The Experts below are selected from a list of 996 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Simon I Hay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the epidemiology of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum malaria in china 2004 2012 from intensified control to elimination
Malaria Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Q Zhang, Archie C A Clements, Canjun Zheng, Honglong Zhang, Sheng Zhou, Xiaonong Zhou, Weizhong Yang, Shengjie Lai, Simon I HayAbstract:In China, the national malaria elimination programme has been operating since 2010. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological changes in patterns of malaria in China from intensified control to elimination stages. Data on nationwide malaria cases from 2004 to 2012 were extracted from the Chinese national malaria surveillance system. The secular trend, gender and age features, seasonality, and spatial distribution by Plasmodium species were analysed. In total, 238,443 malaria cases were reported, and the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum increased drastically from <10% before 2010 to 55.2% in 2012. From 2004 to 2006, malaria showed a significantly increasing trend and with the highest incidence peak in 2006 (4.6/100,000), while from 2007 onwards, malaria decreased sharply to only 0.18/100,000 in 2012. Males and young age groups became the predominantly affected population. The areas affected by Plasmodium vivax malaria shrunk, while areas affected by P. falciparum malaria expanded from 294 counties in 2004 to 600 counties in 2012. This study demonstrated that malaria has decreased dramatically in the last five years, especially since the Chinese government launched a malaria elimination programme in 2010, and areas with reported falciparum malaria cases have expanded over recent years. These findings suggest that elimination efforts should be improved to meet these changes, so as to achieve the nationwide malaria elimination goal in China in 2020.
Komal Raj Rijal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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epidemiology of plasmodium vivax malaria infection in nepal
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2018Co-Authors: Komal Raj Rijal, Bipin Adhikari, Prakash Ghimire, Megha Raj Banjara, Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn, Mallika Imwong, Kesinee Chotivanich, Kedar Prasad CeinturyAbstract:Malaria is endemic in the southern plain of Nepal which shares a porous border with India. More than 80% cases of malaria in Nepal are caused by Plasmodium vivax. The main objective of this study was to review the epidemiology of P. vivax malaria infections as recorded by the national malaria control program of Nepal between 1963 and 2016. National malaria data were retrieved from the National Malaria program in the Ministry of Health, Government of Nepal. The epidemiological trends and malariometric indicators were analyzed. Vivax malaria has predominated over falciparum malaria in the past 53 years, with P. vivax malaria comprising 70-95% of the annual malaria infections. In 1985, a malaria epidemic occurred with 42,321 cases (82% P. vivax and 17% Plasmodium falciparum). Nepal had experienced further outbreaks of malaria in 1991 and 2002. Plasmodium falciparum cases increased from 2005 to 2010 but since then declined. Analyzing the overall trend between 2002 (12,786 cases) until 2016 (1,009 cases) shows a case reduction by 92%. The proportion of imported malaria cases has increased from 18% of cases in 2001 to 50% in 2016. The current trends of malariometric indices indicate that Nepal is making a significant progress toward achieving the goal of malaria elimination by 2025. Most of the cases are caused by P. vivax with imported malaria comprising an increasing proportion of cases. The malaria control program in Nepal needs to counter importation of malaria at high risk areas with collaborative cross border malaria control activities.
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epidemiology of plasmodium vivax malaria infection in nepal
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2018Co-Authors: Komal Raj Rijal, Bipin Adhikari, Prakash Ghimire, Megha Raj Banjara, Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn, Mallika Imwong, Kesinee Chotivanich, Kedar Prasad CeinturyAbstract:Globally, an estimated 216 million cases of malaria were reported in 2016.1 Among them, 90% cases were in sub-Saharan Africa, 7% were in Asia, and 2% were reported from the Mediterranean region. In Southeast Asia, there has been a significant reduction (48% from 2010 compared with 2016) in malaria incidence.1 However, there could be discrepancies between national/subnational data and the World Malaria Report data, and so, adequate reporting of national data is critical. A total of 1,009 confirmed malaria cases were reported in 2016 in Nepal. Microstratification of malaria risk in Nepal, in 2013, has categorized malaria risks into high, moderate, low, and no risk village development committees (VDCs)/municipalities. A total of 255 VDCs/municipalities are at risk of malaria (Supplemental Figure 1). Based on this microstratification, 47.9% of the total population live in the malaria-endemic region. Within the endemic region, 3.6% were from the high, 9.8% from moderate, and 34.5% from low malaria risk VDCs.2 Nepal’s National Health Program has identified malaria as a priority public health problem and is currently in the control/pre-elimination phase aiming to achieve elimination in 2025.3 With the availability of resources from the Global Fund to fight against AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, malaria control and elimination efforts have been strengthened since 2004.4 In 2004, Nepal switched from sulpfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) as first-line treatment of falciparum malaria to artemisinin-based combined therapies (ACTs) (artemether–lumefantrine) first in 13 high-risk districts and then in 2009, becoming the standard treatment regimen throughout the country. Chloroquine and primaquine have been the first-line treatment of vivax malaria since 2009. Current malaria elimination activities take a multipronged approach: deployment of trained microscopists, use of rapid malaria diagnostic tests, deployment of ACTs, distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), and the supply of Giemsa reagents for blood slide staining at the peripheral level health facilities where malaria is endemic.5,6 Nevertheless, there are several challenges for malaria control and elimination. Notably, the increasing overall importation of malaria from India.6 Together with importation, challenges associated with vivax malaria are the persistence of liver stages which give rise to relapse,7–11 the ability to survive at cooler temperatures,8,12,13 and the need for a diagnostic for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency to provide radical cure safely with primaquine.14,15 Following the malaria elimination goal (targeted by 2025) adopted by the government of Nepal in 2011, in line with the “Global Malaria Strategic Plan,” specific and concerted strategies targeting the last remaining cases should be implemented. Most malaria control and elimination strategies focused on Plasmodium falciparum in Nepal, owing to the mortality and morbidity associated with it.16,17 In recent years, government reports indicate that more than 80% of the malaria cases are due to Plasmodium vivax.6 We analyzed the national data spanning over last 50 years (1963–2016) focusing on P. vivax. The main objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological trends of malaria, specifically, focusing on P. vivax in the current context of malaria elimination in Nepal.
Qingfeng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lessons on malaria control in the ethnic minority regions in northern myanmar along the china border 2007 2014
Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 2016Co-Authors: Rubo Wang, Jiaqiang Dong, Yanghui Tian, Guangyun Zhang, Qingpu Li, Jiayin Li, Xiaoyu Xu, Qingfeng Zhang, Yao Zhang, Jun ZhangAbstract:Background For many countries where malaria is endemic, the burden of malaria is high in border regions. In ethnic minority areas along the Myanmar-China border, residents have poor access to medical care for diagnosis and treatment, and there have been many malaria outbreaks in such areas. Since 2007, with the support of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM), a malaria control project was introduced to reduce the malaria burden in several ethnic minority regions.
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malaria baseline survey in four special regions of northern myanmar near china a cross sectional study
Malaria Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Rubo Wang, Jun Zhang, Qingfeng ZhangAbstract:Background: Epidemiological data in the border area of the northern Myanmar near China are either of little accuracy or sparse of information, due to the poor public health system in these areas, and malaria cases may be severely underestimated. This study aimed to investigate malaria prevalence and health facilities for malaria services, and to provide the baseline information for malaria control in these areas. Methods: A cluster, randomized, cross-sectional survey was conducted in four special regions of northern Myanmar, near China: 5,585 people were selected for a malaria prevalence survey and 1,618 households were selected for a mosquito net-owning survey. Meanwhile, a total of 97 health facilities were surveyed on their malaria services. The data were analysed and descriptive statistics were used. Results: A total of 761 people were found positive through microscopy test, including 290 people for Plasmodium falciparum, 460 for Plasmodium vivax, two for Plasmodium malariae, and nine for mixed infection. The average prevalence of malaria infection was 13.6% (95% CI: 12.7-14.6%). There were significant differences of prevalence of malaria infection among the different regions (P < 0.01); 38.1% (95% CI: 28.3-48.0%) of health facilities had malaria microscope examination service, and 35.1% (95% CI: 25.4-44.7%) of these had malaria treatment services, 23.7% (95% CI: 15.1-32.3%) had malaria outreach services. 28.3% (95% CI: 26.1-30.6%) of households owned one or more long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (LLINs). Conclusion: The prevalence of malaria infection was high in the four special regions of northern Myanmar, near China. Malaria services in health facilities in these areas were weak. ITNs/LLINs owning rate was also low. The cross-border cooperation mechanism should be further strengthened to share the epidemical data about malaria, support technical assistance, and conduct joint malaria control or elimination activities.
Delenasaw Yewhalaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ten years malaria trend at arjo didessa sugar development site and its vicinity southwest ethiopia a retrospective study
Malaria Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Dawit Hawaria, Hallelujah Getachew, Guofa Zhong, Assalif Demissew, Kasahun Habitamu, Beka Raya, Delenasaw YewhalawAbstract:The trend analysis of malaria data from health facilities is useful for understanding dynamics of malaria epidemiology and inform for future malaria control planning. Changes in clinical malaria characteristics, like gender and age distribution are good indicators of declining malaria transmission. This study was conducted to determine the malaria trend at Arjo-Didessa sugar development site and its vicinity, southwest Ethiopia, from 2008 to 2017. Monthly malaria confirmed case data from 2008 to 2017 was extracted from 11 health facilities based on clinical registers at Arjo sugar development site and its vicinity, southwest Ethiopia. Both positivity rate and malaria incidence rate were calculated. Changes in malaria parasite species and seasonality were analysed; age structure and gender distribution were compared between different study periods. Trend in malaria incidence and climatic impact were analysed and past LLIN and IRS campaigns were used as dynamics modifier. Over a period of 10 years, 54,020 blood film were collected for malaria diagnosis in the health facilities at the area, of which 18,049 (33.4%) were confirmed malaria cases by both microscopically and RDT. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and mixed infection (P. falciparum and P. vivax) accounted for 8660 (48%), 7649 (42.4%), and 1740 (9.6%) of the malaria cases, respectively. The study also revealed that P. vivax was the predominant over P. falciparum for 4 years (2010, 2014, 2015 and 2016). There was a remarkable reduction of overall malaria infection during the 10 years. Malaria has been reported in all age groups, but age distribution showed that vast majority of cases were adults age 15 years and above 13,305 (73.7%). In all age groups, males were more significantly affected than females (χ2 = 133.0, df = 2, P < 0.0001). Moreover, malaria positivity rate showed a strong seasonality (χ2 = 777.55, df = 11, P < 0.0001). However, malaria cases were reported in all seasons across 10 years in the study area. In general, malaria positivity showed a declining trend over 10 years period in the area. However, current prevalence shows it is public health burden and needs attention for further intensification of interventions. In the study area, both P. falciparum and P. vivax co-exist and P. vivax is more prevalent than P. falciparum in almost half of the years. Therefore, malaria interventions should be strengthened in the study area.
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Ten years malaria trend at Arjo-Didessa sugar development site and its vicinity, Southwest Ethiopia: a retrospective study
BMC, 2019Co-Authors: Dawit Hawaria, Hallelujah Getachew, Guofa Zhong, Assalif Demissew, Kasahun Habitamu, Beka Raya, Ming-chieh Lee, Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Guiyun YanAbstract:Abstract Background The trend analysis of malaria data from health facilities is useful for understanding dynamics of malaria epidemiology and inform for future malaria control planning. Changes in clinical malaria characteristics, like gender and age distribution are good indicators of declining malaria transmission. This study was conducted to determine the malaria trend at Arjo-Didessa sugar development site and its vicinity, southwest Ethiopia, from 2008 to 2017. Methods Monthly malaria confirmed case data from 2008 to 2017 was extracted from 11 health facilities based on clinical registers at Arjo sugar development site and its vicinity, southwest Ethiopia. Both positivity rate and malaria incidence rate were calculated. Changes in malaria parasite species and seasonality were analysed; age structure and gender distribution were compared between different study periods. Trend in malaria incidence and climatic impact were analysed and past LLIN and IRS campaigns were used as dynamics modifier. Results Over a period of 10 years, 54,020 blood film were collected for malaria diagnosis in the health facilities at the area, of which 18,049 (33.4%) were confirmed malaria cases by both microscopically and RDT. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and mixed infection (P. falciparum and P. vivax) accounted for 8660 (48%), 7649 (42.4%), and 1740 (9.6%) of the malaria cases, respectively. The study also revealed that P. vivax was the predominant over P. falciparum for 4 years (2010, 2014, 2015 and 2016). There was a remarkable reduction of overall malaria infection during the 10 years. Malaria has been reported in all age groups, but age distribution showed that vast majority of cases were adults age 15 years and above 13,305 (73.7%). In all age groups, males were more significantly affected than females (χ2 = 133.0, df = 2, P
Archie C A Clements - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Malaria in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana from 2015 to 2019
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Elorm Donkor, Archie C A Clements, Matthew Kelly, Cecilia Eliason, Charles Amotoh, Darren J. Gray, Kinley WangdiAbstract:The Greater Accra Region is the smallest of the 16 administrative regions in Ghana. It is highly populated and characterized by tropical climatic conditions. Although efforts towards malaria control in Ghana have had positive impacts, malaria remains in the top five diseases reported at healthcare facilities within the Greater Accra Region. To further accelerate progress, analysis of regionally generated data is needed to inform control and management measures at this level. This study aimed to examine the climatic drivers of malaria transmission in the Greater Accra Region and identify inter-district variation in malaria burden. Monthly malaria cases for the Greater Accra Region were obtained from the Ghanaian District Health Information and Management System. Malaria cases were decomposed using seasonal-trend decomposition, based on locally weighted regression to analyze seasonality. A negative binomial regression model with a conditional autoregressive prior structure was used to quantify associations between climatic variables and malaria risk and spatial dependence. Posterior parameters were estimated using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation with Gibbs sampling. A total of 1,105,370 malaria cases were recorded in the region from 2015 to 2019. The overall malaria incidence for the region was approximately 47 per 1000 population. Malaria transmission was highly seasonal with an irregular inter-annual pattern. Monthly malaria case incidence was found to decrease by 2.3% (95% credible interval: 0.7–4.2%) for each 1 °C increase in monthly minimum temperature. Only five districts located in the south-central part of the region had a malaria incidence rate lower than the regional average at >95% probability level. The distribution of malaria cases was heterogeneous, seasonal, and significantly associated with climatic variables. Targeted malaria control and prevention in high-risk districts at the appropriate time points could result in a significant reduction in malaria transmission in the Greater Accra Region
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the epidemiology of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum malaria in china 2004 2012 from intensified control to elimination
Malaria Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Q Zhang, Archie C A Clements, Canjun Zheng, Honglong Zhang, Sheng Zhou, Xiaonong Zhou, Weizhong Yang, Shengjie Lai, Simon I HayAbstract:In China, the national malaria elimination programme has been operating since 2010. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological changes in patterns of malaria in China from intensified control to elimination stages. Data on nationwide malaria cases from 2004 to 2012 were extracted from the Chinese national malaria surveillance system. The secular trend, gender and age features, seasonality, and spatial distribution by Plasmodium species were analysed. In total, 238,443 malaria cases were reported, and the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum increased drastically from <10% before 2010 to 55.2% in 2012. From 2004 to 2006, malaria showed a significantly increasing trend and with the highest incidence peak in 2006 (4.6/100,000), while from 2007 onwards, malaria decreased sharply to only 0.18/100,000 in 2012. Males and young age groups became the predominantly affected population. The areas affected by Plasmodium vivax malaria shrunk, while areas affected by P. falciparum malaria expanded from 294 counties in 2004 to 600 counties in 2012. This study demonstrated that malaria has decreased dramatically in the last five years, especially since the Chinese government launched a malaria elimination programme in 2010, and areas with reported falciparum malaria cases have expanded over recent years. These findings suggest that elimination efforts should be improved to meet these changes, so as to achieve the nationwide malaria elimination goal in China in 2020.
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Rationale for the Coadministration of Albendazole and Ivermectin to Humans for Malaria Parasite Transmission Control
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2014Co-Authors: Kevin C Kobylinski, Brett E. Swierczewski, Haoues Alout, Archie C A Clements, Poom Adisakwattana, Jason H. RichardsonAbstract:Recently there have been calls for the eradication of malaria and the elimination of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Malaria and STHs overlap in distribution, and STH infections are associated with increased risk for malaria. Indeed, there is evidence that suggests that STH infection may facilitate malaria transmission. Malaria and STH coinfection may exacerbate anemia, especially in pregnant women, leading to worsened child development and more adverse pregnancy outcomes than these diseases would cause on their own. Ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) to humans for malaria parasite transmission suppression is being investigated as a potential malaria elimination tool. Adding albendazole to ivermectin MDAs would maximize effects against STHs. A proactive, integrated control platform that targets malaria and STHs would be extremely cost-effective and simultaneously reduce human suffering caused by multiple diseases. This paper outlines the benefits of adding albendazole to ivermectin MDAs for malaria parasite transmission suppression.
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the epidemiology of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum malaria in china 2004 2012 from intensified control to elimination
Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 2014Co-Authors: Q Zhang, Archie C A Clements, Canjun Zheng, Honglong Zhang, Sheng Zhou, Wenbiao Hu, Xiaonong Zhou, Weizhong Yang, Hongjie Yu, Zhongjie LiAbstract:Background In China, the national malaria elimination programme has been operating since 2010. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological changes in patterns of malaria in China from intensified control to elimination stages. Methods Data on nationwide malaria cases from 2004 to 2012 were extracted from the Chinese national malaria surveillance system. The secular trend, gender and age features, seasonality, and spatial distribution by Plasmodium species were analysed. Results In total, 238,443 malaria cases were reported, and the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum increased drastically from <10% before 2010 to 55.2% in 2012. From 2004 to 2006, malaria showed a significantly increasing trend and with the highest incidence peak in 2006 (4.6/100,000), while from 2007 onwards, malaria decreased sharply to only 0.18/100,000 in 2012. Males and young age groups became the predominantly affected population. The areas affected by Plasmodium vivax malaria shrunk, while areas affected by P. falciparum malaria expanded from 294 counties in 2004 to 600 counties in 2012. Conclusions This study demonstrated that malaria has decreased dramatically in the last five years, especially since the Chinese government launched a malaria elimination programme in 2010, and areas with reported falciparum malaria cases have expanded over recent years. These findings suggest that elimination efforts should be improved to meet these changes, so as to achieve the nationwide malaria elimination goal in China in 2020.
