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David A. Baum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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structure development and evolution of the androecium in adansonieae core bombacoideae Malvaceae s l
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2008Co-Authors: Heidrun Janka, Joao Semir, William S. Alverson, David A. Baum, Maria Von Balthazar, Clemens BayerAbstract:Androecium development and vasculature were studied in nine species of the Adansonieae clade (core Bombacoideae, Malvaceae s.l.). In early androecium development either distinct pentagonal androecial ring walls or five common petal/androecium primordia are present. Ring walls give rise to five antepetalous and five alternipetalous primary androecial primordia. Common primordia divide into peripheral petal primordia and antepetalous primary androecial primordia. Antepetalous primary androecial primordia split anticlinally into ten primordia-halves, on which secondary androecial primordia are initiated in a centrifugal succession. Androecial lobes are formed by fusion of an alternipetalous primary androecial primordium and its two neighbouring antepetalous primary primordia-halves, a pattern that also occurs in other Malvatheca. Later, tertiary androecial primordia are formed by the subdivision of secondary androecial primordia (except in Adansonia and Ceiba). Each tertiary primordium differentiates into a two-locular androecial unit. At anthesis these two-locular androecial units are often present in pairs, corresponding to the two halves of the same secondary androecial primordium. Androecium development and vasculature imply that the alternipetalous androecial sectors have been reduced in Bombacoideae, a tendency that is shared with other subfamilies of Malvaceae.
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phylogenetic analysis of the malvadendrina clade Malvaceae s l based on plastid dna sequences
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2005Co-Authors: Reto Nyffeler, William S. Alverson, Clemens Bayer, Mark W Chase, Alan Yen, Barbara A Whitlock, David A. BaumAbstract:Abstract Phylogenetic relationships within Malvaceae s.l., a clade that includes the traditional families Bombacaceae, Malvaceae s.str., Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae, have become greatly clarified thanks to recent molecular systematic research. In this paper, we use DNA sequences of four plastid regions ( atpB , matK , ndhF , and rbcL ) to study relationships within Malvadendrina, one of the two major clades of Malvaceae s.l. The four data sets were generally in agreement, but five terminal taxa manifested highly unexpected affinities in the rbcL partition, and the non-coding sequences of the trnK intron were found to provide limited phylogenetic information for resolving relationships at the base of Malvadendrina. The remaining data strongly support the existence of six major clades within Malvadendrina: Brownlowioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae, Malvatheca (comprising Bombacoideae and Malvoideae), Sterculioideae, and Tilioideae. These data also resolve the placement of two problematic taxa: Nesogordonia (in Dombeyoideae) and Mortoniodendron (in Tilioideae). The relationships among the six clades are not definitively resolved, but the best-supported topology has Dombeyoideae as sister to the remainder of Malvadendrina (posterior probability PP = 80 % ) and Sterculioideae as sister to Malvatheca ( PP = 86 % ). This early branching position of Dombeyoideae is supported by similarities in floral characters between members of that clade and outgroup taxa in Byttnerioideae. Similarly, the sister-group relationship of Sterculioideae and Malvatheca receives support from androecial characteristics, like subsessile or sessile anthers and an absence of staminodes, shared by these two clades.
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phylogenetic relationships of malvatheca bombacoideae and malvoideae Malvaceae sensu lato as inferred from plastid dna sequences
American Journal of Botany, 2004Co-Authors: William S. Alverson, David A. Baum, Reto Nyffeler, Alan Yen, Barbara A Whitlock, Stacey D Smith, Rebecca L OldhamAbstract:Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed that elements of the former families Malvaceae sensu stricto and Bombacaceae together form a well-supported clade that has been named Malvatheca. Within Malvatheca, two major lineages have been observed; one, Bombacoideae, corresponds approximately to the palmate-leaved Bombacaceae, and the other, Malvoideae, includes the traditional Malvaceae (the mallows or Eumalvoideae). However, the composition of these two groups and their relationships to other elements of Malvatheca remain a source of uncertainty. Sequence data from two plastid regions, ndhF and trnK/matK, from 34 exemplars of Malvatheca and six outgroups were analyzed. Parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of the sequence data provided a well-resolved phylogeny except that relationships among five lineages at the base of Malvatheca are poorly resolved. Nonetheless, a 6-bp insertion in matK suggests that Fremontodendreae is sister to the remainder of Malvatheca. Our results suggest that the Malvoideae originated in the Neotropics and that a mangrove taxon dispersed across the Pacific from South America to Australasia and later radiated out of Australasia to give rise to the ca. 1700 living species of Eumalvoideae. Local clock analyses imply that the plastid genome underwent accelerated molecular evolution coincident with the dispersal out of the Americas and again with the radiation into the three major clades of Eumalvoideae.
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comparative floral development and androecium structure in malvoideae Malvaceae s l
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2004Co-Authors: Maria Von Balthazar, William S. Alverson, Jürg Schönenberger, David A. BaumAbstract:Floral development and androecium structure were studied in eight genera of the Malvoideae (Malvaceae s.l.). All core Malvoideae (Malvaceae s.s.) share a uniform pattern of floral development and have several characteristic androecium structures in common. A corolla/androecium ring wall is formed and subsequently differentiated into five androecial sectors (=primary androecial primordia) that give rise to the androecium and corolla. Petals are developed at the base of the androecial sectors and are shifted slightly clockwise or counterclockwise relative to the androecial sector. Secondary androecial primordia are initiated centrifugally in two rows on each sector in an alternate pattern. The first secondary androecial primordium is initiated on the opposite side of the androecial sector from the petal. The secondary androecial primordia later subdivide longitudinally and differentiate into functional androecial units, which each have a two‐locular theca with a single longitudinal dehiscence zone. In some ...
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circumscription of the malvales and relationships to other rosidae evidence from rbcl sequence data
American Journal of Botany, 1998Co-Authors: William S. Alverson, David A. Baum, Mark W Chase, Kenneth G Karol, Susan M Swensen, Richard M Mccourt, Kenneth J SytsmaAbstract:The order Malvales remains poorly circumscribed, despite its seemingly indisputable core constituents: Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae. We conducted a two-step parsimony analysis on 125 rbcL sequences to clarify the composition of Malvales, to determine the relationships of some controversial families, and to identify the placement of the Malvales within Rosidae. We sampled taxa that have been previously suggested to be within, or close to, Malvales (83 sequences), plus additional rosids (26 sequences) and nonrosid eudicots (16 sequences) to provide a broader framework for the analysis. The resulting trees strongly support the monophyly of the core malvalean families, listed above. In addition, these data serve to identify a broader group of taxa that are closely associated with the core families. This expanded malvalean clade is composed of four major subclades: (1) the core families (Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae); (2) Bixaceae, Cochlospermaceae, and Sphaerosepalaceae (Rhopalocarpaceae); (3) Thymelaeaceae sensu lato (s.l.); and (4) Cistaceae, Dipterocarpaceae s.l., Sarcolaenaceae (Chlaenaceae), and Muntingia. In addition, Neurada (Neuradaceae or Rosaceae) falls in the expanded malvalean clade but not clearly within any of the four major subclades. This expanded malvalean clade is sister to either the expanded capparalean clade of Rodman et al. or the sapindalean clade of Gadek et al. Members of Elaeocarpaceae, hypothesized by most authors as a sister group to the four core malvalean families, are shown to not fall close to these taxa. Also excluded as members of, or sister groups to, the expanded malvalean clade were the families Aextoxicaceae, Barbeyaceae, Cannabinaceae, Cecropiaceae, Dichapetalaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Euphorbiaceae s.l., Huaceae, Lecythidaceae, Moraceae s.l., Pandaceae, Plagiopteraceae, Rhamnaceae, Scytopetalaceae, Ulmaceae, and Urticaceae. The order Malvales, as traditionally circumscribed, includes four core families, Bombacaceae (;250 spp.), Malvaceae (1500 spp.), Sterculiaceae (1000 spp.), and Tiliaceae (400 spp.), plus from one to eight other families depending upon author (Takhtajan, 1987, 1997; Cronquist, 1988; Dahlgren, 1989; Thorne, 1992). Considering only the core four families, the order comprises predominantly woody and tropical trees, including several economically important genera such as cotton (Gossypium
William S. Alverson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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structure development and evolution of the androecium in adansonieae core bombacoideae Malvaceae s l
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2008Co-Authors: Heidrun Janka, Joao Semir, William S. Alverson, David A. Baum, Maria Von Balthazar, Clemens BayerAbstract:Androecium development and vasculature were studied in nine species of the Adansonieae clade (core Bombacoideae, Malvaceae s.l.). In early androecium development either distinct pentagonal androecial ring walls or five common petal/androecium primordia are present. Ring walls give rise to five antepetalous and five alternipetalous primary androecial primordia. Common primordia divide into peripheral petal primordia and antepetalous primary androecial primordia. Antepetalous primary androecial primordia split anticlinally into ten primordia-halves, on which secondary androecial primordia are initiated in a centrifugal succession. Androecial lobes are formed by fusion of an alternipetalous primary androecial primordium and its two neighbouring antepetalous primary primordia-halves, a pattern that also occurs in other Malvatheca. Later, tertiary androecial primordia are formed by the subdivision of secondary androecial primordia (except in Adansonia and Ceiba). Each tertiary primordium differentiates into a two-locular androecial unit. At anthesis these two-locular androecial units are often present in pairs, corresponding to the two halves of the same secondary androecial primordium. Androecium development and vasculature imply that the alternipetalous androecial sectors have been reduced in Bombacoideae, a tendency that is shared with other subfamilies of Malvaceae.
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phylogenetic analysis of the malvadendrina clade Malvaceae s l based on plastid dna sequences
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2005Co-Authors: Reto Nyffeler, William S. Alverson, Clemens Bayer, Mark W Chase, Alan Yen, Barbara A Whitlock, David A. BaumAbstract:Abstract Phylogenetic relationships within Malvaceae s.l., a clade that includes the traditional families Bombacaceae, Malvaceae s.str., Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae, have become greatly clarified thanks to recent molecular systematic research. In this paper, we use DNA sequences of four plastid regions ( atpB , matK , ndhF , and rbcL ) to study relationships within Malvadendrina, one of the two major clades of Malvaceae s.l. The four data sets were generally in agreement, but five terminal taxa manifested highly unexpected affinities in the rbcL partition, and the non-coding sequences of the trnK intron were found to provide limited phylogenetic information for resolving relationships at the base of Malvadendrina. The remaining data strongly support the existence of six major clades within Malvadendrina: Brownlowioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae, Malvatheca (comprising Bombacoideae and Malvoideae), Sterculioideae, and Tilioideae. These data also resolve the placement of two problematic taxa: Nesogordonia (in Dombeyoideae) and Mortoniodendron (in Tilioideae). The relationships among the six clades are not definitively resolved, but the best-supported topology has Dombeyoideae as sister to the remainder of Malvadendrina (posterior probability PP = 80 % ) and Sterculioideae as sister to Malvatheca ( PP = 86 % ). This early branching position of Dombeyoideae is supported by similarities in floral characters between members of that clade and outgroup taxa in Byttnerioideae. Similarly, the sister-group relationship of Sterculioideae and Malvatheca receives support from androecial characteristics, like subsessile or sessile anthers and an absence of staminodes, shared by these two clades.
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phylogenetic relationships of malvatheca bombacoideae and malvoideae Malvaceae sensu lato as inferred from plastid dna sequences
American Journal of Botany, 2004Co-Authors: William S. Alverson, David A. Baum, Reto Nyffeler, Alan Yen, Barbara A Whitlock, Stacey D Smith, Rebecca L OldhamAbstract:Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed that elements of the former families Malvaceae sensu stricto and Bombacaceae together form a well-supported clade that has been named Malvatheca. Within Malvatheca, two major lineages have been observed; one, Bombacoideae, corresponds approximately to the palmate-leaved Bombacaceae, and the other, Malvoideae, includes the traditional Malvaceae (the mallows or Eumalvoideae). However, the composition of these two groups and their relationships to other elements of Malvatheca remain a source of uncertainty. Sequence data from two plastid regions, ndhF and trnK/matK, from 34 exemplars of Malvatheca and six outgroups were analyzed. Parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of the sequence data provided a well-resolved phylogeny except that relationships among five lineages at the base of Malvatheca are poorly resolved. Nonetheless, a 6-bp insertion in matK suggests that Fremontodendreae is sister to the remainder of Malvatheca. Our results suggest that the Malvoideae originated in the Neotropics and that a mangrove taxon dispersed across the Pacific from South America to Australasia and later radiated out of Australasia to give rise to the ca. 1700 living species of Eumalvoideae. Local clock analyses imply that the plastid genome underwent accelerated molecular evolution coincident with the dispersal out of the Americas and again with the radiation into the three major clades of Eumalvoideae.
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comparative floral development and androecium structure in malvoideae Malvaceae s l
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2004Co-Authors: Maria Von Balthazar, William S. Alverson, Jürg Schönenberger, David A. BaumAbstract:Floral development and androecium structure were studied in eight genera of the Malvoideae (Malvaceae s.l.). All core Malvoideae (Malvaceae s.s.) share a uniform pattern of floral development and have several characteristic androecium structures in common. A corolla/androecium ring wall is formed and subsequently differentiated into five androecial sectors (=primary androecial primordia) that give rise to the androecium and corolla. Petals are developed at the base of the androecial sectors and are shifted slightly clockwise or counterclockwise relative to the androecial sector. Secondary androecial primordia are initiated centrifugally in two rows on each sector in an alternate pattern. The first secondary androecial primordium is initiated on the opposite side of the androecial sector from the petal. The secondary androecial primordia later subdivide longitudinally and differentiate into functional androecial units, which each have a two‐locular theca with a single longitudinal dehiscence zone. In some ...
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support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order malvales a combined analysis of plastid atpb and rbcl dna sequences
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 1999Co-Authors: Clemens Bayer, William S. Alverson, Klaus Kubitzki, Michael F Fay, Anette Y De Bruijn, Vincent Savolainen, Cynthia M Morton, Mark W ChaseAbstract:Abstract Sequence analyses of the plastid genes atp B and rbc L support an expanded order Malvales. Within this alliance, core Malvales are clearly supported and comprise most genera that have previously been included in Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Bombacaceae, and Malvaceae. Additional well supported malvalean alliances include the bixalean clade (Bixaceae, Diegodendraceae, and Cochlospermaceae), the cistalean clade (Cistaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, and Sarcolaenaceae) and Thymelaeaceae (including Gonystyloideae and Aquilarioideae). Our results indicate sister-group relationships between (1) Neuradaceae and the cistalean clade; (2) Sphaerosepalaceae and Thymelaeaceae; (3) these two clades (1 and 2); and (4) all these and an alliance comprising the bixalean clade and core Malvales, but this pattern is weakly supported by the bootstrap. The affinities of Muntingiaceae and Petenaea are especially ambiguous, although almost certainly they are Malvales s.l. The traditional delimitation of families within core Malvales is untenable. Instead, we propose to merge Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae and Bombacaceae with Malvaceae and subdivide this enlarged family Malvaceae into nine subfamilies based on molecular, morphological, and biogeographical data: (1) Byttnerioideae, including tribes Byttnerieae, Lasiopetaleae and Theobromeae (all of which have cucullate petals) and Hermannieae; (2) Grewioideae, including most genera of former Tiliaceae; (3) Tilioideae, monogeneric in our analysis; (4) Helicteroideae, comprising most of the taxa previously included in Helictereae, plus Mansonia , Triplochiton (indicating that apocarpy evolved at least twice within Malvaceae) and possibly Durioneae; (5) Sterculioideae, defined by apetalous, apocarpous, usually unisexual flowers with androgynophores; (6) Brownlowioideae, circumscribed as in previous classifications; (7) Dombeyoideae, expanded to include Burretiodendron , Eriolaena , Pterospermum , and Schoutenia ; (8) Bombacoideae, corresponding to former Bombacaceae (without Durioneae) but including Fremontodendreae and Pentaplaris ; (9) Malvoideae, monophyletic but difficult to delimit from Bombacoideae, which with more data and taxon sampling than here might prove to be paraphyletic without Malvoideae.
Guiomar Nuno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Análise dos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento da caatinga em Sobral, Ceará, Brasil
2014Co-Authors: Dias Pereira Clara, Timbó Braga, Petrônio Emanuel, Guiomar NunoAbstract:The present study aimed to identify the flora of several successional stages of the caatinga vegetation changed by human activities. We analyzed the flora of the 8 stations in the municipalities of Sobral, Groaíras and Massapê, in Sobral microregion of the state of Ceará, Brazil, through floristic relevés carried out in March 2014. In each catena of vegetation were recorded all trees, shrubs, vines and herbaceous species. The floristic list is composed of 178 species, distributed in 134 genera and 52 families. 33 Brazilian endemisms have been identified. Fabaceae was the most representative family with 33 species, followed by Poaceae (24), Euphorbiaceae (16), Convolvulaceae (11), Malvaceae (10) and Asteraceae (7). The dominant life forms were the phanerophytes (33%), therophytes (24%) and chamaephytes (21%). To consider the human effect on natural vegetation, from the 8 initial stations, we have selected 3 corresponding to different successional stages of the natural vegetation: “mata raleada“ and “mata aberta” (da Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú - UVA) and “mata pouco alterada” (Lagoa do Peixe in Groaíras, CE).O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a flora de várias etapas evolutivas da vegetação da caatinga alterada pela ação antrópica. Analisou-se a flora de 8 estações nos municípios de Sobral, Groaíras e Massapê, na microrregião de Sobral, no estado do Ceará, através de levantamentos florísticos realizados em março de 2014. Nas catenas de vegetação, foram anotadas todas as árvores, arbustos, lianas e espécies herbáceas. O elenco florístico é composto por 178 espécies, distribuídas por 131 gêneros e 52 famílias. Foram identificadas 33 espécies endêmicas. A Fabaceae foi a família mais representativa com 33 espécies, seguida da Poaceae (24), Euphorbiaceae (16), Convolvulaceae (11), Malvaceaea (10) e Asteraceaea (7). As formas de vida dominantes foram os fanerófilos (33%), terófitos (24%) e caméfitos (21%). A fim de considerar o efeito humano sobre a vegetação natural, das 8 estações iniciais foram selecionadas 3 correspondentes a diferentes estágios de evolução da vegetação natural: “mata raleada” e “mata aberta” (da Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú - UVA) e “mata pouco alterada” (Lagoa do Peixe em Groaíras, CE).El presente artículo objetivó identificar la flora de varias etapas evolutivas de la vegetación de la caatinga cambiada por la acción antrópica. Se analizó la flora de 8 estaciones en los municipios de Sobral, Groaíras y Massapê en la microrregión de Sobral en estado de Ceará, por medio de levantamientos florísticos hechos en marzo de 2014. En las cadenas de vegetación fueron fichados todos los árboles, arbustos, lianas y especies herbáceas. La lista florística es compuesto por 178 especies, distribuidas por 131 géneros y 52 familias. Fueron identificadas 33 especies endémicas. La Fabacea fue la familia más representativa con 33 especies, seguida de la Poaceae (24), Euphorbiaceae (16), Convolvulaceae (11), Malvaceaea (10) e Asteraceaea (7). Las formas de vida dominantes fueron los fanerófilos (33%), terófitas (24%) y caméfitos (21%). Con fin de considerar el efecto humano sobre la vegetación natural, de las 8 estaciones iniciales fueron seleccionadas 3 correspondientes a distintos etapas de evolución de la vegetación natural: "adelgaza bosque" y "bosque abierto" (la Hacienda Experimental de la Universidad Estadual Valle del Acaraú – UVA) y “"mata poco cambiado" (Estanque de peces en Groaíras, CE)
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ANÁLISE DOS DIFERENTES ESTÁDIOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CAATINGA EM SOBRAL, CEARÁ, BRASIL (ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF CAATINGA VEGETATION DEVELOPMENT IN SOBRAL, CEARÁ, BRAZIL)
Revista Casa da Geografia de Sobral. Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, 2014Co-Authors: Pereira Marízia, Braga Petrónio, Guiomar NunoAbstract:Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a flora de várias etapas evolutivas da vegetação da caatinga alterada pela ação antrópica. Analisou-se a flora de 8 estações nos municípios de Sobral, Groaíras e Massapê na microrregião de Sobral no estado do Ceará, através de levantamentos florísticos realizados em março de 2014. Nas catenas de vegetação foram anotadas todas as árvores, arbustos, lianas e espécies herbáceas. O elenco florístico é composto por 178 espécies, distribuídas por 131 gêneros e 52 famílias. Foram identificadas 33 espécies endêmicas. A Fabaceae foi a família mais representativa com 33 espécies, seguida da Poaceae (24), Euphorbiaceae (16), Convolvulaceae (11), Malvaceaea (10) e Asteraceaea (7). As formas de vida dominantes foram os fanerófilos (33%), terófitos (24%) e caméfitos (21%). A fim de considerar o efeito humano sobre a vegetação natural, das 8 estações iniciais foram selecionadas 3 correspondentes a diferentes estádios de evolução da vegetação natural: “mata raleada” e “mata aberta” (da Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú - UVA) e “mata pouco alterada” (Lagoa do Peixe em Groaíras, CE). Abstract: The present study aimed to identify the flora of several successional stages of the caatinga vegetation changed by human activities. We analyzed the flora of the 8 stations in the municipalities of Sobral, Groaíras and Massapê, in Sobral microregion of the state of Ceará, Brazil, through floristic relevés carried out in March 2014. In each catena of vegetation were recorded all trees, shrubs, vines and herbaceous species. The floristic list is composed of 178 species, distributed in 134 genera and 52 families. 33 Brazilian endemisms have been identified. Fabaceae was the most representative family with 33 species, followed by Poaceae (24), Euphorbiaceae (16), Convolvulaceae (11), Malvaceae (10) and Asteraceae (7). The dominant life forms were the phanerophytes (33%), therophytes (24%) and chamaephytes (21%). To consider the human effect on natural vegetation, from the 8 initial stations, we have selected 3 corresponding to different successional stages of the natural vegetation: “mata raleada“ and “mata aberta” (da Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú - UVA) and “mata pouco alterada” (Lagoa do Peixe in Groaíras, CE)
Mark W Chase - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phylogenetic analysis of the malvadendrina clade Malvaceae s l based on plastid dna sequences
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2005Co-Authors: Reto Nyffeler, William S. Alverson, Clemens Bayer, Mark W Chase, Alan Yen, Barbara A Whitlock, David A. BaumAbstract:Abstract Phylogenetic relationships within Malvaceae s.l., a clade that includes the traditional families Bombacaceae, Malvaceae s.str., Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae, have become greatly clarified thanks to recent molecular systematic research. In this paper, we use DNA sequences of four plastid regions ( atpB , matK , ndhF , and rbcL ) to study relationships within Malvadendrina, one of the two major clades of Malvaceae s.l. The four data sets were generally in agreement, but five terminal taxa manifested highly unexpected affinities in the rbcL partition, and the non-coding sequences of the trnK intron were found to provide limited phylogenetic information for resolving relationships at the base of Malvadendrina. The remaining data strongly support the existence of six major clades within Malvadendrina: Brownlowioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae, Malvatheca (comprising Bombacoideae and Malvoideae), Sterculioideae, and Tilioideae. These data also resolve the placement of two problematic taxa: Nesogordonia (in Dombeyoideae) and Mortoniodendron (in Tilioideae). The relationships among the six clades are not definitively resolved, but the best-supported topology has Dombeyoideae as sister to the remainder of Malvadendrina (posterior probability PP = 80 % ) and Sterculioideae as sister to Malvatheca ( PP = 86 % ). This early branching position of Dombeyoideae is supported by similarities in floral characters between members of that clade and outgroup taxa in Byttnerioideae. Similarly, the sister-group relationship of Sterculioideae and Malvatheca receives support from androecial characteristics, like subsessile or sessile anthers and an absence of staminodes, shared by these two clades.
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support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order malvales a combined analysis of plastid atpb and rbcl dna sequences
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 1999Co-Authors: Clemens Bayer, William S. Alverson, Klaus Kubitzki, Michael F Fay, Anette Y De Bruijn, Vincent Savolainen, Cynthia M Morton, Mark W ChaseAbstract:Abstract Sequence analyses of the plastid genes atp B and rbc L support an expanded order Malvales. Within this alliance, core Malvales are clearly supported and comprise most genera that have previously been included in Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Bombacaceae, and Malvaceae. Additional well supported malvalean alliances include the bixalean clade (Bixaceae, Diegodendraceae, and Cochlospermaceae), the cistalean clade (Cistaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, and Sarcolaenaceae) and Thymelaeaceae (including Gonystyloideae and Aquilarioideae). Our results indicate sister-group relationships between (1) Neuradaceae and the cistalean clade; (2) Sphaerosepalaceae and Thymelaeaceae; (3) these two clades (1 and 2); and (4) all these and an alliance comprising the bixalean clade and core Malvales, but this pattern is weakly supported by the bootstrap. The affinities of Muntingiaceae and Petenaea are especially ambiguous, although almost certainly they are Malvales s.l. The traditional delimitation of families within core Malvales is untenable. Instead, we propose to merge Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae and Bombacaceae with Malvaceae and subdivide this enlarged family Malvaceae into nine subfamilies based on molecular, morphological, and biogeographical data: (1) Byttnerioideae, including tribes Byttnerieae, Lasiopetaleae and Theobromeae (all of which have cucullate petals) and Hermannieae; (2) Grewioideae, including most genera of former Tiliaceae; (3) Tilioideae, monogeneric in our analysis; (4) Helicteroideae, comprising most of the taxa previously included in Helictereae, plus Mansonia , Triplochiton (indicating that apocarpy evolved at least twice within Malvaceae) and possibly Durioneae; (5) Sterculioideae, defined by apetalous, apocarpous, usually unisexual flowers with androgynophores; (6) Brownlowioideae, circumscribed as in previous classifications; (7) Dombeyoideae, expanded to include Burretiodendron , Eriolaena , Pterospermum , and Schoutenia ; (8) Bombacoideae, corresponding to former Bombacaceae (without Durioneae) but including Fremontodendreae and Pentaplaris ; (9) Malvoideae, monophyletic but difficult to delimit from Bombacoideae, which with more data and taxon sampling than here might prove to be paraphyletic without Malvoideae.
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circumscription of the malvales and relationships to other rosidae evidence from rbcl sequence data
American Journal of Botany, 1998Co-Authors: William S. Alverson, David A. Baum, Mark W Chase, Kenneth G Karol, Susan M Swensen, Richard M Mccourt, Kenneth J SytsmaAbstract:The order Malvales remains poorly circumscribed, despite its seemingly indisputable core constituents: Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae. We conducted a two-step parsimony analysis on 125 rbcL sequences to clarify the composition of Malvales, to determine the relationships of some controversial families, and to identify the placement of the Malvales within Rosidae. We sampled taxa that have been previously suggested to be within, or close to, Malvales (83 sequences), plus additional rosids (26 sequences) and nonrosid eudicots (16 sequences) to provide a broader framework for the analysis. The resulting trees strongly support the monophyly of the core malvalean families, listed above. In addition, these data serve to identify a broader group of taxa that are closely associated with the core families. This expanded malvalean clade is composed of four major subclades: (1) the core families (Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae); (2) Bixaceae, Cochlospermaceae, and Sphaerosepalaceae (Rhopalocarpaceae); (3) Thymelaeaceae sensu lato (s.l.); and (4) Cistaceae, Dipterocarpaceae s.l., Sarcolaenaceae (Chlaenaceae), and Muntingia. In addition, Neurada (Neuradaceae or Rosaceae) falls in the expanded malvalean clade but not clearly within any of the four major subclades. This expanded malvalean clade is sister to either the expanded capparalean clade of Rodman et al. or the sapindalean clade of Gadek et al. Members of Elaeocarpaceae, hypothesized by most authors as a sister group to the four core malvalean families, are shown to not fall close to these taxa. Also excluded as members of, or sister groups to, the expanded malvalean clade were the families Aextoxicaceae, Barbeyaceae, Cannabinaceae, Cecropiaceae, Dichapetalaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Euphorbiaceae s.l., Huaceae, Lecythidaceae, Moraceae s.l., Pandaceae, Plagiopteraceae, Rhamnaceae, Scytopetalaceae, Ulmaceae, and Urticaceae. The order Malvales, as traditionally circumscribed, includes four core families, Bombacaceae (;250 spp.), Malvaceae (1500 spp.), Sterculiaceae (1000 spp.), and Tiliaceae (400 spp.), plus from one to eight other families depending upon author (Takhtajan, 1987, 1997; Cronquist, 1988; Dahlgren, 1989; Thorne, 1992). Considering only the core four families, the order comprises predominantly woody and tropical trees, including several economically important genera such as cotton (Gossypium
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Notes on mating behaviour and a possible new host plant for Megacyllene angulata (Fabricius, 1775) (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera)
Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Museu de Zoologia (MZUSP)., 2020Co-Authors: Nascimento, Francisco Eriberto De Lima, Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello, Alberto Moreira Da ,silva NetoAbstract:The mating behavior of M. angulata (Fabricius, 1775) is described, illustrated and discussed. Additionally, we also comment on the possible new host plant of this species based on two plants (Luehea cymulosa Spruce ex Benth. (Malvaceae) and Doliocarpus dentatus (Aubl.) Standl (Dilleniaceae) on which copulation occurs
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Notes on mating behaviour and a possible new host plant for megacyllene angulata (Fabricius, 1775) (cerambycidae, coleoptera)
'Universidade de Sao Paulo Agencia USP de Gestao da Informacao Academica (AGUIA)', 2020Co-Authors: Nascimento, Francisco Eriberto De L.l., Mendes, Diego M.m., Alberto Moreira Da ,silva NetoAbstract:The mating behavior of M. angulata (Fabricius, 1775) is described, illustrated and discussed. Additionally, we also comment on the possible new host plant of this species based on two plants (Luehea cymulosa Spruce ex Benth. (Malvaceae) and Doliocarpus dentatus (Aubl.) Standl (Dilleniaceae) on which copulation occurs. © 2020, Universidade de Sao Paulo. All rights reserved