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Michael Heine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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‘The emblem of one united body … one great sporting Maple Leaf’: The Olympic Games and Canada's quest for self-identity
Sport in Society, 2015Co-Authors: Robert K. Barney, Michael HeineAbstract:For Canadians, the enduring late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century debate between adherents of sustained British imperialism and those champions of Canadian sovereignty closed in December 1964 by dint of a Canadian Parliamentary act establishing a new national symbol, one that henceforth removed the British ensign from national flag and federal governmental identifications and replaced it with a simple red Maple Leaf embossed on a white background between two panels of red. This is the primary identification symbol, the logo, indeed the brand, by which Canada is now recognized throughout the world. The birth of the red Maple Leaf logo's legitimization in both national and international context points to a role played by the Canadian Olympic Committee, the embryo saga of which was superimposed on the initiatives of the nation's first Olympic team, the aggregation of male athletes that competed in the London Games of 1908. This work argues that the introduction of the red Maple Leaf as a national symb...
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the emblem of one united body one great sporting Maple Leaf the olympic games and canada s quest for self identity
Sport in Society, 2015Co-Authors: Robert K. Barney, Michael HeineAbstract:For Canadians, the enduring late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century debate between adherents of sustained British imperialism and those champions of Canadian sovereignty closed in December 1964 by dint of a Canadian Parliamentary act establishing a new national symbol, one that henceforth removed the British ensign from national flag and federal governmental identifications and replaced it with a simple red Maple Leaf embossed on a white background between two panels of red. This is the primary identification symbol, the logo, indeed the brand, by which Canada is now recognized throughout the world. The birth of the red Maple Leaf logo's legitimization in both national and international context points to a role played by the Canadian Olympic Committee, the embryo saga of which was superimposed on the initiatives of the nation's first Olympic team, the aggregation of male athletes that competed in the London Games of 1908. This work argues that the introduction of the red Maple Leaf as a national symb...
M. A. Arthur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Increasing Red Maple Leaf Litter Alters Decomposition Rates and Nitrogen Cycling in Historically Oak-Dominated Forests of the Eastern U.S.
Ecosystems, 2014Co-Authors: H. D. Alexander, M. A. ArthurAbstract:Without canopy-opening fire disturbances, shade-tolerant, fire-sensitive species like red Maple ( Acer rubrum L.) proliferate in many historically oak-dominated forests of the eastern U.S. Here, we evaluate potential implications of increased red Maple dominance in upland oak forests of Kentucky on rates of Leaf litter decomposition and nitrogen (N) cycling. Over 5 years, we evaluated mass loss of Leaf litter and changes in total N and carbon (C) within six Leaf litter treatments comprised of scarlet oak, chestnut oak, and red Maple, and three mixed treatments of increasing red Maple contribution to the Leaf litter pool (25, 50, and 75% red Maple). Over a 1.5-year period, we conducted a plot-level Leaf litter manipulation study using the same treatments plus a control and assessed changes in net nitrification, ammonification, and N mineralization within Leaf litter and upper (0–5 cm depth) mineral soil horizons. Red Maple Leaf litter contained more “fast” decomposing material and initially lost mass faster than either oak species. All litter treatments immobilized N during initial stages of decomposition, but the degree of immobilization decreased with decreasing red Maple contribution. The Leaf litter plot-level experiment confirmed slower N mineralization rates for red Maple only plots compared to chestnut oak plots. As red Maple increases, initial Leaf litter decomposition rates will increase, leading to lower fuel loads and more N immobilization from the surrounding environment. These changes may reduce forest flammability and resource availability and promote red Maple expansion and thereby the “mesophication” of eastern forests of the U.S.
W El-hadi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Retention on third agents in HAART regimens at the Maple Leaf Clinic in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2012Co-Authors: F Crouzat, J Brunetta, C Kovacs, I Sandler, G Smith, W El-hadiAbstract:This study evaluated the 12-month retention rate of third agents in HAART (highly active anti-retroviral therapy) regimens in routine clinical practice in a Canadian HIV clinic. This is a descriptive retrospective database analysis of HIV-positive patients naïve to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The study included male and female HIV patients≥18 years of age at HAART initiation date, seen in routine consultation at the Maple Leaf Medical Clinic (MLMC), Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Data were extracted from the MLMC database for the period of September 1st, 2003 to August 31st, 2010 for patients who commenced a protease inhibitor (PI), a non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), or an integrase inhibitor (II) -based regimen in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). Demographic and baseline disease characteristics were extracted and include age, gender, disease duration, baseline HIV-1 RNA count, CD4 cell count, and hepatitis B and C co-infection status at baseline. A total of 722 patients were included in the analysis. The primary outcome of the study was the proportion of HIV patients remaining on their initial third agent (PI, NNRTI, or II) at one year post-treatment initiation. For therapies used by more than 10% of patients (efavirenz [EFV]=315, atazanavir [ATV]=104, lopinavir [LPV]=162, as other agents were used but in limited numbers), the percentage of patients still on the initial third agents at one year was 77%, 64% and 62%, respectively. In addition, viral load (VL) was less than 50 copies/mL in 95% of EFV, 79% of ATV and 76% of LPV patients at one year. The rate of discontinuation at 12 months from EFV, ATV, and LPV due to efficacy (i.e. lack of virologic suppression) or safety (i.e. adverse events) were 15.56%, 19.23%, and 19.75% respectively. In a clinical practice setting, the majority of patients treated with HAART regimens were maintained on therapy at one year and were able to suppress their viral load consistently. Of those reported here, EFV resulted in the best retention rate and viral suppression overall
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Retention on third agents in HAART regimens at the Maple Leaf Clinic in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2012Co-Authors: F Crouzat, J Brunetta, C Kovacs, I Sandler, G Smith, W El-hadiAbstract:This study evaluated the 12-month retention rate of third agents in HAART (highly active anti-retroviral therapy) regimens in routine clinical practice in a Canadian HIV clinic. This is a descriptive retrospective database analysis of HIV-positive patients naive to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The study included male and female HIV patients ≥18 years of age at HAART initiation date, seen in routine consultation at the Maple Leaf Medical Clinic (MLMC), Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Data were extracted from the MLMC database for the period of September 1st, 2003 to August 31st, 2010 for patients who commenced a protease inhibitor (PI), a non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), or an integrase inhibitor (II) -based regimen in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). Demographic and baseline disease characteristics were extracted and include age, gender, disease duration, baseline HIV-1 RNA count, CD4 cell count, and hepatitis B and C co-infection status at baseline. A total of 722 patients were included in the analysis. The primary outcome of the study was the proportion of HIV patients remaining on their initial third agent (PI, NNRTI, or II) at one year post-treatment initiation. For therapies used by more than 10% of patients (efavirenz [EFV]=315, atazanavir [ATV]=104, lopinavir [LPV]=162, as other agents were used but in limited numbers), the percentage of patients still on the initial third agents at one year was 77%, 64% and 62%, respectively. In addition, viral load (VL) was less than 50 copies/mL in 95% of EFV, 79% of ATV and 76% of LPV patients at one year. The rate of discontinuation at 12 months from EFV, ATV, and LPV due to efficacy (i.e. lack of virologic suppression) or safety (i.e. adverse events) were 15.56%, 19.23%, and 19.75% respectively. In a clinical practice setting, the majority of patients treated with HAART regimens were maintained on therapy at one year and were able to suppress their viral load consistently. Of those reported here, EFV resulted in the best retention rate and viral suppression overall. (Published: 11 November 2012) Citation: Abstracts of the Eleventh International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection Crouzat F et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2012, 15 (Suppl 4):18242 http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/18242 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.15.6.18242
N. K. Kaushik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Invertebrate colonization and processing of Maple Leaf litter in a forested and an agricultural reach of a stream
Hydrobiologia, 1992Co-Authors: G.a. Bird, N. K. KaushikAbstract:Processing of Maple Leaf ( Acer saccharum Marsh) packs, their colonization by invertebrates and nutrient dynamics in leaves were investigated in a forested reach and agricultural reach of Canagagigue Creek, Ontario. Shredders, Pycnopsyche , and collectors, Ephemerella subvaria, Stenonema vicarium and Baetis were significantly more numerous in packs at the forest site than in packs at the agricultural site, whereas filter feeders, especially blackflies, were significantly more numerous in packs at the agricultural site. Weight loss of litter packs was nearly equivalent at the two sites. However, there were major differences in the mechanism of processing between the sites. Physical abrasion and microbial activity governed weight loss of Maple Leaf packs at the agricultural site, whereas processing was governed mainly by microbial and invertebrate activity and, to a much lesser extent, by physical abrasion at the forest site. Both shredders and collector species played an important role in the processing of Leaf material at the forest site. Greater uptake of N and P ( P
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invertebrate colonization and processing of Maple Leaf litter in a forested and an agricultural reach of a stream
Hydrobiologia, 1992Co-Authors: G.a. Bird, N. K. KaushikAbstract:Processing of Maple Leaf (Acer saccharum Marsh) packs, their colonization by invertebrates and nutrient dynamics in leaves were investigated in a forested reach and agricultural reach of Canagagigue Creek, Ontario. Shredders, Pycnopsyche, and collectors, Ephemerella subvaria, Stenonema vicarium and Baetis were significantly more numerous in packs at the forest site than in packs at the agricultural site, whereas filter feeders, especially blackflies, were significantly more numerous in packs at the agricultural site. Weight loss of litter packs was nearly equivalent at the two sites. However, there were major differences in the mechanism of processing between the sites. Physical abrasion and microbial activity governed weight loss of Maple Leaf packs at the agricultural site, whereas processing was governed mainly by microbial and invertebrate activity and, to a much lesser extent, by physical abrasion at the forest site. Both shredders and collector species played an important role in the processing of Leaf material at the forest site. Greater uptake of N and P (P<0.05 in spring) and higher C concentrations were observed in Leaf packs at the forest site than the agricultural site. Therefore, the results support the concept of retention of nutrients in forested areas and their export in deforested (agricultural) areas. Findings also indicated that the processing of Leaf litter is not an efficient means of monitoring changes in stream ecosystems since Leaf processing is affected by many factors, particularly physical abrasion.
Wei-xi Tian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inhibitory effects on bacterial growth and beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase by different species of Maple Leaf extracts and tannic acid.
Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2010Co-Authors: Xue-fu You, Wei-xi TianAbstract:It is important to develop new antibiotics aimed at novel targets. The investigation found that the Leaf extracts from five Maples (Acer platanoides, Acer campestre, Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum and Acer truncatum Bunge collected in Denmark, Canada and China) and their component tannic acid displayed antibacterial ability against 24 standard bacteria strains with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3-8.0 mg/mL. Unlike the standard antibiotic levofloxacin (LFX), these samples inhibited Gram-positive bacteria more effectively than they inhibited Gram-negative bacteria. These samples effectively inhibited two antidrug bacterial strains. The results show that these samples inhibit bacteria by a different mechanism from LFX. These samples potently inhibited b-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (FabG), which is an important enzyme in bacterial fatty acid synthesis. Tannic acid showed the strongest inhibition on FabG with a half inhibition concentration of 0.78 microM (0.81 microg/mL). Furthermore, tannic acid and two Maple Leaf extracts showed time-dependent irreversible inhibition of FabG. These three samples also exhibited better inhibition on bacteria. It is suggested that FabG is the antibacteria target of Maple Leaf extracts and tannic acid, and both reversible and irreversible inhibitions of FabG are important for the antibacterial effect.
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Inhibitory effects on bacterial growth and b-ketoacyl-ACP reductase by different species of Maple Leaf extracts and tannic acid
Phytotherapy Research, 2009Co-Authors: Xue-fu You, Wei-xi TianAbstract:It is important to develop new antibiotics aimed at novel targets. The investigation found that the Leaf extracts from five Maples (Acer platanoides, Acer campestre, Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum and Acer truncatum Bunge collected in Denmark, Canada and China) and their component tannic acid displayed antibacterial ability against 24 standard bacteria strains with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3–8.0 mg/mL. Unlike the standard antibiotic levofloxacin (LFX), these samples inhibited Gram-positive bacteria more effectively than they inhibited Gram-negative bacteria. These samples effectively inhibited two antidrug bacterial strains. The results show that these samples inhibit bacteria by a different mechanism from LFX. These samples potently inhibited b-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (FabG), which is an important enzyme in bacterial fatty acid synthesis. Tannic acid showed the strongest inhibition on FabG with a half inhibition concentration of 0.78 mm (0.81 mg/mL). Furthermore, tannic acid and two Maple Leaf extracts showed time-dependent irreversible inhibition of FabG. These three samples also exhibited better inhibition on bacteria. It is suggested that FabG is the antibacteria target of Maple Leaf extracts and tannic acid, and both reversible and irreversible inhibitions of FabG are important for the antibacterial effect. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.