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Marjorie D Matocq - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hybridization and asymmetric introgression across a narrow zone of contact between Neotoma fuscipes and N. Macrotis (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015Co-Authors: Brandi S. Coyner, Peter J. Murphy, Marjorie D MatocqAbstract:When lineages diverge in allopatry and come into secondary contact, we have a unique opportunity to examine the degree to which they have become reproductively isolated from one another and the mechanisms that contribute to rates of interspecific gene flow. If hybridization and introgression have occurred in the past or are ongoing, examining patterns of variation in differentially inherited genetic markers can provide insight into underlying mechanisms determining interspecific reproductive interactions. We investigated genetic variation in a recently discovered contact zone between two species of woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes and N. Macrotis) in central coastal California. Previous studies have found evidence of historic hybridization between these species, but an active site of sympatry had yet to be discovered. Here, we describe the first known area of sympatry between the two species and present evidence of ongoing hybridization at this site. We intensively sampled throughout the narrow area of interspecific contact and continuously into the adjacent areas where each taxon existed largely in isolation of the other. We genotyped 851 individuals sampled in a single year at 15 nuclear microsatellite loci and sequenced a portion of the cytochrome b gene in a subset of these to examine patterns of introgression. We find that the area of sympatry is less than 1 km in length, but hybridization appeared to be fairly common, with 15% of the woodrats being of hybrid origin. At least some hybrids are fertile because introgression was evident. However, introgression appeared to be asymmetric with backcrosses toward N. Macrotis being more common, a pattern we suspect is due in part to directional mate choice related to differential body size. This study adds to our growing understanding of the nature of species boundaries, especially between lineages that are far along the continuum towards speciation. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 115, 162–172.
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philopatry kin clusters and genetic relatedness in a population of woodrats neotoma Macrotis
Behavioral Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Marjorie D Matocq, Eileen A LaceyAbstract:Studies of highly kin-structured mammal societies have revealed the importance of natal philopatry in determining the distribution of genetic variation within populations. In comparison, the relationship between philopatry and genetic diversity within populations of moderately kin-structured societies has received relatively little attention. Previous studies of Neotoma Macrotis have suggested that females form distinct kin clusters. Each kin cluster overlaps spatially with the home range(s) of one or more males that are not related to each other or to the females with which they are spatially associated. To examine interactions between philopatry and genetic structure in this apparently moderately kin-structured species, we characterized spatial and genetic relationships among individually marked females in a population of N. Macrotis from central coastal California. Our field studies revealed that, contrary to expectation, females in this population were not strongly philopatric and spatially clustered females were not characterized by high levels of genetic relatedness. Nevertheless, genetic structure was evident within the study population; spatial and genetic distances among females were significantly correlated, suggesting that dispersal patterns influenced genetic structure even in the absence of marked female philopatry. Because females with overlapping spatial distributions were not typically closely related to one another, opportunities for the evolution of kin-selected social behavior (e.g., cooperative care of young) appear to be limited in this population. Key words: Neotoma Macrotis, Neotoma fuscipes, relatedness, female kin clusters, natal philopatry. [Behav Ecol 15:647–653 (2004)]
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Philopatry, kin clusters, and genetic relatedness in a population of woodrats (Neotoma Macrotis)
Behavioral Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Marjorie D Matocq, Eileen A LaceyAbstract:Studies of highly kin-structured mammal societies have revealed the importance of natal philopatry in determining the distribution of genetic variation within populations. In comparison, the relationship between philopatry and genetic diversity within populations of moderately kin-structured societies has received relatively little attention. Previous studies of Neotoma Macrotis have suggested that females form distinct kin clusters. Each kin cluster overlaps spatially with the home range(s) of one or more males that are not related to each other or to the females with which they are spatially associated. To examine interactions between philopatry and genetic structure in this apparently moderately kin-structured species, we characterized spatial and genetic relationships among individually marked females in a population of N. Macrotis from central coastal California. Our field studies revealed that, contrary to expectation, females in this population were not strongly philopatric and spatially clustered females were not characterized by high levels of genetic relatedness. Nevertheless, genetic structure was evident within the study population; spatial and genetic distances among females were significantly correlated, suggesting that dispersal patterns influenced genetic structure even in the absence of marked female philopatry. Because females with overlapping spatial distributions were not typically closely related to one another, opportunities for the evolution of kin-selected social behavior (e.g., cooperative care of young) appear to be limited in this population. Copyright 2004.
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Reproductive success and effective population size in woodrats (Neotoma Macrotis)
Molecular ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Marjorie D MatocqAbstract:Discrepancies between the census size and the genetically effective size of populations (N(e)) can be caused by a number of behavioural and demographic factors operating within populations. Specifically, strong skew in male reproductive success, as would be expected in a polygynous mating system, could cause a substantial decrease in N(e) relative to census size. Because the mating system of Neotoma Macrotis had previously been described as one nearing harem polygyny, I examined the distribution of reproductive success and genetic variation within a population of this species. Combining genetic data and three years of field observations, I show that variance in reproductive success does not deviate from poisson expectations within either sex and variance in success is similar between the sexes. Furthermore, both males and females had multiple partners across litters in addition to some evidence of multiple paternity within litters. Despite a lack of strong skew in reproductive success, an estimate of N(e) based on a number of demographic parameters suggests that the ratio of N(e)/N in this population is 0.48. Although the ratio of N(e)/N suggests that the population is experiencing higher rates of genetic drift than would be expected based on census size alone, the population maintains high levels of genetic diversity. Estimates of neighbourhood size and patterns of recruitment to the study site suggest that immigration plays an important role in this population and may contribute to the maintenance of high levels of genetic diversity.
Gary W. Roemer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Appendix E. Model selection results from single-species single-season occupancy models used to identify covariates that influence the probability of occupancy (ψ) for both coyotes (Canis latrans) and kit foxes (Vulpes Macrotis) along with the model-a
2016Co-Authors: Quinn H. Robinson, David Bustos, Gary W. RoemerAbstract:Model selection results from single-species single-season occupancy models used to identify covariates that influence the probability of occupancy (ψ) for both coyotes (Canis latrans) and kit foxes (Vulpes Macrotis) along with the model-averaged beta coefficients of the covariates
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Appendix D. Model selection results from single-species single-season occupancy models used to identify covariates that influence the probability of detection (p) for both coyotes (Canis latrans) and kit foxes (Vulpes Macrotis) along with the model-a
2016Co-Authors: Quinn H. Robinson, David Bustos, Gary W. RoemerAbstract:Model selection results from single-species single-season occupancy models used to identify covariates that influence the probability of detection (p) for both coyotes (Canis latrans) and kit foxes (Vulpes Macrotis) along with the model-averaged beta coefficients of the covariates
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Appendix B. The factors and environmental covariates hypothesized to influence the probability of detection and occupancy for both coyotes (Canis latrans) and kit foxes (Vulpes Macrotis) in White Sands National Monument, New Mexico, USA, and the samp
2016Co-Authors: Quinn H. Robinson, David Bustos, Gary W. RoemerAbstract:The factors and environmental covariates hypothesized to influence the probability of detection and occupancy for both coyotes (Canis latrans) and kit foxes (Vulpes Macrotis) in White Sands National Monument, New Mexico, USA, and the sampling methods and analytical approaches used to estimate them
Salerno, Patricia E. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Figure 13 from: Ron SR, Venegas1 PJ, Ortega-Andrade HM, Gagliardi-Urrutia G, Salerno P (2016) Systematics of Ecnomiohyla tuberculosa with the description of a new species and comments on the taxonomy of Trachycephalus typhonius (Anura, Hylidae). ZooK
2016Co-Authors: Ron, Santiago R., Venegas, Pablo J., Ortega-andrade H. Mauricio, Gagliardi-urrutia Giussepe, Salerno, Patricia E.Abstract:Figure 13 - Holotype of Hyla Macrotis Anderson 1945, NHRM 1958. A lateral view of the head B ventral view C dorsal view. The holotype is an adult female, SVL = 120 mm (Anderson 1945). Photographs by Bo Delling
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Figure 12 from: Ron SR, Venegas1 PJ, Ortega-Andrade HM, Gagliardi-Urrutia G, Salerno P (2016) Systematics of Ecnomiohyla tuberculosa with the description of a new species and comments on the taxonomy of Trachycephalus typhonius (Anura, Hylidae). ZooK
2016Co-Authors: Ron, Santiago R., Venegas, Pablo J., Ortega-andrade H. Mauricio, Gagliardi-urrutia Giussepe, Salerno, Patricia E.Abstract:Figure 12 - External morphology of Trachycephalus Macrotis comb. n. A–B QCAZ 39565, adult female, SVL = 101.1 mm, Reserva Zanjarajuno, Ecuador C calling male, Reserva Zanjarajuno, Ecuador D amplectant pair, QCAZ 39565, adult female (SVL = 101.12) and QCAZ 39566, adult male (SVL = 81.38), Reserva Zanjarajuno, Ecuador E CORBIDI 9544, adult male, (SVL = 82.9), Peru F QCAZ 43017, adult male, SVL = 91.5 mm, Parque Nacional Yasuní, km 22 Pompeya-Iro road, Ecuador. Photographs by S. R. Ron except for (E) by A. Catenazzi
Eileen A Lacey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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philopatry kin clusters and genetic relatedness in a population of woodrats neotoma Macrotis
Behavioral Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Marjorie D Matocq, Eileen A LaceyAbstract:Studies of highly kin-structured mammal societies have revealed the importance of natal philopatry in determining the distribution of genetic variation within populations. In comparison, the relationship between philopatry and genetic diversity within populations of moderately kin-structured societies has received relatively little attention. Previous studies of Neotoma Macrotis have suggested that females form distinct kin clusters. Each kin cluster overlaps spatially with the home range(s) of one or more males that are not related to each other or to the females with which they are spatially associated. To examine interactions between philopatry and genetic structure in this apparently moderately kin-structured species, we characterized spatial and genetic relationships among individually marked females in a population of N. Macrotis from central coastal California. Our field studies revealed that, contrary to expectation, females in this population were not strongly philopatric and spatially clustered females were not characterized by high levels of genetic relatedness. Nevertheless, genetic structure was evident within the study population; spatial and genetic distances among females were significantly correlated, suggesting that dispersal patterns influenced genetic structure even in the absence of marked female philopatry. Because females with overlapping spatial distributions were not typically closely related to one another, opportunities for the evolution of kin-selected social behavior (e.g., cooperative care of young) appear to be limited in this population. Key words: Neotoma Macrotis, Neotoma fuscipes, relatedness, female kin clusters, natal philopatry. [Behav Ecol 15:647–653 (2004)]
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Philopatry, kin clusters, and genetic relatedness in a population of woodrats (Neotoma Macrotis)
Behavioral Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Marjorie D Matocq, Eileen A LaceyAbstract:Studies of highly kin-structured mammal societies have revealed the importance of natal philopatry in determining the distribution of genetic variation within populations. In comparison, the relationship between philopatry and genetic diversity within populations of moderately kin-structured societies has received relatively little attention. Previous studies of Neotoma Macrotis have suggested that females form distinct kin clusters. Each kin cluster overlaps spatially with the home range(s) of one or more males that are not related to each other or to the females with which they are spatially associated. To examine interactions between philopatry and genetic structure in this apparently moderately kin-structured species, we characterized spatial and genetic relationships among individually marked females in a population of N. Macrotis from central coastal California. Our field studies revealed that, contrary to expectation, females in this population were not strongly philopatric and spatially clustered females were not characterized by high levels of genetic relatedness. Nevertheless, genetic structure was evident within the study population; spatial and genetic distances among females were significantly correlated, suggesting that dispersal patterns influenced genetic structure even in the absence of marked female philopatry. Because females with overlapping spatial distributions were not typically closely related to one another, opportunities for the evolution of kin-selected social behavior (e.g., cooperative care of young) appear to be limited in this population. Copyright 2004.
M. Denise Dearing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An oak (Quercus agrifolia) specialist (Neotoma Macrotis) and a sympatric generalist (Neotoma lepida) show similar intakes and digestibilities of oak.
Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ, 2008Co-Authors: Michele M. Skopec, Shannon Haley, Ann-marie Torregrossa, M. Denise DearingAbstract:Abstract Dietary specialization is thought to be rare in mammalian herbivores as a result of either a limitation in their detoxification system to metabolize higher doses of plant secondary compounds or deficiencies in nutrients present in a diet composed of a single species of plant. Neotoma Macrotis is an oak specialist, whereas Neotoma lepida is a dietary generalist when sympatric with N. Macrotis. We hypothesized that N. Macrotis would have a higher tolerance for and digestibility of oak. We determined the two species' tolerances for oak by feeding them increasing concentrations of ground oak leaves until they could no longer maintain body mass. The highest concentration on which both species maintained body mass was 75% oak. There were no differences between the species in their abilities to digest dry matter, nitrogen, or fiber in the oak diets. The species' similar tolerances for oak were probably due to their similar abilities to digest and potentially assimilate the ground oak leaves.
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Xenobiotic metabolism of plant secondary compounds in oak (Quercus agrifolia) by specialist and generalist woodrat herbivores, genus Neotoma.
Journal of chemical ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Shannon Haley, John G. Lamb, Michael R. Franklin, Jonathan E. Constance, M. Denise DearingAbstract:The challenge of consuming plant compounds that are recognized to have toxic physiological effects is an unavoidable consequence of an herbivorous diet and requires mechanisms to metabolize and eliminate them after consumption. We took a pharmacological approach to understanding how an oak (Quercus agrifolia) specialist (Neotoma Macrotis) and generalist (N. lepida) herbivores process the same dietary toxins. Oak contains polyphenolic compounds considered toxic to most other mammals. N. Macrotis includes up to 85% of oak in their diet. N. lepida includes oak as a portion of the diet but is considered a generalist in areas where sympatric with N. Macrotis. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities of N. Macrotis and N. lepida were investigated after animals were fed a 70% oak diet and a toxin-free control diet. Biotransformation activities of five major enzymes [cytochrome P450s (CYP), NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase (QOR), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), sulfotransferase (SULT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and three specific CYP isozymes (CYP1A, CYP2B, and CYP3A) were investigated. The results indicate that, with the exception of CYP2B induction, N. Macrotis and N. lepida enzyme activities are not changed by an oak diet. The major differences in enzyme activities were constitutive. The specialist, N. Macrotis, had higher constitutive activity of QOR, UGT, and GST. The generalist, N. lepida, had higher constitutive activity levels of CYP1A and SULT.
