The Experts below are selected from a list of 6220002 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jamie L. Goldenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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open to death a moderating role of openness to experience in terror management
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Patrick Boyd, Kasey Lynn Morris, Jamie L. GoldenbergAbstract:Abstract Research on terror management theory demonstrates that people respond to reminders of mortality with defenses aimed at maintaining their self-esteem and defending cultural worldviews. We posited that being open to experience should allow individuals to process death more receptively (i.e., with curiosity), attenuating the need to bolster self-esteem or defend worldviews, because death is a novel experience. Across three studies, dispositional openness moderated reactions to mortality salience. Individuals low in openness to experience responded to mortality salience with increased self-esteem striving (Study 1) and worldview defense (Study 2), and this functioned to decrease the subsequent availability of death-related thought (Study 2). Individuals high in openness to experience did not exhibit these same defense tendencies. Study 3 examined a possible mechanism for the attenuated effects observed among high openness individuals: increased curiosity in response to mortality salience was found to decrease worldview defense, but only for those high in openness. Together this research depicts openness as a resource facilitating reduced defensiveness following mortality salience.
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attachment self esteem worldviews and terror management evidence for a tripartite security system
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: Joshua Hart, Phillip R Shaver, Jamie L. GoldenbergAbstract:On the basis of prior work integrating attachment theory and terror management theory, the authors propose a model of a tripartite security system consisting of dynamically interrelated attachment, self-esteem, and worldview processes. Four studies are presented that, combined with existing evidence, support the prediction derived from the model that threats to one component of the security system result in compensatory defensive activation of other components. Further, the authors predicted and found that individual differences in attachment style moderate the defenses. In Studies 1 and 2, attachment threats motivated worldview defense among anxiously attached participants and motivated self-enhancement (especially among avoidant participants), effects similar to those caused by mortality salience. In Studies 3 and 4, a worldview threat and a self-esteem threat caused attachment-related proximity seeking among fearful participants and avoidance of proximity among dismissing participants. The authors' model provides an overarching framework within which to study attachment, self-esteem, and worldviews.
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a time to tan proximal and distal effects of mortality salience on sun exposure intentions
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004Co-Authors: Clay Routledge, Jamie Arndt, Jamie L. GoldenbergAbstract:According to the dual defense model of terror management, proximal defenses are engaged to reduce the conscious impact of mortality salience, whereas thoughts of death outside of conscious awareness motivate distal defenses aimed at maintaining self-esteem. Two experiments examined these ideas by assessing women’s intentions to engage in tanning-related behavior. In Study 1, when concerns about death (relative to dental pain) were in focal attention, participants increased intentions to protect themselves from dangerous sun exposure. In contrast, when thoughts about death were outside of focal attention, participants decreased interest in sun protection. In Study 2, participants primed to associate tanned skin with an attractive appearance responded to mortality concerns outside of focal attention with increased interest in tanning products and services. These findings are discussed in relation to the dual-defense model of terror management, societal determinants of self-esteem, and implications for healt...
Roy F Baumeister - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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terror management theory and self esteem revisited the roles of implicit and explicit self esteem in mortality salience effects
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Brandon J Schmeichel, Matthew T Gailliot, Emilyana Filardo, Ian Mcgregor, Seth A Gitter, Roy F BaumeisterAbstract:Three studies tested the roles of implicit and/or explicit self-esteem in reactions to mortality salience. In Study 1, writing about death versus a control topic increased worldview defense among participants low in implicit self-esteem but not among those high in implicit self-esteem. In Study 2, a manipulation to boost implicit self-esteem reduced the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. In Study 3, mortality salience increased the endorsement of positive personality descriptions but only among participants with the combination of low implicit and high explicit self-esteem. These findings indicate that high implicit self-esteem confers resilience against the psychological threat of death, and therefore the findings provide direct support for a fundamental tenet of terror management theory regarding the anxiety-buffering role of self-esteem.
Michael W Reisman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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will a policy of preemptive self defense make us all safer
Social Science Research Network, 2018Co-Authors: Michael W ReismanAbstract:Under the stress of technological changes in weaponry, the prohibition on unilateral resort to the use of force in the United Nations Charter has come under pressure for change. “Armed attack” as the justification for exercising a right of Self-Defense as the exclusive justification for the right of Self-Defense has yielded to “anticipatory Self-Defense” and is now further challenged by the claim of so-called “preemptive Self-Defense”. The tension with North Korea raises the question of whether allowing preemptive Self-Defense can actually contribute to international security by restraining the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The lecture analyzes the differences between Self-Defense, anticipatory Self-Defense and preemptive Self-Defense, some of the claims made by the United States in this regard and whether these developments promise greater security or undermine it.
Brandon J Schmeichel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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terror management theory and self esteem revisited the roles of implicit and explicit self esteem in mortality salience effects
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Brandon J Schmeichel, Matthew T Gailliot, Emilyana Filardo, Ian Mcgregor, Seth A Gitter, Roy F BaumeisterAbstract:Three studies tested the roles of implicit and/or explicit self-esteem in reactions to mortality salience. In Study 1, writing about death versus a control topic increased worldview defense among participants low in implicit self-esteem but not among those high in implicit self-esteem. In Study 2, a manipulation to boost implicit self-esteem reduced the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. In Study 3, mortality salience increased the endorsement of positive personality descriptions but only among participants with the combination of low implicit and high explicit self-esteem. These findings indicate that high implicit self-esteem confers resilience against the psychological threat of death, and therefore the findings provide direct support for a fundamental tenet of terror management theory regarding the anxiety-buffering role of self-esteem.
Alan E Brownstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the constitutionalization of self defense in tort and criminal law grammatically correct originalism and other second amendment musings
2009Co-Authors: Alan E BrownsteinAbstract:This article considers several issues raised by the Supreme Court's opinion in District of Columbia v. Heller. One question is whether Heller requires the constitutionalization of Self-Defense decisions in tort and criminal law. If the Second Amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms for immediate Self-Defense purposes, as Heller holds, it arguably also protects the right to use firearms for self defense purposes. Put simply, does it make sense to interpret the Second Amendment to protect to the means to exercise Self-Defense without extending some level of protection to the act of Self-Defense itself?Answering this question in the affirmative leads to other issues. The privilege or excuse of Self-Defense is grounded on an ad hoc evaluation by juries of the reasonableness of the defendant's conduct. That analysis may be appropriate for tort or criminal law purposes, but it is arguably much more problematic as a constitutional standard. There is also the question of whether a constitutionally required determination as to the reasonableness of defendant's conduct must be independently reviewed by appellate courts.Heller may influence tort law in another way. Gun owners are often held liable for negligence if they store a firearm in a location where a child gains access to it and injures themselves or others with the weapon. The same safeguards that prevent a child from obtaining a firearm, however, such as storing it in a locked drawer, may make the weapon less available for immediate Self-Defense. Thus, state courts may need constitutional guidance as to how these negligence lawsuits should be resolved in order to avoid the substantial burdening of a gun owner's Second Amendment rights.The article addresses other issues as well, such as the role of so-called prefatory clauses in developing doctrine for the protection of enumerated rights.
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the constitutionalization of self defense in tort and criminal law grammatically correct originalism and other second amendment musings
Hastings Law Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Alan E BrownsteinAbstract:The Supreme Court's opinion in Heller raises numerous questions. One of these is whether Heller requires the constitutionalization of Self-Defense decisions in tort and criminal law. Put simply, if the Second Amendment protects an individual's right "to keep and bear" the means to exercise Self-Defense, as Heller holds, can the Court avoid extending some level of constitutional protection to the act of Self-Defense itself? Answering this question in the affirmative leads to other issues. The justification of Self-Defense is grounded on an ad hoc evaluation of the reasonableness of the defendant's conduct. That analysis may be appropriate for tort or criminal law purposes, but it is arguably much more problematic as a constitutional standard. Heller may influence tort law in other ways. Gun owners may be held to be negligent if they store a firearm in a location where a child gains access to it and injures himself or others with the weapon. However, many of the same safeguards that prevent a child from obtaining a firearm may make the weapon less available for immediate Self-Defense. Thus, state courts may need constitutional guidance as to how negligence lawsuits should be resolved in order to avoid the substantial burdening of a gun owner's Second Amendment rights through civil liability. This Article also critically examines the Heller majority's use of an originalist methodology to support its conclusions, and its failure to adequately address core questions regarding the development of Second Amendment doctrine.
