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Ali Akgul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Turkey), a city on the silk road where cultures meet
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2018Co-Authors: Ali Akgul, Serdar G. Senol, Hasan Yildirim, Ozcan Secmen, Yunus DoganAbstract:Background Studies of ethnobotanical usages in south-eastern Turkey are rare. To widen this field of knowledge, we conducted an ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Mardin Province), Turkey. Methods The field study was completed during three years (2007–2010). Our aim was to document the ethnobotanical uses of local plants and to make an ethnobotanical inventory of uncommon plants using qualitative interviews. Results During field studies, 368 voucher specimens were collected in the investigated area. Ninety-two traditionally used plant species were reported from Midyat and surrounding vicinities in Turkey. Among the 92 taxa (129 usages), 35% were used for medical purposes, 22% for food, 13% for animal fodder, 7% as ornamental plants and dyes, 6% as brooms, 4% for latex and as fragrance, 4% for herbal tea, molasses and wine preparation, 3% for agricultural purposes, and 6% for other purposes. Comparative assessment showed that Teucrium polium (0.51), Matricaria aurea (0.26), Alcea setosa (0.21), and Malva neglecta (0.21) have the highest recorded UVs_, and the following taxa had UVs between 0.10–0.20: Anthemis cotula (0.12), Allium cepa (0.13), Alcea striata subsp. striata (0.14), Crupina crupinastrum (0.12), Papaver rhoeas (0.13), Salvia multicaulis (0.14), Thymbra spicata (0.11), and Vicia pannonica subsp. striata (0.15). We reported the ethnobotanical usages of 21 taxa for the first time, in addition to indicating usages previously recorded in the literature. We also recorded four endemic plant usages in the area: Alkanna trichophila var. mardinensis , Centaurea kurdica , Centaurea stapfiana , and Sideritis libanotica subsp. linearis . They have variable leaf and flower morphology that are used traditionally. They are present as well-developed populations and thus their conservation status is not compromised. Additionally, Thymbra sintenisii is a recorded species that is classified as a rare and extensively used species in the region. Conclusions These results contribute to the fundamental knowledge of ethnobotanical usages in Midyat. To date, ethnobotanical studies have not been carried out in this region. This investigation uncovered usages of endemic medicinal plant species and traditional knowledge of Midyat communities living in a mixed culture. The people of Midyat, Batman, and Şırnak are Turkish citizens from various ethnic backgrounds, such as Kurdish, Arabic, and Syriac. We compared our data with results from other studies conducted in Turkey, particularly in south-eastern and eastern regions, as well as with studies from bordering countries, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Iran. Nonetheless, more work needs to be conducted to extend the present knowledge for locals to contribute to and evaluate economic potential in the region.
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An ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Turkey), a city on the silk road where cultures meet
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2018Co-Authors: Ali Akgul, Serdar G. Senol, Hasan Yildirim, Ozcan Secmen, Yunus DoganAbstract:Studies of ethnobotanical usages in south-eastern Turkey are rare. To widen this field of knowledge, we conducted an ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Mardin Province), Turkey. The field study was completed during three years (2007–2010). Our aim was to document the ethnobotanical uses of local plants and to make an ethnobotanical inventory of uncommon plants using qualitative interviews. During field studies, 368 voucher specimens were collected in the investigated area. Ninety-two traditionally used plant species were reported from Midyat and surrounding vicinities in Turkey. Among the 92 taxa (129 usages), 35% were used for medical purposes, 22% for food, 13% for animal fodder, 7% as ornamental plants and dyes, 6% as brooms, 4% for latex and as fragrance, 4% for herbal tea, molasses and wine preparation, 3% for agricultural purposes, and 6% for other purposes. Comparative assessment showed that Teucrium polium (0.51), Matricaria aurea (0.26), Alcea setosa (0.21), and Malva neglecta (0.21) have the highest recorded UVs, and the following taxa had UVs between 0.10–0.20: Anthemis cotula (0.12), Allium cepa (0.13), Alcea striata subsp. striata (0.14), Crupina crupinastrum (0.12), Papaver rhoeas (0.13), Salvia multicaulis (0.14), Thymbra spicata (0.11), and Vicia pannonica subsp. striata (0.15). We reported the ethnobotanical usages of 21 taxa for the first time, in addition to indicating usages previously recorded in the literature. We also recorded four endemic plant usages in the area: Alkanna trichophila var. mardinensis, Centaurea kurdica, Centaurea stapfiana, and Sideritis libanotica subsp. linearis. They have variable leaf and flower morphology that are used traditionally. They are present as well-developed populations and thus their conservation status is not compromised. Additionally, Thymbra sintenisii is a recorded species that is classified as a rare and extensively used species in the region. These results contribute to the fundamental knowledge of ethnobotanical usages in Midyat. To date, ethnobotanical studies have not been carried out in this region. This investigation uncovered usages of endemic medicinal plant species and traditional knowledge of Midyat communities living in a mixed culture. The people of Midyat, Batman, and Şirnak are Turkish citizens from various ethnic backgrounds, such as Kurdish, Arabic, and Syriac. We compared our data with results from other studies conducted in Turkey, particularly in south-eastern and eastern regions, as well as with studies from bordering countries, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Iran. Nonetheless, more work needs to be conducted to extend the present knowledge for locals to contribute to and evaluate economic potential in the region.
Yunus Dogan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Turkey), a city on the silk road where cultures meet
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2018Co-Authors: Ali Akgul, Serdar G. Senol, Hasan Yildirim, Ozcan Secmen, Yunus DoganAbstract:Background Studies of ethnobotanical usages in south-eastern Turkey are rare. To widen this field of knowledge, we conducted an ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Mardin Province), Turkey. Methods The field study was completed during three years (2007–2010). Our aim was to document the ethnobotanical uses of local plants and to make an ethnobotanical inventory of uncommon plants using qualitative interviews. Results During field studies, 368 voucher specimens were collected in the investigated area. Ninety-two traditionally used plant species were reported from Midyat and surrounding vicinities in Turkey. Among the 92 taxa (129 usages), 35% were used for medical purposes, 22% for food, 13% for animal fodder, 7% as ornamental plants and dyes, 6% as brooms, 4% for latex and as fragrance, 4% for herbal tea, molasses and wine preparation, 3% for agricultural purposes, and 6% for other purposes. Comparative assessment showed that Teucrium polium (0.51), Matricaria aurea (0.26), Alcea setosa (0.21), and Malva neglecta (0.21) have the highest recorded UVs_, and the following taxa had UVs between 0.10–0.20: Anthemis cotula (0.12), Allium cepa (0.13), Alcea striata subsp. striata (0.14), Crupina crupinastrum (0.12), Papaver rhoeas (0.13), Salvia multicaulis (0.14), Thymbra spicata (0.11), and Vicia pannonica subsp. striata (0.15). We reported the ethnobotanical usages of 21 taxa for the first time, in addition to indicating usages previously recorded in the literature. We also recorded four endemic plant usages in the area: Alkanna trichophila var. mardinensis , Centaurea kurdica , Centaurea stapfiana , and Sideritis libanotica subsp. linearis . They have variable leaf and flower morphology that are used traditionally. They are present as well-developed populations and thus their conservation status is not compromised. Additionally, Thymbra sintenisii is a recorded species that is classified as a rare and extensively used species in the region. Conclusions These results contribute to the fundamental knowledge of ethnobotanical usages in Midyat. To date, ethnobotanical studies have not been carried out in this region. This investigation uncovered usages of endemic medicinal plant species and traditional knowledge of Midyat communities living in a mixed culture. The people of Midyat, Batman, and Şırnak are Turkish citizens from various ethnic backgrounds, such as Kurdish, Arabic, and Syriac. We compared our data with results from other studies conducted in Turkey, particularly in south-eastern and eastern regions, as well as with studies from bordering countries, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Iran. Nonetheless, more work needs to be conducted to extend the present knowledge for locals to contribute to and evaluate economic potential in the region.
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An ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Turkey), a city on the silk road where cultures meet
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2018Co-Authors: Ali Akgul, Serdar G. Senol, Hasan Yildirim, Ozcan Secmen, Yunus DoganAbstract:Studies of ethnobotanical usages in south-eastern Turkey are rare. To widen this field of knowledge, we conducted an ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Mardin Province), Turkey. The field study was completed during three years (2007–2010). Our aim was to document the ethnobotanical uses of local plants and to make an ethnobotanical inventory of uncommon plants using qualitative interviews. During field studies, 368 voucher specimens were collected in the investigated area. Ninety-two traditionally used plant species were reported from Midyat and surrounding vicinities in Turkey. Among the 92 taxa (129 usages), 35% were used for medical purposes, 22% for food, 13% for animal fodder, 7% as ornamental plants and dyes, 6% as brooms, 4% for latex and as fragrance, 4% for herbal tea, molasses and wine preparation, 3% for agricultural purposes, and 6% for other purposes. Comparative assessment showed that Teucrium polium (0.51), Matricaria aurea (0.26), Alcea setosa (0.21), and Malva neglecta (0.21) have the highest recorded UVs, and the following taxa had UVs between 0.10–0.20: Anthemis cotula (0.12), Allium cepa (0.13), Alcea striata subsp. striata (0.14), Crupina crupinastrum (0.12), Papaver rhoeas (0.13), Salvia multicaulis (0.14), Thymbra spicata (0.11), and Vicia pannonica subsp. striata (0.15). We reported the ethnobotanical usages of 21 taxa for the first time, in addition to indicating usages previously recorded in the literature. We also recorded four endemic plant usages in the area: Alkanna trichophila var. mardinensis, Centaurea kurdica, Centaurea stapfiana, and Sideritis libanotica subsp. linearis. They have variable leaf and flower morphology that are used traditionally. They are present as well-developed populations and thus their conservation status is not compromised. Additionally, Thymbra sintenisii is a recorded species that is classified as a rare and extensively used species in the region. These results contribute to the fundamental knowledge of ethnobotanical usages in Midyat. To date, ethnobotanical studies have not been carried out in this region. This investigation uncovered usages of endemic medicinal plant species and traditional knowledge of Midyat communities living in a mixed culture. The people of Midyat, Batman, and Şirnak are Turkish citizens from various ethnic backgrounds, such as Kurdish, Arabic, and Syriac. We compared our data with results from other studies conducted in Turkey, particularly in south-eastern and eastern regions, as well as with studies from bordering countries, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Iran. Nonetheless, more work needs to be conducted to extend the present knowledge for locals to contribute to and evaluate economic potential in the region.
William W Adams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Leaf architectural, vascular and photosynthetic acclimation to temperature in two biennials
Physiologia Plantarum, 2014Co-Authors: Onno Muller, Barbara Demmig-adams, Jared J. Stewart, Christopher M. Cohu, Stephanie K. Polutchko, William W AdamsAbstract:Acclimation of leaf features to growth temperature was investigated in two biennials (whose life cycle spans summer and winter seasons) using different mechanisms of sugar loading into exporting conduits, Verbascum phoeniceum (employs sugar-synthesizing enzymes driving symplastic loading through plasmodesmatal wall pores of phloem cells) and Malva neglecta (likely apoplastic loader transporting sugar via membrane transport proteins of phloem cells). In both species, acclimation to lower temperature involved greater maximal photosynthesis rates and vein density per leaf area in close correlation with modification of minor vein cellular features. While the symplastically loading biennial exhibited adjustments in the size of minor leaf vein cells (consistent with adjustment of the level of sugar-synthesizing enzymes), the putative apoplastic biennial exhibited adjustments in the number of cells (consistent with adjustment of cell membrane area for transporter placement). This upregulation of morphological and anatomical features at lower growth temperature likely contributes to the success of both the species during the winter. Furthermore, while acclimation to low temperature involved greater leaf mass per area in both species, this resulted from greater leaf thickness in V. phoeniceum vs a greater number of mesophyll cells per leaf area in M. neglecta. Both types of adjustments presumably accommodate more chloroplasts per leaf area contributing to photosynthesis. Both biennials exhibited high foliar vein densities (particularly the solar-tracking M. neglecta), which should aid both sugar export from and delivery of water to the leaves.
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Photosynthesis and Photoprotection in Overwintering Plants
Plant Biology, 2002Co-Authors: William W Adams, Barbara Demmig-adams, Todd N. Rosenstiel, A. K. Brightwell, Volker EbbertAbstract:: Seasonal differences in the capacity of photosynthetic electron transport, leaf pigment composition, xanthophyll cycle characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence emission were investigated in two biennial mesophytes (Malva neglecta and Verbascum thapsus) that grow in full sunlight, and in leaves/needles of sun and shade populations of several broad-leafed evergreens and conifers (Vinca minor, Euonymus kiautschovicus, Mahonia repens, Pseudotsuga menziesii [Douglas fir], and Pinus ponderosa). Both mesophytic species maintained or upregulated photosynthetic capacity in the winter and exhibited no upregulation of photoprotection. In contrast, photosynthetic capacity was downregulated in sun leaves/needles of V. minor, Douglas fir, and Ponderosa pine, and even in shade needles of Douglas fir. Interestingly, photosynthetic capacity was upregulated during the winter in shade leaves/needles of V. minor, Ponderosa pine and Euonymus kiautschovicus. Nocturnal retention of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin, and their sustained engagement in a state primed for energy dissipation, were observed largely in the leaves/needles of sun-exposed evergreen species during winter. Factors that may contribute to these differing responses to winter stress, including chloroplast redox state, the relative levels of source and sink activity at the whole plant level, and apoplastic versus symplastic phloem loading, are discussed.
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the xanthophyll cycle and acclimation of pinus ponderosa and Malva neglecta to winter stress
Oecologia, 1999Co-Authors: Amy S Verhoeven, William W Adams, Barbara DemmigadamsAbstract:Seasonal differences in the efficiency of open PSII units (Fv/Fm), leaf pigment composition and xanthophyll cycle conversion (Z+A)/(V+A+Z), leaf adenylate status, and photosynthetic capacity were investigated in Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa pine) and Malva neglecta. In P. ponderosa, acclimation to winter involved a lower photosynthetic capacity, higher carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio, persistent reductions in Fv/Fm corresponding to persistent retention of Z+A, and no change in foliar ATP/ADP ratios. In contrast, M. neglecta characterized in winter exhibited higher rates of photosynthesis than in summer with no change in carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio, while small nocturnally persistent reductions in Fv/Fm were observed exclusively on colder winter nights when nocturnal retention of Z+A, and high ATP/ADP ratios were also present. Upon removal of winter-stressed leaves or needles from the field to room temperature, a portion of Fv/Fm relaxed within 15 min of warming and recovery was completed within 5 h in M. neglecta but required 100 h in P. ponderosa. In M. neglecta, the entire recovery of Fv/Fm correlated with decreases in the foliar ATP/ADP ratio, while in P. ponderosa this ratio remained unchanged. Possible ATP-dependent forms of sustained (Z+A)-dependent energy dissipation are discussed including a nocturnally retained pH gradient on cold winter nights. The slow recovery in pine involved not only retention of Z+A, but apparently also a persistent engagement of Z+A for energy dissipation via an unidentified mechanism.
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Close relationship between the state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments and photosystem II efficiency during recovery from winter stress
Physiologia Plantarum, 1996Co-Authors: Amy S Verhoeven, William W Adams, Barbara Demmig-adamsAbstract:The potential involvement of the xanthophyll cycle in photoprotection of overwintering evergreen plants was investigated. Leaves from five evergreen species, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus ponderosa, Euonymus kiautschovicus, Mahonia repens and Malva neglecta, were collected from the field predawn during winter and transferred to the laboratory where chlorophyll fluorescence emission as well as the chlorophyll and carotenoid composition were ascertained periodically for 4.5 days. Leaves and needles from all species were found to have retained large amounts of the xanthophyll cycle pigments zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin, and they exhibited sustained low values of the intrinsic efficiency of photosystem II (PSII; measured as the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence, F v /F m ) upon collection. The increase in PSII efficiency was biphasic, with a rapid phase (requiring several hours) and a slow phase (requiring several days). Changes in the conversion state of the xanthophyll cycle were found to correlate with increases in PSII efficiency in both phases, with the latter phase involving large increases in both F m (maximal fluorescence) and F o (minimal fluorescence) throughout the period of recovery. The relationship between F m quenching (expressed as nonphotochemical or Stern-Volmer quenching [NPQ] of F m , i.e. F m /F m ' -1) and F o quenching (F o F o '-1) was linear, as expected for changes in xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation in the antenna complexes. Furthermore, the relationship between F v /F m and NPQ during recovery followed the theoretical relationship predicted for changes in the rate constant for energy dissipation in the antenna complexes. This fit between the theoretical relationship and the actual data indicates that all changes in NPQ or F v /F m can be accounted for by changes in this rate constant. The results suggest a role for the photoprotective xanthophyll cycle-dependent dissipation process in the lowered efficiency of PSII observed in cold-stressed evergreen plants in the field.
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Operation of the xanthophyll cycle in higher plants in response to diurnal changes in incident sunlight
Planta, 1992Co-Authors: William W Adams, Barbara Demmig-adamsAbstract:Changes in the carotenoid composition of leaves in response to diurnal changes in sunlight were determined in the crop species Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower), Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin), and Cucumls sativus L. (cucumber), in the diaheliotropic mesophyte Malva neglecta Wallr., and in the perennial shrub Euonymus kiautschovicus Loesner. Large daily changes were observed in the relative proportions of the components of the xanthophyll cycle, violaxanthin (V), antheraxanthin (A), and zeaxanthin (Z) in plants grown in full sunlight. In all leaves large amounts of Z were formed at peak irradiance, with the changes in Z content closely following changes in incident photon flux density (PFD) over the course of the day. All leaves also contained large total pools of the three xanthophyll-cycle components. However, the extent to which the V pool present at dawn became de-epoxidized during the day varied widely among leaves, from a 27% decrease in M. neglecta to a 90% decrease in E. kiautschovicus . The largest amounts of Z and the lowest amounts of V at peak irradiance (full sunlight) were observed in the species with the lower rates of photosynthesis (particularly in E. kiautschovicus and pumpkin), and smaller amounts of Z and a lesser decrease in V content were found at peak irradiance in those species with the higher rates of photosynthesis (particularly in M. neglecta and sunflower). In all species some Z was present in the leaves prior to sunrise. Furthermore, in individuals of sunflower, pumpkin, and cucumber grown at 85% of full sunlight and transferred to full sunlight, a further increase in the already large pool of the xanthophyll-cycle pigments occurred over the course of 1 d.
Barbara Demmig-adams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Leaf architectural, vascular and photosynthetic acclimation to temperature in two biennials
Physiologia Plantarum, 2014Co-Authors: Onno Muller, Barbara Demmig-adams, Jared J. Stewart, Christopher M. Cohu, Stephanie K. Polutchko, William W AdamsAbstract:Acclimation of leaf features to growth temperature was investigated in two biennials (whose life cycle spans summer and winter seasons) using different mechanisms of sugar loading into exporting conduits, Verbascum phoeniceum (employs sugar-synthesizing enzymes driving symplastic loading through plasmodesmatal wall pores of phloem cells) and Malva neglecta (likely apoplastic loader transporting sugar via membrane transport proteins of phloem cells). In both species, acclimation to lower temperature involved greater maximal photosynthesis rates and vein density per leaf area in close correlation with modification of minor vein cellular features. While the symplastically loading biennial exhibited adjustments in the size of minor leaf vein cells (consistent with adjustment of the level of sugar-synthesizing enzymes), the putative apoplastic biennial exhibited adjustments in the number of cells (consistent with adjustment of cell membrane area for transporter placement). This upregulation of morphological and anatomical features at lower growth temperature likely contributes to the success of both the species during the winter. Furthermore, while acclimation to low temperature involved greater leaf mass per area in both species, this resulted from greater leaf thickness in V. phoeniceum vs a greater number of mesophyll cells per leaf area in M. neglecta. Both types of adjustments presumably accommodate more chloroplasts per leaf area contributing to photosynthesis. Both biennials exhibited high foliar vein densities (particularly the solar-tracking M. neglecta), which should aid both sugar export from and delivery of water to the leaves.
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Photosynthesis and Photoprotection in Overwintering Plants
Plant Biology, 2002Co-Authors: William W Adams, Barbara Demmig-adams, Todd N. Rosenstiel, A. K. Brightwell, Volker EbbertAbstract:: Seasonal differences in the capacity of photosynthetic electron transport, leaf pigment composition, xanthophyll cycle characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence emission were investigated in two biennial mesophytes (Malva neglecta and Verbascum thapsus) that grow in full sunlight, and in leaves/needles of sun and shade populations of several broad-leafed evergreens and conifers (Vinca minor, Euonymus kiautschovicus, Mahonia repens, Pseudotsuga menziesii [Douglas fir], and Pinus ponderosa). Both mesophytic species maintained or upregulated photosynthetic capacity in the winter and exhibited no upregulation of photoprotection. In contrast, photosynthetic capacity was downregulated in sun leaves/needles of V. minor, Douglas fir, and Ponderosa pine, and even in shade needles of Douglas fir. Interestingly, photosynthetic capacity was upregulated during the winter in shade leaves/needles of V. minor, Ponderosa pine and Euonymus kiautschovicus. Nocturnal retention of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin, and their sustained engagement in a state primed for energy dissipation, were observed largely in the leaves/needles of sun-exposed evergreen species during winter. Factors that may contribute to these differing responses to winter stress, including chloroplast redox state, the relative levels of source and sink activity at the whole plant level, and apoplastic versus symplastic phloem loading, are discussed.
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Close relationship between the state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments and photosystem II efficiency during recovery from winter stress
Physiologia Plantarum, 1996Co-Authors: Amy S Verhoeven, William W Adams, Barbara Demmig-adamsAbstract:The potential involvement of the xanthophyll cycle in photoprotection of overwintering evergreen plants was investigated. Leaves from five evergreen species, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus ponderosa, Euonymus kiautschovicus, Mahonia repens and Malva neglecta, were collected from the field predawn during winter and transferred to the laboratory where chlorophyll fluorescence emission as well as the chlorophyll and carotenoid composition were ascertained periodically for 4.5 days. Leaves and needles from all species were found to have retained large amounts of the xanthophyll cycle pigments zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin, and they exhibited sustained low values of the intrinsic efficiency of photosystem II (PSII; measured as the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence, F v /F m ) upon collection. The increase in PSII efficiency was biphasic, with a rapid phase (requiring several hours) and a slow phase (requiring several days). Changes in the conversion state of the xanthophyll cycle were found to correlate with increases in PSII efficiency in both phases, with the latter phase involving large increases in both F m (maximal fluorescence) and F o (minimal fluorescence) throughout the period of recovery. The relationship between F m quenching (expressed as nonphotochemical or Stern-Volmer quenching [NPQ] of F m , i.e. F m /F m ' -1) and F o quenching (F o F o '-1) was linear, as expected for changes in xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation in the antenna complexes. Furthermore, the relationship between F v /F m and NPQ during recovery followed the theoretical relationship predicted for changes in the rate constant for energy dissipation in the antenna complexes. This fit between the theoretical relationship and the actual data indicates that all changes in NPQ or F v /F m can be accounted for by changes in this rate constant. The results suggest a role for the photoprotective xanthophyll cycle-dependent dissipation process in the lowered efficiency of PSII observed in cold-stressed evergreen plants in the field.
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Operation of the xanthophyll cycle in higher plants in response to diurnal changes in incident sunlight
Planta, 1992Co-Authors: William W Adams, Barbara Demmig-adamsAbstract:Changes in the carotenoid composition of leaves in response to diurnal changes in sunlight were determined in the crop species Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower), Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin), and Cucumls sativus L. (cucumber), in the diaheliotropic mesophyte Malva neglecta Wallr., and in the perennial shrub Euonymus kiautschovicus Loesner. Large daily changes were observed in the relative proportions of the components of the xanthophyll cycle, violaxanthin (V), antheraxanthin (A), and zeaxanthin (Z) in plants grown in full sunlight. In all leaves large amounts of Z were formed at peak irradiance, with the changes in Z content closely following changes in incident photon flux density (PFD) over the course of the day. All leaves also contained large total pools of the three xanthophyll-cycle components. However, the extent to which the V pool present at dawn became de-epoxidized during the day varied widely among leaves, from a 27% decrease in M. neglecta to a 90% decrease in E. kiautschovicus . The largest amounts of Z and the lowest amounts of V at peak irradiance (full sunlight) were observed in the species with the lower rates of photosynthesis (particularly in E. kiautschovicus and pumpkin), and smaller amounts of Z and a lesser decrease in V content were found at peak irradiance in those species with the higher rates of photosynthesis (particularly in M. neglecta and sunflower). In all species some Z was present in the leaves prior to sunrise. Furthermore, in individuals of sunflower, pumpkin, and cucumber grown at 85% of full sunlight and transferred to full sunlight, a further increase in the already large pool of the xanthophyll-cycle pigments occurred over the course of 1 d.
Abdullah Dalar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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health attributes of ethnic vegetables consumed in the eastern anatolia region of turkey antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties
Journal of Ethnic Foods, 2016Co-Authors: Abdullah Dalar, Musa Turker, Yusuf Uzun, Muzaffer Mukemre, Izabela KonczakAbstract:Abstract Background Four ethnic vegetables from the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, Malva neglecta Wallr., Plantago lanceolata L., Cichorium intybus L. and Eryngium bornmuelleri Nab. are commonly used by the local population for food preparation. This study aimed at understanding their potential health attributes. Methods Hydrophilic extracts obtained from roots, stems, leaves and flowers were evaluated for their antioxidant capacities [total phenolics (TP), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays] and suppression of two isolated key enzymes relevant to metabolic syndrome: α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Phytochemical composition of extracts was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results The evaluated extracts exhibited pronounced antioxidant capacities, comparable to those of common spices and herbs, and effectively suppressed the activities of isolated α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase enzymes. These activities correlated well with total phenolics contents. Plantago lanceolata was an effective inhibitor of α-glucosidase and C. intybus of pancreatic lipase enzyme. High performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analyses revealed the dominance of luteolin glycosides in P. lanceolata . The same compound was present in C . intybus, where it was accompanied by significant amounts of cichoric, chlorogenic and caftaric acid. Malva neglecta and E. bornmuelleri contained the lowest levels of phenolic compounds and exhibited the lowest antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. Conclusions Among the investigated ethnic vegetables, P. lanceolata and C. intybus represent a valuable source of antioxidant phytochemicals of phenolic nature that modulated in vitro the activities of digestive enzymes. These ethnic food sources diversify diet and enhance health attributes of foods.
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In vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties and phenolic composition of M. neglecta Wallr. (Malvaceae) fruit: A traditional medicinal fruit from Eastern Anatolia
Industrial Crops and Products, 2013Co-Authors: Musa Turker, Abdullah DalarAbstract:Abstract Malva neglecta Wallr. (Malvaceae) fruit is an edible traditional medicinal plant used in Eastern Anatolia to cure multiple medical conditions such as asthma, stomach ache, diarrhoea, etc. In this study, lyophilized ethanol-based hydrophilic extract was investigated for total phenolic content and phenolic composition using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, in vitro antioxidant capacity (FCR, FRAP and ORAC assays) and enzyme inhibitory activities. Ethanol-based hydrophilic extract prepared from M. neglecta fruit was identified as a rich source of phenolic compounds, exhibited pronounced Folin–Ciocalteu reducing activity (12.8 ± 0.7 mg gallic acid Eq./g DW), ferric reducing antioxidant power (174.3 ± 9.8 μmol Fe2+/g DW) and oxygen radical scavenging activity (1656.9 ± 69.7 μmol Trolox Eq./g DW) and weakly suppressed the activity of α-amylase (IC50: 15.2 ± 0.8 mg/ml), α-glucosidase (IC50: 14.19 ± 0.10 mg/ml) and pancreatic lipase (IC50: 17.55 ± 0.20 mg/ml). Flavonoid glycosides were tentatively detected as the major phenolic compounds. Furthermore, traces of rutin, chlorogenic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid-O-hexoside were also detected in the extract. High levels of antioxidant capacities and complex mixture of phenolic compounds of M. neglecta fruit revealed that this fruit might be a good source for natural antioxidants.
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antioxidant capacity and phenolic constituents of Malva neglecta wallr and plantago lanceolata l from eastern anatolia region of turkey
Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Abdullah Dalar, Musa Turker, Izabela KonczakAbstract:Abstract Plantago lanceolata and Malva neglecta are two plants from eastern regions of Turkey used by the local population to cure multiple medical conditions, such as promoting maturation of abscesses, wound healing, abdominal pains and cancer. Both plants exhibited high oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC assay) and total reducing capacity (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP assay), comparable to or higher than herbs such as rosehip, cinnamon or oregano and multiple Chinese medicinal plants. Phenolic compounds were the major constituents of hydrophilic extracts and their levels correlated well with antioxidant activities. Leaf and flower/fruit, which are predominantly used as a medicine, contained the highest levels of phenolics, and comprised predominantly flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. This may suggest that flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids play an essential role as physiologically active constituents of these traditional medicinal plants.