The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brunner, Jay F. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Control de machos de Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) y Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en huertos de manzanos del Estado de Washington (EE.UU.) tratados con diferentes densidades de varias formulaciones atracticidas
Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, 2013Co-Authors: Curkovic Tomislav, Brunner, Jay F.Abstract:This is the first report on attracticides loaded with 1.6 or 16% pheromone, with or without 6% permethrin, tested for Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott male control. Different densities of attracticide sources (750-3,600 droplets ha-1) homogeneously applied on the canopy were compared in apple (Malus pumila Mill.) orchards. Before attracticide application, no differences in male captures using pheromone baited trap were observed. Afterwards, a significant reduction of captures occurred along with the increasing pheromone concentration, when larger density sources were used. The addition of permethrin into the attracticide formulation, however, did not significantly improve the reduction of males. Overall, these results suggest that mating disruption or other mechanism, instead of the killing effect attributed to attracticides, controlled males. The attracticide formulations matrix reported is suggested to be tested as an alternative to the current ones used for mating disruption. It is suggested to test the attracticide formulation matrix reported as an alternative to the current ones used for mating distuption.Éste es el primer informe del control de machos de Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) y Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott con atracticidas que contengan 1,6 ó 16% de feromona, con o sin permetrina al 6%. Se compararon diferentes densidades de atracticidas (750-3.600 gotas ha-1), aplicadas homogéneamente en la copa de los manzanos (Malus pumila Mill.). Antes de los tratamientos no se observaron diferencias estadísticas en las capturas en trampas cebadas con feromona. Después de aplicar los tratamientos, se observó una reducción significativa en las capturas, al usar mayores concentraciones de feromona y mayores densidades de gotas por hectárea. La incorporación de permetrina en la formulación atracticida no mejoró su actividad en el control de machos. En general, los resultados sugieren que un efecto similar a la confusión de cópula, en lugar de un efecto letal atribuible al atracticida, o bien otro mecanismo, controló a los machos de estas especies. La matriz grasosa usada en la formulación atracticida se sugiere como una alternativa para ser probada respecto de las formulaciones actualmente usadas para confusión de cópula
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Control de machos de Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) y Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en huertos de manzanos del Estado de Washington (EE.UU.) tratados con diferentes densidades de varias formulaciones atracticidas.
Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 2007Co-Authors: Curkovic T., Brunner, Jay F.Abstract:This is the first report on attracticides loaded with 1.6 or 16% pheromone, with or without 6% permethrin, tested for Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott male control. Different densities of attracticide sources (750-3,600 droplets ha-1) homogeneously applied on the canopy were compared in apple (Malus pumila Mill.) orchards. Before attracticide application, no differences in male captures using pheromone baited trap were observed. Afterwards, a significant reduction of captures occurred along with the increasing pheromone concentration, when larger density sources were used. The addition of permethrin into the attracticide formulation, however, did not significantly improve the reduction of males. Overall, these results suggest that mating disruption or other mechanism, instead of the killing effect attributed to attracticides, controlled males. The attracticide formulations matrix reported is suggested to be tested as an alternative to the current ones used for mating disruption. It is suggested to test the attracticide formulation matrix reported as an alternative to the current ones used for mating distuptionÉste es el primer informe del control de machos de Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) y Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott con atracticidas que contengan 1,6 ó 16% de feromona, con o sin permetrina al 6%. Se compararon diferentes densidades de atracticidas (750-3.600 gotas ha-1), aplicadas homogéneamente en la copa de los manzanos (Malus pumila Mill.). Antes de los tratamientos no se observaron diferencias estadísticas en las capturas en trampas cebadas con feromona. Después de aplicar los tratamientos, se observó una reducción significativa en las capturas, al usar mayores concentraciones de feromona y mayores densidades de gotas por hectárea. La incorporación de permetrina en la formulación atracticida no mejoró su actividad en el control de machos. En general, los resultados sugieren que un efecto similar a la confusión de cópula, en lugar de un efecto letal atribuible al atracticida, o bien otro mecanismo, controló a los machos de estas especies. La matriz grasosa usada en la formulación atracticida se sugiere como una alternativa para ser probada respecto de las formulaciones actualmente usadas para confusión de cópul
Chengwei Qiu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Malus metasurface assisted polarization multiplexing
Light-Science & Applications, 2020Co-Authors: Liangui Deng, Juan Deng, Zhiqiang Guan, Jin Tao, Yang Chen, Yan Yang, Daxiao Zhang, Jibo Tang, Guoxing Zheng, Chengwei QiuAbstract:Polarization optics plays a pivotal role in diffractive, refractive, and emerging flat optics, and has been widely employed in contemporary optical industries and daily life. Advanced polarization manipulation leads to robust control of the polarization direction of light. Nevertheless, polarization control has been studied largely independent of the phase or intensity of light. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a Malus-metasurface-assisted paradigm to enable simultaneous and independent control of the intensity and phase properties of light simply by polarization modulation. The orientation degeneracy of the classical Malus’s law implies a new degree of freedom and enables us to establish a one-to-many mapping strategy for designing anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures to engineer the Pancharatnam–Berry phase profile, while keeping the continuous intensity modulation unchanged. The proposed Malus metadevice can thus generate a near-field greyscale pattern, and project an independent far-field holographic image using an ultrathin and single-sized metasurface. This concept opens up distinct dimensions for conventional polarization optics, which allows one to merge the functionality of phase manipulation into an amplitude-manipulation-assisted optical component to form a multifunctional nano-optical device without increasing the complexity of the nanostructures. It can empower advanced applications in information multiplexing and encryption, anti-counterfeiting, dual-channel display for virtual/augmented reality, and many other related fields. Metasurfaces made from an array of carefully orientated silver nano-brick polarizers on a silica glass substrate can manipulate the phase and amplitude of light. Fabricated and characterized by a team of researchers in China, Singapore and the UK, the so-called Malus metasurfaces are optimally designed to operate with red light and generate near-field greyscale patterns and far-field holographic images. Potential uses include image multiplexing and encryption, augmented-reality displays and other applications. The metasurfaces consist of nanoscale (160 nm long, 80 nm wide and 70 nm high) cuboids of silver which have a long axis and short axis. Simulations indicate that the nanobricks reflect 92.6% of incident 633 nm-light when its polarization is aligned along the long axis and transmit 95.3% when aligned to its short axis, thus acting as a nanoscale polarizer.
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Malus metasurface assisted polarization multiplexing
Light-Science & Applications, 2020Co-Authors: Liangui Deng, Juan Deng, Zhiqiang Guan, Jin Tao, Yang Chen, Yan Yang, Daxiao Zhang, Jibo Tang, Guoxing Zheng, Chengwei QiuAbstract:Polarization optics plays a pivotal role in diffractive, refractive, and emerging flat optics, and has been widely employed in contemporary optical industries and daily life. Advanced polarization manipulation leads to robust control of the polarization direction of light. Nevertheless, polarization control has been studied largely independent of the phase or intensity of light. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a Malus-metasurface-assisted paradigm to enable simultaneous and independent control of the intensity and phase properties of light simply by polarization modulation. The orientation degeneracy of the classical Malus's law implies a new degree of freedom and enables us to establish a one-to-many mapping strategy for designing anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures to engineer the Pancharatnam-Berry phase profile, while keeping the continuous intensity modulation unchanged. The proposed Malus metadevice can thus generate a near-field greyscale pattern, and project an independent far-field holographic image using an ultrathin and single-sized metasurface. This concept opens up distinct dimensions for conventional polarization optics, which allows one to merge the functionality of phase manipulation into an amplitude-manipulation-assisted optical component to form a multifunctional nano-optical device without increasing the complexity of the nanostructures. It can empower advanced applications in information multiplexing and encryption, anti-counterfeiting, dual-channel display for virtual/augmented reality, and many other related fields.
John L. Norelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fire blight resistance in wild accessions of Malus sieversii
Plant Disease, 2017Co-Authors: Julia M Harshman, Kate Evans, Haley Allen, Ryan Potts, Jade Flamenco, Herb S Aldwinckle, Michael Wisniewski, John L. NorelliAbstract:Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) is a devastating bacterial disease in apple that results in severe economic losses. Epidemics are becoming more common as susceptible cultivars and rootstocks are being planted, and control is becoming more difficult as antibiotic-resistant strains develop. Resistant germplasm currently being utilized by breeding programs tend to have small fruit size and poor flavor characteristics. Malus sieversii, a progenitor species of domestic apple, is notable for its relatively large, palatable fruit and some accessions have been reported to be resistant to fire blight. In this study, nearly 200 accessions of M. sieversii and appropriate controls were inoculated with E. amylovora in both Washington and West Virginia to identify fire blight resistant accessions. Twelve accessions were identified with resistance comparable to highly resistant and resistant controls. Several accessions exhibited a unique resistance response, not previously reported in domestic apple (M. × domestica), characterized by low incidence of infection but high severity once infection was initiated. Several of these M. sieversii accessions will be used as parents in future crosses in the Washington State University apple breeding program.
Andreas Peil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Status of fire blight resistance breeding in Malus
Journal of Plant Pathology, 2020Co-Authors: Andreas Peil, Ofere Francis Emeriewen, Awais Khan, Sarah Kostick, Mickael MalnoyAbstract:Malus domestica (apple) is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora , is one of the most destructive bacterial diseases that impacts apple production systems worldwide. Although it is possible to manage fire blight using antibiotics such as streptomycin, kasugamycin or oxytetracycline, the quest for sustainable and eco-friendly production makes breeding for fire blight resistance the most promising and desirable approach. Breeding for resistance is a long, resource-intensive process due to the high susceptibility of most commercial apple cultivars, and the fact that most resistance sources being characterized are from wild genetic backgrounds with unpalatable fruits, and apple’s long generation times. Nevertheless, establishment of pre-breeding materials is crucial. This review highlights the status of breeding for fire blight resistance in Malus , taking into account, 1) major and minor resistance sources and their interaction with E. amylovora , 2) progress and challenges associated with using wild species as resistance sources, 3) progress and challenges associated with using elite cultivars as resistance sources, 4) advances in biotechnology for use in enhancing the production of durable fire blight resistant cultivars.
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Malus hosts erwinia amylovora interactions strain pathogenicity and resistance mechanisms
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019Co-Authors: Ofere Francis Emeriewen, Thomas Wohner, Henryk Flachowsky, Andreas PeilAbstract:The bacterium, Erwinia amylovora, deposits effector proteins such as AvrRpt2EA into hosts through the type III secretion pathogenicity island to cause fire blight in susceptible Malus genotypes. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the AvrRpt2EA effector plays a key role in pathogen virulence on Malus hosts by exchanging one cysteine to serine in the effector protein sequence. Fire blight resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected in a few apple cultivars and wild Malus genotypes with the resistance of wild apples generally found to be stronger than their domestic relatives. The only candidate and functionally analyzed fire blight resistance genes proposed are from wild apple genotypes. Nevertheless, the aforementioned AvrRpt2EA SNP and a couple of effector mutants of E. amylovora are responsible for the breakdown of resistance from a few Malus donors including detected QTLs and underlying R-genes. This review summarizes a key finding related to the molecular basis underpinning an aspect of virulence of E. amylovora on Malus genotypes, as well as mechanisms of host recognition and specificity, and their implications on the results of genetic mapping and phenotypic studies within the last 5-6 years. Although the knowledge gained has improved our understanding of the Malus-E. amylovora system, more research is required to fully grasp the resistance mechanisms in this genus especially as they pertain to direct interactions with pathogen effectors.
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Malus Hosts–Erwinia amylovora Interactions: Strain Pathogenicity and Resistance Mechanisms
Frontiers Media S.A., 2019Co-Authors: Ofere Francis Emeriewen, Thomas Wohner, Henryk Flachowsky, Andreas PeilAbstract:The bacterium, Erwinia amylovora, deposits effector proteins such as AvrRpt2EA into hosts through the type III secretion pathogenicity island to cause fire blight in susceptible Malus genotypes. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the AvrRpt2EA effector plays a key role in pathogen virulence on Malus hosts by exchanging one cysteine to serine in the effector protein sequence. Fire blight resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected in a few apple cultivars and wild Malus genotypes with the resistance of wild apples generally found to be stronger than their domestic relatives. The only candidate and functionally analyzed fire blight resistance genes proposed are from wild apple genotypes. Nevertheless, the aforementioned AvrRpt2EA SNP and a couple of effector mutants of E. amylovora are responsible for the breakdown of resistance from a few Malus donors including detected QTLs and underlying R-genes. This review summarizes a key finding related to the molecular basis underpinning an aspect of virulence of E. amylovora on Malus genotypes, as well as mechanisms of host recognition and specificity, and their implications on the results of genetic mapping and phenotypic studies within the last 5–6 years. Although the knowledge gained has improved our understanding of the Malus–E. amylovora system, more research is required to fully grasp the resistance mechanisms in this genus especially as they pertain to direct interactions with pathogen effectors
Liangui Deng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Malus metasurface assisted polarization multiplexing
Light-Science & Applications, 2020Co-Authors: Liangui Deng, Juan Deng, Zhiqiang Guan, Jin Tao, Yang Chen, Yan Yang, Daxiao Zhang, Jibo Tang, Guoxing Zheng, Chengwei QiuAbstract:Polarization optics plays a pivotal role in diffractive, refractive, and emerging flat optics, and has been widely employed in contemporary optical industries and daily life. Advanced polarization manipulation leads to robust control of the polarization direction of light. Nevertheless, polarization control has been studied largely independent of the phase or intensity of light. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a Malus-metasurface-assisted paradigm to enable simultaneous and independent control of the intensity and phase properties of light simply by polarization modulation. The orientation degeneracy of the classical Malus’s law implies a new degree of freedom and enables us to establish a one-to-many mapping strategy for designing anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures to engineer the Pancharatnam–Berry phase profile, while keeping the continuous intensity modulation unchanged. The proposed Malus metadevice can thus generate a near-field greyscale pattern, and project an independent far-field holographic image using an ultrathin and single-sized metasurface. This concept opens up distinct dimensions for conventional polarization optics, which allows one to merge the functionality of phase manipulation into an amplitude-manipulation-assisted optical component to form a multifunctional nano-optical device without increasing the complexity of the nanostructures. It can empower advanced applications in information multiplexing and encryption, anti-counterfeiting, dual-channel display for virtual/augmented reality, and many other related fields. Metasurfaces made from an array of carefully orientated silver nano-brick polarizers on a silica glass substrate can manipulate the phase and amplitude of light. Fabricated and characterized by a team of researchers in China, Singapore and the UK, the so-called Malus metasurfaces are optimally designed to operate with red light and generate near-field greyscale patterns and far-field holographic images. Potential uses include image multiplexing and encryption, augmented-reality displays and other applications. The metasurfaces consist of nanoscale (160 nm long, 80 nm wide and 70 nm high) cuboids of silver which have a long axis and short axis. Simulations indicate that the nanobricks reflect 92.6% of incident 633 nm-light when its polarization is aligned along the long axis and transmit 95.3% when aligned to its short axis, thus acting as a nanoscale polarizer.
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Malus metasurface assisted polarization multiplexing
Light-Science & Applications, 2020Co-Authors: Liangui Deng, Juan Deng, Zhiqiang Guan, Jin Tao, Yang Chen, Yan Yang, Daxiao Zhang, Jibo Tang, Guoxing Zheng, Chengwei QiuAbstract:Polarization optics plays a pivotal role in diffractive, refractive, and emerging flat optics, and has been widely employed in contemporary optical industries and daily life. Advanced polarization manipulation leads to robust control of the polarization direction of light. Nevertheless, polarization control has been studied largely independent of the phase or intensity of light. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a Malus-metasurface-assisted paradigm to enable simultaneous and independent control of the intensity and phase properties of light simply by polarization modulation. The orientation degeneracy of the classical Malus's law implies a new degree of freedom and enables us to establish a one-to-many mapping strategy for designing anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures to engineer the Pancharatnam-Berry phase profile, while keeping the continuous intensity modulation unchanged. The proposed Malus metadevice can thus generate a near-field greyscale pattern, and project an independent far-field holographic image using an ultrathin and single-sized metasurface. This concept opens up distinct dimensions for conventional polarization optics, which allows one to merge the functionality of phase manipulation into an amplitude-manipulation-assisted optical component to form a multifunctional nano-optical device without increasing the complexity of the nanostructures. It can empower advanced applications in information multiplexing and encryption, anti-counterfeiting, dual-channel display for virtual/augmented reality, and many other related fields.
