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Ryan P Rodgers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Heavy Petroleum Composition. 5. Compositional and Structural Continuum of Petroleum Revealed
    2015
    Co-Authors: David C. Podgorski, Alan G Marshall, Amy M Mckenna, Yuri E Corilo, Leonard Nyadong, Vladislav V Lobodin, Benjamin J Bythell, Winston K. Robbins, Ryan P Rodgers
    Abstract:

    Twenty-five years ago, Boduszynski et al. conducted a comprehensive study of heavy oil composition and concluded that crude oil composition increases gradually and continuously with regard to aromaticity, molecular weight, and heteroatom content from the light distillates to non-distillables (the Boduszynski continuum model). Previous exhaustive characterization of heavy vacuum gas oil by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) provided compositional data that strongly supports the continuum model. However, when the molecular formulas obtained by FT-ICR MS for the distillates and asphaltenes from the same parent crude oil are plotted as double bond equivalents (DBE) versus carbon number, a gap appears between the compositional space of “asphaltenes” and “Maltenes”, in contradiction to the Boduszynski–Altgelt model. Here, a heavy distillate cut (atmospheric equivalent boiling point of 523–593 °C) is fractionated according to the number of aromatic rings by HPLC-2. The C7-deasphalted whole oil (C7-DAO), its pentane soluble/insoluble fractions, and each of their ring number fractions are comprehensively characterized by atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) FT-ICR MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The HPLC-2 fractions from both the C5-soluble and C5-insoluble C7-DAO represent a gradual and continuous progression that fills the compositional “gap” in carbon number and aromaticity between asphaltenes and Maltenes as a function of the increasing aromatic ring number, as predicted by Boduszynski. MS/MS results indicate that each ring number fraction comprises both island and archipelago structural motifs. FT-ICR MS reveals a continuum in carbon number and aromaticity. The C5-insoluble C7-DAO components have a similar structure but with higher-order fused ring core structures and are composed of a higher proportion of archipelago structures than the C5-soluble C7-DAO components. Thus, fractionation by the aromatic ring number of “maltenic” and “asphaltenic” species from the C7-solubles from a high boiling distillate validates the compositional continuum of petroleum components, and MS/MS exposes the aromatic building blocks of “maltenic” and “asphaltenic” species (structural continuum) that comprise island and archipelago structural motifs

  • heavy petroleum composition 5 compositional and structural continuum of petroleum revealed
    Energy & Fuels, 2013
    Co-Authors: David C Podgorski, Alan G Marshall, Amy M Mckenna, Yuri E Corilo, Leonard Nyadong, Vladislav V Lobodin, Benjamin J Bythell, Winston K Robbins, Ryan P Rodgers
    Abstract:

    Twenty-five years ago, Boduszynski et al. conducted a comprehensive study of heavy oil composition and concluded that crude oil composition increases gradually and continuously with regard to aromaticity, molecular weight, and heteroatom content from the light distillates to non-distillables (the Boduszynski continuum model). Previous exhaustive characterization of heavy vacuum gas oil by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) provided compositional data that strongly supports the continuum model. However, when the molecular formulas obtained by FT-ICR MS for the distillates and asphaltenes from the same parent crude oil are plotted as double bond equivalents (DBE) versus carbon number, a gap appears between the compositional space of “asphaltenes” and “Maltenes”, in contradiction to the Boduszynski–Altgelt model. Here, a heavy distillate cut (atmospheric equivalent boiling point of 523–593 °C) is fractionated according to the number of aromatic rings by HPLC-2. The C7-dea...

  • joint industrial case study for asphaltene deposition
    Energy & Fuels, 2013
    Co-Authors: Priyanka Juyal, Jill S Buckley, Rosa I Ruedavelasquez, Jade E Fitzsimmons, Stephan J Allenson, Ann M Mckenna, Murray R. Gray, Ryan P Rodgers, Jianxin Wang, Jefferson L Creek
    Abstract:

    Here, we present a case study on a Wyoming well with known asphaltene deposition issues as a result of natural depletion. Field deposits and crude oil from the same well were collected for analysis. Compositional differences between field deposits, lab-generated capillary deposits, and C7-precipitated asphaltenes were determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and all three samples show similar trends in composition, displayed as plots of aromaticity versus carbon number. An enrichment of highly condensed aromatic molecules for the field deposit is detected with both ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and thermal cracking experiments and could predict asphaltene deposition. FT-ICR mass spectral analysis of solvent-extracted fractions suggest different deposition mechanisms for field deposits (slow deposition) compared to rapid precipitation in standard asphaltene preparation protocols that contain trapped Maltenes.

Gonzalez Aguirre, Paola Beatriz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Morphologie et comportement rhéologique de mélanges de maltènes/polymères et asphaltes/polymères préparés avec des polymères ramifiés de type SBS partiellement hydrogénés
    2008
    Co-Authors: Gonzalez Aguirre, Paola Beatriz, Pla Fernand, Herrera-najera Rafael, Fonteix Christian
    Abstract:

    Ce est consacré à l élaboration et à l étude de mélanges de type polymères/maltènes (MP) et polymères/asphaltes (AMP). Les polymères sont des copolymères à blocs de styrène et de butadiène (SBS) présentant une architecture ramifiée en étoile à quatre branches. Ils ont été partiellement hydrogénés en SBEBS grâce à l utilisation d un catalyseur type Ziegler-Natta. Dans les conditions expérimentales utilisées, les analyses physico-chimiques des SBEBS ont clairement montré que l hydrogénation a été réalisée sans dégradation ni réticulation des chaînes macromoléculaires. Les mélanges, fabriqués sous agitation à l état fondu, ont ensuite été caractérisés par rhéologie et microscopie de fluorescence. Les résultats obtenus permettent d établir que : - selon la teneur en copolymère, les AMP présentent soit une morphologie de type émulsion soit une structure de type macroréseau, - les mélanges polymères/maltènes sont des systèmes bi-phasiques constitués par une phase de copolymère gonflé et une phase de maltènes, tandis que les mélanges polymères/asphaltes sont des systèmes tri-phasiques constitués d une phase de copolymère gonflé, d une phase de maltènes et d une phase d asphaltènes stabilisés par des maltènes. Dans tous les cas, ces effets sont la conséquence directe du gonflement du copolymère dans les mélanges. Cette étude a donc permis d établir que la microstructure des copolymères a une influence notoire sur leur gonflement et sur les performances rhéologiques des mélanges résultantsA study of Maltenes/polymer and asphalt/polymer blends, with two styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymers with four-branch star-like chain architecture is reported in this work. The employed polymers, with the same overall composition and distribution, were in-situ partially hydrogenated using a Nickel II Ziegler-Natta type catalyst without cross-linking or chain scission reactions. Blends were prepared by a melt mixing procedure and studied by fluorescence microscopy and rheological measurements. Results indicate that maltene/polymers blends are bi-phase heterogeneous systems with swollen polymer-rich and Maltenes-rich phases, while asphalt/polymers blends are tri-phase systems with swollen polymer-rich, Maltenes-rich and stabilized asphaltenes phases. In both cases, the rheological behavior of blends is mainly affected by the swollen polymer rich phase. It was confirmed that the rheological properties of PMM depend on the molecular characteristics of the copolymer such as the total molecular weight and molecular architecture, which determine the material behaviorNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

  • Morphologie et comportement rhéologique de mélanges de maltènes/polymères et asphaltes/polymères préparés avec des polymères ramifiés de type SBS partiellement hydrogénés
    HAL CCSD, 2008
    Co-Authors: Gonzalez Aguirre, Paola Beatriz
    Abstract:

    A study of Maltenes/polymer and asphalt/polymer blends, with two styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymers with four-branch star-like chain architecture is reported in this work. The employed polymers, with the same overall composition and distribution, were in-situ partially hydrogenated using a Nickel II Ziegler-Natta type catalyst without cross-linking or chain scission reactions. Blends were prepared by a melt mixing procedure and studied by fluorescence microscopy and rheological measurements. Results indicate that maltene/polymers blends are bi-phase heterogeneous systems with swollen polymer-rich and Maltenes-rich phases, while asphalt/polymers blends are tri-phase systems with swollen polymer-rich, Maltenes-rich and stabilized asphaltenes phases. In both cases, the rheological behavior of blends is mainly affected by the swollen polymer rich phase. It was confirmed that the rheological properties of PMM depend on the molecular characteristics of the copolymer such as the total molecular weight and molecular architecture, which determine the material behaviorCe est consacré à l'élaboration et à l'étude de mélanges de type polymères/maltènes (MP) et polymères/asphaltes (AMP). Les polymères sont des copolymères à blocs de styrène et de butadiène (SBS) présentant une architecture ramifiée en étoile à quatre branches. Ils ont été partiellement hydrogénés en SBEBS grâce à l'utilisation d'un catalyseur type Ziegler-Natta. Dans les conditions expérimentales utilisées, les analyses physico-chimiques des SBEBS ont clairement montré que l'hydrogénation a été réalisée sans dégradation ni réticulation des chaînes macromoléculaires. Les mélanges, fabriqués sous agitation à l'état fondu, ont ensuite été caractérisés par rhéologie et microscopie de fluorescence. Les résultats obtenus permettent d'établir que : - selon la teneur en copolymère, les AMP présentent soit une morphologie de type émulsion soit une structure de type macroréseau, - les mélanges polymères/maltènes sont des systèmes bi-phasiques constitués par une phase de copolymère gonflé et une phase de maltènes, tandis que les mélanges polymères/asphaltes sont des systèmes tri-phasiques constitués d'une phase de copolymère gonflé, d'une phase de maltènes et d'une phase d'asphaltènes stabilisés par des maltènes. Dans tous les cas, ces effets sont la conséquence directe du gonflement du copolymère dans les mélanges. Cette étude a donc permis d'établir que la microstructure des copolymères a une influence notoire sur leur gonflement et sur les performances rhéologiques des mélanges résultant

  • Morphology and rheological behaviour of Maltenes/polymers and asfalts/polymers blends with ramified partially hydrogenated type polymers
    2008
    Co-Authors: Gonzalez Aguirre, Paola Beatriz
    Abstract:

    Ce est consacré à l’élaboration et à l’étude de mélanges de type polymères/maltènes (MP) et polymères/asphaltes (AMP). Les polymères sont des copolymères à blocs de styrène et de butadiène (SBS) présentant une architecture ramifiée en étoile à quatre branches. Ils ont été partiellement hydrogénés en SBEBS grâce à l’utilisation d’un catalyseur type Ziegler-Natta. Dans les conditions expérimentales utilisées, les analyses physico-chimiques des SBEBS ont clairement montré que l’hydrogénation a été réalisée sans dégradation ni réticulation des chaînes macromoléculaires. Les mélanges, fabriqués sous agitation à l’état fondu, ont ensuite été caractérisés par rhéologie et microscopie de fluorescence. Les résultats obtenus permettent d’établir que : - selon la teneur en copolymère, les AMP présentent soit une morphologie de type émulsion soit une structure de type macroréseau, - les mélanges polymères/maltènes sont des systèmes bi-phasiques constitués par une phase de copolymère gonflé et une phase de maltènes, tandis que les mélanges polymères/asphaltes sont des systèmes tri-phasiques constitués d’une phase de copolymère gonflé, d’une phase de maltènes et d’une phase d’asphaltènes stabilisés par des maltènes. Dans tous les cas, ces effets sont la conséquence directe du gonflement du copolymère dans les mélanges. Cette étude a donc permis d’établir que la microstructure des copolymères a une influence notoire sur leur gonflement et sur les performances rhéologiques des mélanges résultantsA study of Maltenes/polymer and asphalt/polymer blends, with two styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymers with four-branch star-like chain architecture is reported in this work. The employed polymers, with the same overall composition and distribution, were in-situ partially hydrogenated using a Nickel II Ziegler-Natta type catalyst without cross-linking or chain scission reactions. Blends were prepared by a melt mixing procedure and studied by fluorescence microscopy and rheological measurements. Results indicate that maltene/polymers blends are bi-phase heterogeneous systems with swollen polymer-rich and Maltenes-rich phases, while asphalt/polymers blends are tri-phase systems with swollen polymer-rich, Maltenes-rich and stabilized asphaltenes phases. In both cases, the rheological behavior of blends is mainly affected by the swollen polymer rich phase. It was confirmed that the rheological properties of PMM depend on the molecular characteristics of the copolymer such as the total molecular weight and molecular architecture, which determine the material behavio

Ralf Zimmermann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • thermal analysis coupled to ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry with collision induced dissociation for complex petroleum samples heavy oil composition and asphaltene precipitation effects
    Energy & Fuels, 2017
    Co-Authors: Christopher P Ruger, Anika Neumann, Martin Sklorz, Theo Schwemer, Ralf Zimmermann
    Abstract:

    Thermal desorption and pyrolysis of various heavy oils and asphaltenes (precipitated with different paraffinic solvents) were studied. For this purpose evolved gas analysis was realized by hyphenation of a thermobalance to ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The chemical pattern was preserved by applying soft atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Collision induced dissociation (CID) was performed for deeper structural insights. Viscous or solid petroleum samples and fractions can be easily measured by the setup. The SARA fractions (Maltenes, C7-asphaltenes, aromatics, saturated, and resins), deployed for evaluation purposes, revealed a very complex molecular pattern, and fractionation drastically increased the number of assigned elemental compositions. Species from m/z 150 to m/z 700 and two main phases (desorption and pyrolysis), which transits at roughly 300–350 °C, are observed. Both phases overlap partially but can be separated by applying matrix factorization. The heavy oil...

  • Thermal Analysis Coupled to Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry with Collision Induced Dissociation for Complex Petroleum Samples: Heavy Oil Composition and Asphaltene Precipitation Effects
    2017
    Co-Authors: Christopher P. Rüger, Anika Neumann, Martin Sklorz, Theo Schwemer, Ralf Zimmermann
    Abstract:

    Thermal desorption and pyrolysis of various heavy oils and asphaltenes (precipitated with different paraffinic solvents) were studied. For this purpose evolved gas analysis was realized by hyphenation of a thermobalance to ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The chemical pattern was preserved by applying soft atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Collision induced dissociation (CID) was performed for deeper structural insights. Viscous or solid petroleum samples and fractions can be easily measured by the setup. The SARA fractions (Maltenes, C7-asphaltenes, aromatics, saturated, and resins), deployed for evaluation purposes, revealed a very complex molecular pattern, and fractionation drastically increased the number of assigned elemental compositions. Species from m/z 150 to m/z 700 and two main phases (desorption and pyrolysis), which transits at roughly 300–350 °C, are observed. Both phases overlap partially but can be separated by applying matrix factorization. The heavy oil and asphaltene mass spectra are dominated by CH-, CHS-, and CHN-class compounds, whereas for the CID spectra a lower abundance of oxygenated species was found. Furthermore, physicochemical properties and the molecular response were correlated for the heavy oils and asphaltene samples, finding a strong correlation between sulfur content and abundance of CHSx-class compounds as well as between double bond equivalent (DBE) and API gravity. As the CID leads mainly to dealkylation, the length of alkylated side chains of components evolved thermally or by pyrolytic processes can be traced during the temperature ramp. In general, an increase of dealkylation in the desorption phase, followed by a decrease during the transition to pyrolysis and an increase reaching a stable plateau for stable pyrolysis, was detected. This behavior was found to be similar for all asphaltenes and for the mean DBE progression. Deploying a lighter paraffinic solvent for asphaltene precipitation causes a higher abundance of species emitted in the desorption phase. They belong mainly to CHOx-class compounds from the maltene fraction occluded and coprecipitated with the asphaltenes. Besides this, no significant effect of the precipitation solvent on the asphaltenic core structures and molecular pattern in the pyrolysis phase was observed. The DBE distribution suggests the presence of the archipelago asphaltene molecular architecture

Christopher P Ruger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • thermal analysis coupled to ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry with collision induced dissociation for complex petroleum samples heavy oil composition and asphaltene precipitation effects
    Energy & Fuels, 2017
    Co-Authors: Christopher P Ruger, Anika Neumann, Martin Sklorz, Theo Schwemer, Ralf Zimmermann
    Abstract:

    Thermal desorption and pyrolysis of various heavy oils and asphaltenes (precipitated with different paraffinic solvents) were studied. For this purpose evolved gas analysis was realized by hyphenation of a thermobalance to ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The chemical pattern was preserved by applying soft atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Collision induced dissociation (CID) was performed for deeper structural insights. Viscous or solid petroleum samples and fractions can be easily measured by the setup. The SARA fractions (Maltenes, C7-asphaltenes, aromatics, saturated, and resins), deployed for evaluation purposes, revealed a very complex molecular pattern, and fractionation drastically increased the number of assigned elemental compositions. Species from m/z 150 to m/z 700 and two main phases (desorption and pyrolysis), which transits at roughly 300–350 °C, are observed. Both phases overlap partially but can be separated by applying matrix factorization. The heavy oil...

Pla Fernand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Morphologie et comportement rhéologique de mélanges de maltènes/polymères et asphaltes/polymères préparés avec des polymères ramifiés de type SBS partiellement hydrogénés
    2008
    Co-Authors: Gonzalez Aguirre, Paola Beatriz, Pla Fernand, Herrera-najera Rafael, Fonteix Christian
    Abstract:

    Ce est consacré à l élaboration et à l étude de mélanges de type polymères/maltènes (MP) et polymères/asphaltes (AMP). Les polymères sont des copolymères à blocs de styrène et de butadiène (SBS) présentant une architecture ramifiée en étoile à quatre branches. Ils ont été partiellement hydrogénés en SBEBS grâce à l utilisation d un catalyseur type Ziegler-Natta. Dans les conditions expérimentales utilisées, les analyses physico-chimiques des SBEBS ont clairement montré que l hydrogénation a été réalisée sans dégradation ni réticulation des chaînes macromoléculaires. Les mélanges, fabriqués sous agitation à l état fondu, ont ensuite été caractérisés par rhéologie et microscopie de fluorescence. Les résultats obtenus permettent d établir que : - selon la teneur en copolymère, les AMP présentent soit une morphologie de type émulsion soit une structure de type macroréseau, - les mélanges polymères/maltènes sont des systèmes bi-phasiques constitués par une phase de copolymère gonflé et une phase de maltènes, tandis que les mélanges polymères/asphaltes sont des systèmes tri-phasiques constitués d une phase de copolymère gonflé, d une phase de maltènes et d une phase d asphaltènes stabilisés par des maltènes. Dans tous les cas, ces effets sont la conséquence directe du gonflement du copolymère dans les mélanges. Cette étude a donc permis d établir que la microstructure des copolymères a une influence notoire sur leur gonflement et sur les performances rhéologiques des mélanges résultantsA study of Maltenes/polymer and asphalt/polymer blends, with two styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymers with four-branch star-like chain architecture is reported in this work. The employed polymers, with the same overall composition and distribution, were in-situ partially hydrogenated using a Nickel II Ziegler-Natta type catalyst without cross-linking or chain scission reactions. Blends were prepared by a melt mixing procedure and studied by fluorescence microscopy and rheological measurements. Results indicate that maltene/polymers blends are bi-phase heterogeneous systems with swollen polymer-rich and Maltenes-rich phases, while asphalt/polymers blends are tri-phase systems with swollen polymer-rich, Maltenes-rich and stabilized asphaltenes phases. In both cases, the rheological behavior of blends is mainly affected by the swollen polymer rich phase. It was confirmed that the rheological properties of PMM depend on the molecular characteristics of the copolymer such as the total molecular weight and molecular architecture, which determine the material behaviorNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

  • Effet de la microstructure, de la macrostructure et de la composition des copolymères à base de styrène et butadiène sur les propriétés de bitumes modifiés
    2005
    Co-Authors: Rojas-garcia José-manuel, Pla Fernand
    Abstract:

    This study is focused to the modification of a mexican asphalt (AC-20 Salamanca) with styrene-butadiene copolymers which have different molecular characteristics by using a hot-mix process, and the obtained polymer-modified asphalts (PMA) were characterized by both rheological tests and fluorescence microscopy. The results show that for any concentration of polymer, the PMA may exhibit either emulsion-like or macronetwork morphology. It was found that the composition and block size of the SBS have strong effect on the ordering of the polystyrene and polybutadiene microdomains, and therefore they have strong effect on the morphology and rheological behavior of the PMA. It was established that the microstructure has strong effect on the swelling of polymer with Maltenes but it has weak effect on the rheological behavior of the PMA because their rheological properties have similar behavior up to 40 % of vinyl units. Therefore, the molecular characteristics of polymer is critical as for the morphology as for the rheological behavior of the PMA. The rheological data at low temperature of the PMA had weIl fitting to the Maxwell-Voigt's model to predict the creep response of the material and to determine their activation energy. The rheological data at high temperature followed adequately the Palierne's model which regards as the PMA as an emuision-like material and uses the interfacial tension as the only adjustable parameter.Cette étude est consacrée à la modification d'un asphalte mexicain (AC-20 Salamanca) par des polymères à blocs à base de styrène et butadiène, présentant des caractéristiques moléculaires variables. On a utilisé un procédé de mélange à chaud pour produire les asphaltes modifiés (PMA) qui ont été caractérisés grâce à des essais rhéologiques et par microscopie de fluorescence. Les données permettent d'établir que pour chaque teneur en polymère, les PMA présentent une morphologie soit de type émulsion soit une de type macro réseau. On a trouvé que la composition et la taille des blocs du polymère SBS ont une influence sur l'agencement des microdomaines de polystyrène et de polybutadiène. Parallèlement, ils ont un fort effet sur la morphologie et les performances du PMA. On a aussi établi que la microstructure a une forte influence sur le gonflement du polymère avec les maltènes mais qu'elle a un faible effet sur les performances rhéologiques du PMA, parce que leurs propriétés rhéologiques sont identiques jusqu'à une teneur de 40% des groupements vinyles. Ceci montre que la nature moléculaire du polymère est très importante tant pour la génération de la morphologie que pour les comportements rhéologiques du PMA. Les données rhéologiques à basses températures du PMA sont en agrément avec le modèle de Maxwell-Voigt pour prédire le comportement au fluage du PMA " creep" et pour mesurer son énergie d'activation. Les données rhéologiques des PMA à haute température suivent bien le modèle de Palierne pour lequel le PMA se comporte comme une émulsion dont la tension interfaciale est le seul paramètre ajustable.NANCY/VANDOEUVRE-INPL (545472102) / SudocSudocFranceF