The Experts below are selected from a list of 3162 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
B J Chambers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pathogen survival during livestock Manure storage and following land application
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: F A Nicholson, Simon J Groves, B J ChambersAbstract:This paper reports the first year results of field experiments to determine the survival times of pathogens in livestock Manures during storage and following land application, using viable count methods. E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter survived in stored slurries and dirty water for up to three months, with Listeria surviving for up to three months. In contrast, all these pathogens survived for less than one month in solid Manure heaps where temperatures greater than 55 � Cwere obtained. Following Manure Spreading to land, E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter generally survived in the soil for up to one month after application to both the sandy arable and clay loam grassland soils, whereas Listeria commonly survived for more than one month. These data are being used to develop guidelines on the management of Manures to minimise the risks of pathogen transfer from animal Manures to the human food chain. � 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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pathogen survival during livestock Manure storage and following land application
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: F A Nicholson, Simon J Groves, B J ChambersAbstract:Abstract This paper reports the first year results of field experiments to determine the survival times of pathogens in livestock Manures during storage and following land application, using viable count methods. E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter survived in stored slurries and dirty water for up to three months, with Listeria surviving for up to three months. In contrast, all these pathogens survived for less than one month in solid Manure heaps where temperatures greater than 55 °C were obtained. Following Manure Spreading to land, E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter generally survived in the soil for up to one month after application to both the sandy arable and clay loam grassland soils, whereas Listeria commonly survived for more than one month. These data are being used to develop guidelines on the management of Manures to minimise the risks of pathogen transfer from animal Manures to the human food chain.
F A Nicholson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pathogen survival during livestock Manure storage and following land application
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: F A Nicholson, Simon J Groves, B J ChambersAbstract:This paper reports the first year results of field experiments to determine the survival times of pathogens in livestock Manures during storage and following land application, using viable count methods. E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter survived in stored slurries and dirty water for up to three months, with Listeria surviving for up to three months. In contrast, all these pathogens survived for less than one month in solid Manure heaps where temperatures greater than 55 � Cwere obtained. Following Manure Spreading to land, E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter generally survived in the soil for up to one month after application to both the sandy arable and clay loam grassland soils, whereas Listeria commonly survived for more than one month. These data are being used to develop guidelines on the management of Manures to minimise the risks of pathogen transfer from animal Manures to the human food chain. � 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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pathogen survival during livestock Manure storage and following land application
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: F A Nicholson, Simon J Groves, B J ChambersAbstract:Abstract This paper reports the first year results of field experiments to determine the survival times of pathogens in livestock Manures during storage and following land application, using viable count methods. E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter survived in stored slurries and dirty water for up to three months, with Listeria surviving for up to three months. In contrast, all these pathogens survived for less than one month in solid Manure heaps where temperatures greater than 55 °C were obtained. Following Manure Spreading to land, E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter generally survived in the soil for up to one month after application to both the sandy arable and clay loam grassland soils, whereas Listeria commonly survived for more than one month. These data are being used to develop guidelines on the management of Manures to minimise the risks of pathogen transfer from animal Manures to the human food chain.
T H Misselbrook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Manure management implications for greenhouse gas emissions
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: D Chadwick, S G Sommer, R E Thorman, David Fangueiro, L M Cardenas, T H MisselbrookAbstract:Abstract Slurry, farmyard Manure and poultry Manure are an inevitable consequence of livestock products generated from housed animals. These Manures are recycled back to land for plants to use the nutrients they contain. However, since they contain inorganic N, microbially available sources of C and water, they provide the essential substrates required for the microbial production of N 2 O and CH 4 . These greenhouse gases can be produced and emitted at each stage of the ‘Manure management continuum’, being the livestock building, Manure stores, Manure treatment and Manure Spreading to land. The contribution that Manure management makes to total national agricultural emissions of N 2 O and CH 4 vary, but can exceed 50% in countries reporting to the UNFCCC in 2009. On farm management decisions interact with environmental controls such as temperature and water availability of key microbial processes ( i.e. , nitrification, denitrification, methanogenesis, CH 4 oxidation), affecting the magnitude of emissions from each stage of the Manure management continuum. We review the current understanding of how Manure management influences direct and indirect N 2 O emissions and CH 4 emissions, introduce new data comparing direct N 2 O emissions following Spreading of a range of Manure types by different methods, and highlight some of the mitigations being considered by researchers and policy makers in developed and developing countries. This article is part of the special issue entitled: Greenhouse Gases in Animal Agriculture – Finding a Balance between Food and Emissions, Guest Edited by T.A. McAllister, Section Guest Editors; K.A. Beauchemin, X. Hao, S. McGinn and Editor for Animal Feed Science and Technology, P.H. Robinson .
Barbara Le Bot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Veterinary pharmaceutical contamination in mixed land use watersheds: from agricultural headwater to water monitoring watershed
Science of the Total Environment, 2017Co-Authors: Anne Jaffrézic, Emilie Jardé, A. Soulier, Lucie Carrera, Eric Marengue, A. Cailleau, Barbara Le BotAbstract:Veterinary pharmaceuticals, widely used in intensive livestock production, may contaminate surface waters. Identifying their sources and pathways in watersheds is difficult because i) most veterinary pharmaceuticals are used in human medicine as well and ii) septic or sewer wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) can release pharmaceuticals into surface water, even in agricultural headwater watersheds. This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal variability of animal-specific, mixed-use, and human-specific pharmaceuticals, from agricultural headwaters with intensive livestock production and a WWTP to a watershed used for Water Framework Directive monitoring. Grab sampling was performed during one hydrological year upstream and downstream from a WWTP and at three dates in seven nested watersheds with areas of 1.9-84.1km2. Twenty pharmaceuticals were analyzed. Animal-specific pharmaceuticals were detected at all sampling dates upstream and downstream from the WWTP and at concentrations higher than those of human-specific pharmaceuticals. The predominance of animal-specific and mixed-use pharmaceuticals vs. human-specific pharmaceuticals observed at these sampling points was confirmed at the other sampling points. Animal-specific pharmaceuticals were detected mainly during runoff events and periods of Manure Spreading. A large percentage of mixed-use pharmaceuticals could come from animal sources, but it was difficult to determine. Mixed-use and human-specific pharmaceuticals predominated in the largest watersheds when runoff decreased. In areas of intensive livestock production, mitigation actions should focus on agricultural headwater watersheds to decrease the number of pathways and the transfer volume of veterinary pharmaceuticals, which can be the main contaminants
Simon J Groves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pathogen survival during livestock Manure storage and following land application
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: F A Nicholson, Simon J Groves, B J ChambersAbstract:This paper reports the first year results of field experiments to determine the survival times of pathogens in livestock Manures during storage and following land application, using viable count methods. E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter survived in stored slurries and dirty water for up to three months, with Listeria surviving for up to three months. In contrast, all these pathogens survived for less than one month in solid Manure heaps where temperatures greater than 55 � Cwere obtained. Following Manure Spreading to land, E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter generally survived in the soil for up to one month after application to both the sandy arable and clay loam grassland soils, whereas Listeria commonly survived for more than one month. These data are being used to develop guidelines on the management of Manures to minimise the risks of pathogen transfer from animal Manures to the human food chain. � 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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pathogen survival during livestock Manure storage and following land application
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: F A Nicholson, Simon J Groves, B J ChambersAbstract:Abstract This paper reports the first year results of field experiments to determine the survival times of pathogens in livestock Manures during storage and following land application, using viable count methods. E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter survived in stored slurries and dirty water for up to three months, with Listeria surviving for up to three months. In contrast, all these pathogens survived for less than one month in solid Manure heaps where temperatures greater than 55 °C were obtained. Following Manure Spreading to land, E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter generally survived in the soil for up to one month after application to both the sandy arable and clay loam grassland soils, whereas Listeria commonly survived for more than one month. These data are being used to develop guidelines on the management of Manures to minimise the risks of pathogen transfer from animal Manures to the human food chain.