The Experts below are selected from a list of 7176 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Benjamin A. Cowan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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How Machismo Got Its Spurs—in English: Social Science, Cold War Imperialism, and the Ethnicization of Hypermasculinity
Latin American Research Review, 2017Co-Authors: Benjamin A. CowanAbstract:This article seeks to shift the framework of decades-long debates on the nature and significance of Machismo, debunking the commonly held notion that the word describes a primordial Iberian and Ibero-American phenomenon. I trace the emergence of Machismo as an English-language term, arguing that a tradition of unself-consciously ethnocentric scholarship in the 1940s and 1950s enabled the word’s entrance, by the 1960s, into popular sources. In fact, Machismo was rather a neologism in Spanish, but midcentury US scholarship presumed the category’s empirical validity and applied to it to perceived problems in the “Latin” world. Much of Machismo’s linguistic purchase—the reason it has become a global shorthand for hypermasculinity—stemmed from mid to late twentieth-century anxieties about hemispheric security, the Cold War, immigration, and overpopulation, particularly vis-a-vis the United States’ near neighbors, Mexico and Puerto Rico. I have sought out the word’s earliest appearances in various English-language media (books, scholarly articles, newspapers, magazines, and television) and explained how it has long escaped scrutiny as a construct in and of itself. As a result, Machismo has resisted the most earnest and well-intentioned of challenges to its scholarly primacy and remains a pathologizing point of departure in approaches to Latin American gender systems.
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how Machismo got its spurs in english social science cold war imperialism and the ethnicization of hypermasculinity
Latin American Research Review, 2017Co-Authors: Benjamin A. CowanAbstract:This article seeks to shift the framework of decades-long debates on the nature and significance of Machismo, debunking the commonly held notion that the word describes a primordial Iberian and Ibero-American phenomenon. I trace the emergence of Machismo as an English-language term, arguing that a tradition of unself-consciously ethnocentric scholarship in the 1940s and 1950s enabled the word’s entrance, by the 1960s, into popular sources. In fact, Machismo was rather a neologism in Spanish, but midcentury US scholarship presumed the category’s empirical validity and applied to it to perceived problems in the “Latin” world. Much of Machismo’s linguistic purchase—the reason it has become a global shorthand for hypermasculinity—stemmed from mid to late twentieth-century anxieties about hemispheric security, the Cold War, immigration, and overpopulation, particularly vis-a-vis the United States’ near neighbors, Mexico and Puerto Rico. I have sought out the word’s earliest appearances in various English-language media (books, scholarly articles, newspapers, magazines, and television) and explained how it has long escaped scrutiny as a construct in and of itself. As a result, Machismo has resisted the most earnest and well-intentioned of challenges to its scholarly primacy and remains a pathologizing point of departure in approaches to Latin American gender systems.
Antonio L. Estrada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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"Machismo," DRUGS AND STREET SURVIVAL IN A US-MEXICO BORDER COMMUNITY
Free inquiry in creative sociology, 1998Co-Authors: Gilbert Quintero, Antonio L. EstradaAbstract:This article examines how many of the behavioral norms. values, and attitudes encapsulated in the cultural ideal of "Machismo" are expressed through the interrelated activities of drug use and aggression among male Mexican heroin addicts ("tecatos") in a US-Mexico border community. Ideals of excess. risk. and outstripping others frame the onset and tra1ectory of drug use careers. The aggressive aspects of "Machismo" provide the "tecato"with an effective means of adapting to a social life-world fraught with a variety of personal risks. Through enacting and re-creating the ideal of "Machismo" in his day-to-day interactions the "tecato" gains social status as well as a means of self-defense and a strategy for drug use management. While recognizing the practical value of these attitudes many"tecatos" are also aware of their costs. In the context of life in the streets, aggression, along with excessive drug use, are emphasized to the exclusion of other more positive male attributes in Mexican society, including personal control and familial responsibility. On an ideal level such positive aspects of male gender expressions are recognized and culturally available but on a practical level they are rarely practiced. It is suggested that structural factors may mitigate against the expression of these more positive aspects of "Machismo."
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cultural models of masculinity and drug use Machismo heroin and street survival on the u s mexico border
Contemporary drug problems, 1998Co-Authors: Gilbert Quintero, Antonio L. EstradaAbstract:This paper examines the interrelations between “Machismo,” drug use, and aggression among injection drug users (IDUs) in a US-Mexico border community. Underscored is the directive force and social impact of “Machismo” in the day-to-day life-worlds of Mexican male heroin addicts, or “tecatos.” This focus not only provides a broad description of the cultural model of “Machismo” elucidated by this group of men, but also illuminates how ideas of masculinity are internalized and re-created through drug use and aggression in the context of life in the streets. Attention to these aspects of drug use invites consideration of several important issues, including the role structural factors play in the expression of masculinity as well as the social forces underpinning representations of Mexican men.
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Cultural models of masculinity and drug use: “Machismo,” heroin, and street survival on the U.S.-Mexico border
Contemporary Drug Problems, 1998Co-Authors: Gilbert A. Quintero, Antonio L. EstradaAbstract:This paper examines the interrelations between "Machismo," drug use, and aggression among injection drug users (IDUs) in a US-Mexico border community. Underscored is the directive force and social impact of "Machismo" in the day-to-day life-worlds of Mexican male heroin addicts. or "tecatos." This focus not only provides a broad description ofthe cultural model of "Machismo" elucidated by this group ofmen, but also illuminates how ideas of masculinity are internalized and re-created through drug use and aggression in the context oflife in the streets. Attention to these aspects ofdrug use invites consideration of several important issues, including the role structural factors play in the expression ofmasculinity as well as the social forces underpinning representations of Mexican men.
Lizette Ojeda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Machismo marianismo and negative cognitive emotional factors findings from the hispanic community health study study of latinos sociocultural ancillary study
Journal of Latina o Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Alicia Nunez, Sonia M Davis, William Arguelles, Veronica Y Womack, Natania W Ostrovsky, Gregory A Talavera, Lisa Sanchezjohnsen, Patricia González, Scott C. Roesch, Lizette OjedaAbstract:: There is limited research on the traditional Hispanic male and female gender roles of Machismo and marianismo, respectively, in relation to negative cognitions and emotions. Given the vulnerability of Hispanics to negative cognitions and emotions, it is important to examine sociocultural correlates of emotional distress. Therefore, we examined associations of Machismo and marianismo with negative cognitive-emotional factors (i.e., depression symptoms; cynical hostility; and trait anxiety and anger) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study, a cross-sectional cohort study of sociocultural and psychosocial correlates of cardiometabolic health. Participants were aged 18-74 years and self-identified as Hispanic of Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South American, and other Hispanic background (N = 4,426). Results revealed that specific components of Machismo (traditional Machismo) and marianismo (family and spiritual pillar dimensions) were associated with higher levels of negative cognitions and emotions after adjusting for socio-demographic factors (p < .05); these associations remained consistent across sex, Hispanic background group, and acculturation. Findings can inform mental health interventions and contribute to our understanding of the importance of gender role socialization in the context of self-reported negative cognitive-emotional factors in Hispanics.
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Machismo, marianismo, and negative cognitive-emotional factors: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study.
Journal of Latina o Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Alicia Nunez, Sonia M Davis, William Arguelles, Veronica Y Womack, Natania W Ostrovsky, Gregory A Talavera, Patricia González, Scott C. Roesch, Lisa Sanchez-johnsen, Lizette OjedaAbstract:There is limited research on the traditional Hispanic male and female gender roles of Machismo and marianismo, respectively, in relation to negative cognitions and emotions. Given the vulnerability of Hispanics to negative cognitions and emotions, it is important to examine sociocultural correlates of emotional distress. Therefore, we examined associations of Machismo and marianismo with negative cognitive-emotional factors (i.e., depression symptoms; cynical hostility; and trait anxiety and anger) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study, a cross-sectional cohort study of sociocultural and psychosocial correlates of cardiometabolic health. Participants were aged 18-74 years and self-identified as Hispanic of Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South American, and other Hispanic background (N = 4,426). Results revealed that specific components of Machismo (traditional Machismo) and marianismo (family and spiritual pillar dimensions) were associated with higher levels of negative cognitions and emotions after adjusting for socio-demographic factors (p < .05); these associations remained consistent across sex, Hispanic background group, and acculturation. Findings can inform mental health interventions and contribute to our understanding of the importance of gender role socialization in the context of self-reported negative cognitive-emotional factors in Hispanics.
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Caballerismo May Protect Against the Role of Machismo on Mexican Day Laborers' Self-Esteem
Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 2014Co-Authors: Lizette Ojeda, Brandy Piña-watsonAbstract:The current study examined the role of sociodemographic factors of income, education level, and immigration status, as well as bilinear Latino masculinity (i.e., Machismo and caballerismo) on selfesteem among 70 Mexican day laborers. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed in the final model that immigration status was a significant negative predictor of self-esteem, whereas caballerismo was significantly positively related to self-esteem. An interaction effect between Machismo and caballerismo suggested that caballerismo served as a protective factor against the role of Machismo on self-esteem. In addition, findings suggested men who scored low or high on both Machismo and caballerismo scored higher on self-esteem than men who scored high or low on one but not the other. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Gilbert A. Quintero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cultural models of masculinity and drug use: “Machismo,” heroin, and street survival on the U.S.-Mexico border
Contemporary Drug Problems, 1998Co-Authors: Gilbert A. Quintero, Antonio L. EstradaAbstract:This paper examines the interrelations between "Machismo," drug use, and aggression among injection drug users (IDUs) in a US-Mexico border community. Underscored is the directive force and social impact of "Machismo" in the day-to-day life-worlds of Mexican male heroin addicts. or "tecatos." This focus not only provides a broad description ofthe cultural model of "Machismo" elucidated by this group ofmen, but also illuminates how ideas of masculinity are internalized and re-created through drug use and aggression in the context oflife in the streets. Attention to these aspects ofdrug use invites consideration of several important issues, including the role structural factors play in the expression ofmasculinity as well as the social forces underpinning representations of Mexican men.
Cristina Pereira Vieira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of social support in Machismo and acceptance of violence among adolescents in europe lights4violence baseline results
Journal of Adolescent Health, 2020Co-Authors: Vanesa Perezmartinez, Belen Sanzbarbero, Rosario Ferrercascales, Nicola Bowes, Alba Ayala, Miriam Sanchezsansegundo, Natalia Albaladejoblazquez, Nicoletta Rosati, Sofia Neves, Cristina Pereira VieiraAbstract:PURPOSE To analyze the potential association between social support, experiences of violence, and sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents and the likelihood of acceptance of violence and Machismo in different European countries. METHODS Cross-sectional design. We recruited 1,555 participants ages 13-16 from secondary schools in Alicante (Spain), Rome (Italy), Iasi (Romania), Matosinhos (Portugal), Poznan (Poland), and Cardiff (UK). We used linear regression models to identify how social support from teachers and parents, experiences of violence-dating violence, bullying, cyberbullying, abuse in childhood-and sociodemographic characteristics were associated with violent thinking, specifically: Machismo and acceptance of violence. The analysis was stratified by sex. RESULTS Acceptance of violence was higher for those who had lower perceived social support from parents (βgirls = -154, p < .001; βboys = -.114, p = .019) for both sexes. Perpetration of bullying and/or cyberbullying was associated with higher scores for Machismo and acceptance of violence for both sexes (βgirls = .067, p = .035; βboys = .225, p < .001; (βgirls = .118, p < .001; βboys = .210, p < .001). Being the victim of dating violence, having suffered physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood, and lower perceived social support from teachers were associated with higher scores for both Machismo and acceptance of violence. These associations differed between girls and boys. CONCLUSIONS Machismo and acceptance of violence are widely present amongst adolescents in different European countries. Our results suggest the importance of providing educational/psycho-educational interventions with boys and girls to prevent these attitudes and, in turn, prevent interpersonal violence, including bullying and dating violence.
