions, 2006
    Co-Authors: Anne M. Bartuszevige, David L. Gorchov
    Abstract:

    The incorporation of an animal-dispersed exotic plant species into the diet of native frugivores can be an important step to that species becoming invasive. We investigated bird dispersal of Lonicera maackii , an Asian shrub invasive in eastern North America. We (i) determined which species of birds disperse viable L. maackii seeds, (ii) tested the effect of gut passage on L. maackii seeds, and (iii) projected the seed shadow based on habitat use by a major disperser. We found that four native and one exotic bird species dispersed viable L. maackii seeds. Gut passage through American robins did not inhibit germination, but gut passage through cedar waxwings did. American robins moved mostly along woodlot edges and fencerows, leading us to project that most viable seeds would be defecated in such habitats, which are very suitable for L. maackii . We conclude that L. maackii has been successfully incorporated into the diets of native and exotic birds and that American robins preferentially disperse seeds to suitable habitat.

Da-yuan Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Gnanesh Kumar B.s - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comprehensive analysis of α 2-3-linked sialic acid specific Maackia amurensis leukagglutinin reveals differentially occupied N-glycans and C-terminal processing.
    International journal of biological macromolecules, 2016
    Co-Authors: Gnanesh Kumar B.s, Avadhesha Surolia
    Abstract:

    Seeds of Maackia amurensis constitutes two sialic acid specific agglutinins known as leukagglutinin and hemagglutinin. Maackia amurensis leukagglutinin (MAL) recognizes alpha 12-3-linked sialic acid present mainly in N-glycans and composed of two disulfide linked monomers. It exhibits potential N-glycosylation sites (four PNGs) which have been assumed to undergo differential occupancy. In this study we have characterized the site specific macro- and microheterogeneity of monomers in detail by analysing N-glycopeptides and peptides through liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometer in MS3 mode (LC-MSn). We observed the presence of mainly paucimannose N-glycans at Asn(61), Asn(113) and Asn(191) whereas a high mannose type with varying Man(5-9) occurs at Asn(179). Interestingly Asn(179) and Asn(191) exhibited differential occupancy which was evident by the presence of non-glycosylated peptides. This has contributed to the difference in molecular mass of monomers upon SDS-PAGE. Further the presence of disulfide linked peptides confirmed the covalent linkage of monomers which also undergoes uniform C-terminal processing. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.