The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Flávia Alessandra Guarnier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pulmonary Emphysema Impairs Male Reproductive Physiology Due To Testosterone and Oxidative Stress Imbalance in Mesocricetus auratus
    Reproductive Sciences, 2020
    Co-Authors: Henrique Rodrigues Vieira, Gessica Dutra Gonçalves, Nichelle Antunes Vieira, Rafaela Pires Erthal, Carolina Ferreira Sampaio, Ingrid Caroline Pinto, Thamara Nishida Xavier Silva, Gláucia Eloisa Munhoz Siervo, Rubens Cecchini, Flávia Alessandra Guarnier
    Abstract:

    This study evaluated whether pulmonary emphysema affects sperm quality, Male Reproductive organs, and testosterone levels in adult Male hamsters. Mesocricetus auratus Males (130–150 g) were subdivided into a control group (C group) and an emphysema group (E group). The C group received an intratracheal instillation of saline solution (0.3 mL/100 g of body weight), and the E group received papain (40 mg/100 g of body weight). After 60 days, the biometric, pulmonary, and Reproductive parameters of each group were evaluated. The E group developed pulmonary emphysema, which decreased body weight and sperm quality compared to the C group. In oxidative stress-related assays, lipid peroxidation was increased in the testis and epididymis (caput and cauda) in the E group compared with the C group. However, only the caput epididymis showed a reduction in glutathione levels. Pulmonary emphysema also affected the testicle by inducing an increase in abnormal seminiferous tubules, accompanied by a decrease in seminiferous epithelium height. Spermatogenesis kinetics were also modified by pulmonary emphysema. The number of Leydig and Sertoli cells decreased in the E group, accompanied by an increase in the nuclear volume of Leydig cells. Testosterone concentration was increased in the E group. Similarly, pulmonary emphysema altered epididymal components in all regions. In conclusion, pulmonary emphysema affected the Reproductive system in this experimental model, as shown by testicular and epididymal morphoPhysiology changes, hormonal alteration, and oxidative stress imbalance, inducing the loss of correct function in the Male Reproductive system.

Stuart E Reynolds - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of larval exposure to sublethal concentrations of the ecdysteroid agonists rh 5849 and tebufenozide rh 5992 on Male Reproductive Physiology in spodoptera litura
    Journal of Insect Physiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Rakesh Kumar Seth, J J Kaur, Stuart E Reynolds
    Abstract:

    Sublethal concentrations of the bisacylhydrazine moulting hormone agonists, RH-5849, and tebufenozide (RH-5992) were fed to sixth (final) instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. Both RH-5849 and tebufenozide adversely affected the mating success of S. litura when the surviving treated Males were crossed with normal feMales. The ecdysone agonists decreased the longevity of treated Males and of untreated feMales when crossed with treated Males. The number of eggs laid by untreated feMales mated to treated Males was decreased, and the fertility (percentage of hatching success) of the resulting eggs was reduced. These effects on Male Reproductive success were at least in part explained by a reduction in the number of sperm transferred during mating. The adverse effects of tebufenozide on Male Reproductive function were qualitatively the same as those of RH-5849, but tebufenozide was active at lower concentrations. To understand the reason for these adverse effects on Male reproduction, we investigated the effects of the insecticides on Male Reproductive Physiology. Male Reproductive tract development and testicular volume of resulting adult moths were adversely affected by sublethal larval exposure to the ecdysone agonists. Dose-dependent reductions occurred in the production of eupyrene and apyrene spermatozoa in the adult testes, and in the number of spermatozoa released from the testes into the Male Reproductive tract. The descent into the Male tract of both eupyrene and apyrene sperm was found to start at the normal stage of development in both normal and treated insects, but the daily rhythm of sperm descent was subsequently disturbed in the insecticide-treated moths. This affected the numbers of sperm in the upper vas deferens (UVD), seminal vesicle (SV), and duplex (duplex). Injections of RH-5849 given to pharate adult or newly emerged adult S. litura also caused drastic reduction in the number of sperm in the upper regions of the Male tract, when measured 24 h after injection. The possible importance of pest population reduction through the sublethal anti-Reproductive effects of insecticides is discussed.

Henrique Rodrigues Vieira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pulmonary Emphysema Impairs Male Reproductive Physiology Due To Testosterone and Oxidative Stress Imbalance in Mesocricetus auratus
    Reproductive Sciences, 2020
    Co-Authors: Henrique Rodrigues Vieira, Gessica Dutra Gonçalves, Nichelle Antunes Vieira, Rafaela Pires Erthal, Carolina Ferreira Sampaio, Ingrid Caroline Pinto, Thamara Nishida Xavier Silva, Gláucia Eloisa Munhoz Siervo, Rubens Cecchini, Flávia Alessandra Guarnier
    Abstract:

    This study evaluated whether pulmonary emphysema affects sperm quality, Male Reproductive organs, and testosterone levels in adult Male hamsters. Mesocricetus auratus Males (130–150 g) were subdivided into a control group (C group) and an emphysema group (E group). The C group received an intratracheal instillation of saline solution (0.3 mL/100 g of body weight), and the E group received papain (40 mg/100 g of body weight). After 60 days, the biometric, pulmonary, and Reproductive parameters of each group were evaluated. The E group developed pulmonary emphysema, which decreased body weight and sperm quality compared to the C group. In oxidative stress-related assays, lipid peroxidation was increased in the testis and epididymis (caput and cauda) in the E group compared with the C group. However, only the caput epididymis showed a reduction in glutathione levels. Pulmonary emphysema also affected the testicle by inducing an increase in abnormal seminiferous tubules, accompanied by a decrease in seminiferous epithelium height. Spermatogenesis kinetics were also modified by pulmonary emphysema. The number of Leydig and Sertoli cells decreased in the E group, accompanied by an increase in the nuclear volume of Leydig cells. Testosterone concentration was increased in the E group. Similarly, pulmonary emphysema altered epididymal components in all regions. In conclusion, pulmonary emphysema affected the Reproductive system in this experimental model, as shown by testicular and epididymal morphoPhysiology changes, hormonal alteration, and oxidative stress imbalance, inducing the loss of correct function in the Male Reproductive system.

Ashok Agarwal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with systemic inflammation and the impact on the Male Reproductive system
    American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Kristian Leisegang, Ralf Henkel, Ashok Agarwal
    Abstract:

    : Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are global epidemics, driven by an obesogenic environment. This is mediated by complex underlying pathoPhysiology, in which chronic inflammation is an important aetiological and mechanistic phenomenon. A shift towards a subclinical TH 1-lymphocyte mediated innate and chronic inflammatory response is well defined in obesity and MetS, demonstrated in multiple systems including visceral adiposity, brain (hypothalamus), muscles, vasculature, liver, pancreas, testes, epididymis, prostate and seminal fluid. Inflammatory cytokines disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-testes axis and steroidogenesis cascades (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism), spermatogenesis (poor semen parameters, including DNA fragmentation and detrimental epigenetic modification) and results in subclinical prostatitis and prostate hyperplasia. This review aims to highlight the role of chronic inflammation in obesity and MetS, cytokines in Male Reproductive Physiology and pathoPhysiology, the impact on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, prostate pathology and erectile dysfunction. Currently, it is recommended that clinical assessment of Male infertility and Reproductive dysfunction in obese and MetS patients includes inflammation assessment (highly sensitive C-reactive protein), and appropriate advice and therapeutic options are incorporated in the management options. However, the mechanisms and therapeutic options remain poorly understood and require significant interdisciplinary research to identify potential novel therapeutic strategies.

  • New generation of diagnostic tests for infertility: review of specialized semen tests.
    International Journal of Urology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Mary K. Samplaski, Ashok Agarwal, Rakesh Sharma, Edmund Sabanegh
    Abstract:

    The initial evaluation of the subfertile Male includes a through history and physical examination, semen analyses, and hormonal evaluation. However, a normal spermiogram does not necessarily correlate with fertility potential, because it does not assess sperm function. For this reason, specialized semen tests have been developed to test various aspects of spermatozoal function. This article reviews basic Male Reproductive Physiology, as well as clinically utilized advanced seminal tests, including their methodology and implications for Reproductive technology outcomes and fecundity.

  • mechanism measurement and prevention of oxidative stress in Male Reproductive Physiology
    Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Ashok Agarwal, Sushil Prabakaran
    Abstract:

    Numerous factors influence Male fertility. Among these factors is oxidative stress (OS), which has elicited an enormous interest in researchers in recent period. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced by various metabolic and physiologic processes. OS occurs when the delicate balance between the production of ROS and the inherent antioxidant capacity of the organism is distorted. Spermatozoa are particularly sensitive to ROS as their plasma membrane contains polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which oxidizes easily. They also lack cytoplasm to generate a robust preventive and repair mechanism against ROS. The transition metal ions that are found in the body have a catalytic effect in the generation of ROS. Lifestyle behaviours such as smoking and alcohol use and environmental pollution further enhance the generation of ROS and thus, cause destructive effects on various cellular organelles like mitochondria, sperm DNA etc. This article analyzes the detrimental effects of OS on Male fertility, measurement of OS and effective ways to decrease or eliminate them completely. We have also provided information on oxidative stress in other systems of the body, which may be applied to future research in the field of Reproductive biology.

James A Kashanian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • thyroid dysfunction and Male Reproductive Physiology
    Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 2016
    Co-Authors: Neal Patel, James A Kashanian
    Abstract:

    Normal thyroid Physiology is paramount for the proper development and important for the maintenance of Male reproduction. Both short- and long-term deviations in thyroid hormone levels have been shown to alter Male Reproductive function on a micro- and macroscopic level. Thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism are associated with changes in spermatogenesis, semen quality, levels of sexual hormones, and erectile function. However, the degree to which thyroid dysfunction is clinically responsible for Male infertility has not been clearly elucidated.