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Gordon Wilmsmeier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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“Special Issue on Latin-American Research” Maritime Networks, Services Structure and Maritime Trade
2011Co-Authors: Laura Márquez-ramos, Inmaculada Martínez-zarzoso, Eva Pérez-garcía, Gordon WilmsmeierAbstract:This paper aims at investigating the relationship between Maritime Trade and Maritime freight rates at sectoral level. These rates and their effect on international Trade will be estimated using highly disaggregated data of shipments from five Spanish ports to seventeen destinations, 78.34% of the tonnage exported by Spain. The paper focuses on the effect of Maritime networks, services structure and port infrastructure variables on Maritime freight rates. The relationship between freight rates and Trade is then analysed by applying a gravity model for sectoral exports. We investigate the endogeneity of the Trade and freight rate variables by estimating both equations by using instrumental variables methods. The main findings of this study should contribute significantly in explaining the variability of Maritime freight rates and to quantifying the impact of Maritime freight rates in Maritime Trade.
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freight rates and the margins of intra latin american Maritime Trade
2010Co-Authors: Inmaculada Martinezzarzoso, Gordon WilmsmeierAbstract:This paper focuses on the analysis of the relationship between Maritime Trade and transport cost in Latin America. The data available are disaggregated (SITC 5 digit level) Maritime Trade flows on Trade routes within Latin America over the period 1999-2004. The contribution to the literature is to disentangle the effects that transport costs have on the extensive margin (number of products imported) and the intensive margin (quantity imported of each product) of international Trade in order to test some of the predictions of the Trade theories that introduce firm heterogeneity in productivity, as well as fixed costs of exporting. Recent investigations show that spatial frictions (distance) reduce Trade mainly by reducing the number of shipments and that most firms ship only to geographically proximate customers, instead of shipping to many destinations in quantities that decrease in distance. Our findings confirm this result for intra-LA Trade and show that the opposite pattern is observed for ad-valorem freight rates that reduce aggregate Trade values mainly by reducing the quantity imported (intensive margin).
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determinants of Maritime transport costs a panel data analysis for latin american Trade
2010Co-Authors: Gordon Wilmsmeier, Inmaculada MartinezzarzosoAbstract:Abstract This paper analyses the determinants of Maritime transport costs for intra-Latin American Trade over a period of 6 years (1999–2004). The data refer to yearly disaggregated (five-digit level Standard International Classification) containerised Maritime Trade flows on 277 Trade routes. With this data-set, a transport costs equation is estimated using linear regression analysis in a panel data framework. The first contribution to the literature is to exploit the greater variability present in the data and to control for unobservable heterogeneous effects. The second is to investigate the role of distance as a determinant of international Maritime transport costs in comparison to the location within the liner services network and the potential impact of being peripheral in the liner shipping network. Finally, the work analyses influence of open registries on the variability of Maritime transport costs. To the authors’ knowledge, this has not been done previously. Three groups of explanatory variable...
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freight rates and the margins of intra latin american Maritime Trade
2009Co-Authors: Inmaculada Martinezzarzoso, Gordon WilmsmeierAbstract:This paper focuses on the analysis of the relationship between Maritime Trade and transport cost in Latin America. The data available are disaggregated (SITC 5 digit level) Maritime Trade flows on Trade routes within Latin America over the period 1999-2004. The contribution to the literature is to disentangle the effects than transport costs have on the extensive margin (number of products imported) and the intensive margin (quantity imported of each product) of international Trade in order to test some of the predictions of the Trade theories that introduce firm heterogeneity in productivity, as well as fixed costs of exporting. Recent investigations show that spatial frictions (distance) reduce Trade mainly by reducing the number of shipments and that most firms ship only to geographically proximate customers, instead of shipping to many destinations in quantities that decrease in distance. Our findings confirm this result and show that the opposite pattern is observed for ad-valorem freight rates that reduce aggregate Trade values mainly by reducing the quantity imported (intensive margin).
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The Impact of Port Characteristics on International Maritime Transport Costs
2007Co-Authors: Gordon Wilmsmeier, Jan Hoffmann, Ricardo SánchezAbstract:The chapter provides empirical evidence that indicators for different port characteristics have a statistically significant and strong impact on international Maritime transport costs. It reports on empirical work on Trade among 16 Latin-American countries. The database incorporates 75,928 observations, which comprise practically all Maritime Trade transactions in containerizable goods on most intra-Latin-American Trade routes for the year 2002. The regressions incorporate the main classical explanatory variables of Maritime transport costs, such as unit cargo value, volume per transaction, geographical distance, bilateral Trade volume, and Trade balances. It further looks at six indicators for different port characteristics as possible additional determinants of international transport costs. It is found that indicators for port efficiency, port infrastructure, private sector participation, and inter-port connectivity have significant impacts on international Maritime transport costs. The estimated elasticity for port efficiency is the highest of all port-related variables; doubling port efficiency in a pair of ports has the same impact on international transport costs as halving the distance between them would have.
Inmaculada Martinezzarzoso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of Maritime transport costs on the extensive and intensive margins evidence from the europe asia Trade
2014Co-Authors: Sami Bensassi, Inmaculada Martinezzarzoso, Celestino SuarezAbstract:This article investigates the determinants of Maritime Trade. It focuses in particular on the extent to which variations in Trade-related costs between Asia and Europe help to explain the surge in Euro–Asian Trade in eight of the most emblematic categories of products related to Asian success: textiles, footwear, confection, machinery, electronic products, vehicles, furniture and pharmaceutical products. In marked contrast to other studies that focus only on the determinants of total Maritime Trade, we decompose Trade into two margins: the number of different products exchanged (extensive margin) and the average value of each product (intensive margin). We estimate a Trade-augmented gravity model with Trade cost factors for specific Trade flows and industries and for both margins of Trade. Several types of Trade costs are considered, namely Maritime transport costs, time to export/import, behind-the-border Trade costs and distances. The main findings indicate that lower freight costs increase aggregate Trade values mainly by increasing the average value of imported varieties, but also by increasing the number of products Traded. Our findings suggest that political actions aimed at spurring competition and innovation in the Maritime transport industry do have an impact on the volume and composition of international Trade.
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freight rates and the margins of intra latin american Maritime Trade
2010Co-Authors: Inmaculada Martinezzarzoso, Gordon WilmsmeierAbstract:This paper focuses on the analysis of the relationship between Maritime Trade and transport cost in Latin America. The data available are disaggregated (SITC 5 digit level) Maritime Trade flows on Trade routes within Latin America over the period 1999-2004. The contribution to the literature is to disentangle the effects that transport costs have on the extensive margin (number of products imported) and the intensive margin (quantity imported of each product) of international Trade in order to test some of the predictions of the Trade theories that introduce firm heterogeneity in productivity, as well as fixed costs of exporting. Recent investigations show that spatial frictions (distance) reduce Trade mainly by reducing the number of shipments and that most firms ship only to geographically proximate customers, instead of shipping to many destinations in quantities that decrease in distance. Our findings confirm this result for intra-LA Trade and show that the opposite pattern is observed for ad-valorem freight rates that reduce aggregate Trade values mainly by reducing the quantity imported (intensive margin).
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determinants of Maritime transport costs a panel data analysis for latin american Trade
2010Co-Authors: Gordon Wilmsmeier, Inmaculada MartinezzarzosoAbstract:Abstract This paper analyses the determinants of Maritime transport costs for intra-Latin American Trade over a period of 6 years (1999–2004). The data refer to yearly disaggregated (five-digit level Standard International Classification) containerised Maritime Trade flows on 277 Trade routes. With this data-set, a transport costs equation is estimated using linear regression analysis in a panel data framework. The first contribution to the literature is to exploit the greater variability present in the data and to control for unobservable heterogeneous effects. The second is to investigate the role of distance as a determinant of international Maritime transport costs in comparison to the location within the liner services network and the potential impact of being peripheral in the liner shipping network. Finally, the work analyses influence of open registries on the variability of Maritime transport costs. To the authors’ knowledge, this has not been done previously. Three groups of explanatory variable...
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freight rates and the margins of intra latin american Maritime Trade
2009Co-Authors: Inmaculada Martinezzarzoso, Gordon WilmsmeierAbstract:This paper focuses on the analysis of the relationship between Maritime Trade and transport cost in Latin America. The data available are disaggregated (SITC 5 digit level) Maritime Trade flows on Trade routes within Latin America over the period 1999-2004. The contribution to the literature is to disentangle the effects than transport costs have on the extensive margin (number of products imported) and the intensive margin (quantity imported of each product) of international Trade in order to test some of the predictions of the Trade theories that introduce firm heterogeneity in productivity, as well as fixed costs of exporting. Recent investigations show that spatial frictions (distance) reduce Trade mainly by reducing the number of shipments and that most firms ship only to geographically proximate customers, instead of shipping to many destinations in quantities that decrease in distance. Our findings confirm this result and show that the opposite pattern is observed for ad-valorem freight rates that reduce aggregate Trade values mainly by reducing the quantity imported (intensive margin).
Amitrajeet A Batabyal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an analysis of economic cost minimization and biological invasion damage control using the awq criterion
2007Co-Authors: Gregory Deangelo, Amitrajeet A Batabyal, Seshavadhani KumarAbstract:DeAngelo et al. (2006) have recently used the AWS criterion in a M/G/1 queuing model to show that there is no necessary tension between economic cost minimization and inspection stringency in non-native species management. In this paper, we use an alternate cost criterion (AWQ criterion) to investigate the generality of this central result in DeAngelo et al. (2006). Our theoretical analysis shows that there is no unambiguous answer to this question. Therefore, we use numerical methods and our numerical analysis leads to two findings. First, for many values of the model parameters that describe the strictness of inspections, there is a tension between cost minimization and inspection stringency. Second, for most values of the model parameter that depicts the volume of Maritime Trade handled by the seaport under consideration, there is no tension between cost minimization and inspection stringency.
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an analysis of economic cost minimization and biological invasion damage control using the awq criterion
2007Co-Authors: Gregory Deangelo, Amitrajeet A Batabyal, Seshavadhani KumarAbstract:DeAngelo et al. (New approaches to the Economics of plant health. Springer, Heidelberg, 2006) have recently used the AWS criterion in a M/G/1 queuing model to show that there is no necessary tension between economic cost minimization and inspection stringency in non-native species management. In this paper, we use an alternate cost criterion (AWQ criterion) to investigate the generality of this central result in DeAngelo et al. (New approaches to the Economics of plant health. Springer, Heidelberg, 2006). Our theoretical analysis shows that there is no unambiguous answer to this question. Therefore, we use numerical methods and our numerical analysis leads to two findings. First, for many values of the model parameters that describe the strictness of inspections, there is a tension between cost minimization and inspection stringency. Second, for most values of the model parameter that depicts the volume of Maritime Trade handled by the seaport under consideration, there is no tension between cost minimization and inspection stringency.
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on economic cost minimization versus biological invasion damage control
2007Co-Authors: Gregory Deangelo, Amitrajeet A Batabyal, Seshavadhani KumarAbstract:Recently, Batabyal et al. (2005) have used a queuing model to show that there is a tension between economic-cost minimization and inspection stringency in invasive-species management in the following sense: greater (lesser) inspection stringency with a larger (smaller) number of inspectors leads to higher (lower) economic costs. We use a more general queuing model to investigate whether there is, in fact, a tension between cost minimization and inspection stringency. Our theoretical analysis shows that there is no definite answer to this question. Therefore, we use numerical methods, and our numerical analysis leads to two conclusions. For many values of the model parameters that delineate the strictness of inspections, there is a tension between cost minimization and inspection stringency. In contrast, for most values of the model parameter that describes the volume of Maritime Trade handled by the port under study, there is no tension between cost minimization and inspection stringency
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a rationale for the differential regulatory treatment of imports when invasive species are a potential problem
2006Co-Authors: Amitrajeet A BatabyalAbstract:The Maritime Trade related risks from invasive species in a nation depend, inter alia, on the countries from which goods are being imported. In the United States, the USDA's APHIS routinely uses inspections to screen arriving ships at seaports for invasive species. Given this state of affairs, we first use queuing theory to construct a simple model of Maritime Trade and seaport inspections with one importing nation (Home) and two exporting nations. We then derive a ratio criterion that specifies a condition under which it makes sense for a seaport manager in Home to grant favorable regulatory treatment to the imports from one or the other exporting country. This country of origin rule depends on the mean time it takes to inspect ships from the two exporting countries and on the dollar value of the imports from these two countries.
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a rationale for the differential regulatory treatment of imports when invasive species are a potential problem
2006Co-Authors: Amitrajeet A BatabyalAbstract:The Maritime Trade related risks from invasive species in a nation depend, inter alia, on the countries from which goods are being imported. In the United States, the USDA's APHIS routinely uses inspections to screen arriving ships at seaports for invasive species. Given this state of affairs, we first use queuing theory to construct a simple model of Maritime Trade and seaport inspections with one importing nation (Home) and two exporting nations. We then derive a ratio criterion that specifies a condition under which it makes sense for a seaport manager in Home to grant favorable regulatory treatment to the imports from one or the other exporting country. This country of origin rule depends on the mean time it takes to inspect ships from the two exporting countries and on the dollar value of the imports from these two countries.JEL classification: F18, Q56, Q58
Logan M Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Trade consequences of Maritime insecurity evidence from somali piracy
2015Co-Authors: Alfredo Burlando, Anca D Cristea, Logan M LeeAbstract:In the past decade, pirates from Somalia have carried out thousands of attacks on cargo ships sailing through the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, causing what others have identied as signicant damage to Maritime Trade. In this paper, we use variations in the spread and intensity of Somali piracy to estimate its eect on the volume of international Trade. By comparing Trade volume changes along shipping routes located in pirate waters to those that are not, we estimate that Somali piracy reduced bilateral Trade passing through the Gulf of Aden by 1.7-1.9 percent per year from 2000 to 2010. In addition, we nd larger reductions for Trade in bulk commodities, which are generally shipped by sea and are more likely to fall prey to piracy attacks. While our estimates suggest that the Trade costs of piracy are much lower than what has been suggested in the existing literature, we nd that they remain signicant and unevenly distributed, with ve countries and the European Union shouldering 70% of the total costs.
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the Trade consequences of Maritime insecurity evidence from somali piracy
2014Co-Authors: Alfredo Burlando, Anca D Cristea, Logan M LeeAbstract:In the past decade (2000–2010), pirates from Somalia have carried out thousands of attacks on cargo ships sailing through the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, causing what others have identified as significant damage to Maritime Trade. In this paper, we use variations in the spread and intensity of Somali piracy to estimate its effect on the volume of international Trade. By comparing Trade volume changes along shipping routes located in pirate waters to those that are not, we estimate that Somali piracy reduced bulk commodities Trade passing through the Gulf of Aden by 4.1% per year from 2000 to 2010. We find smaller reductions in total Trade, consistent with the fact that not all goods are shipped by sea or are targets of pirate attacks. While our estimates suggest that the Trade costs of piracy are much lower than what has been suggested in the existing literature, we find that they remain significant and unevenly distributed, with five countries and the EU shouldering 70% of the total costs.
Ricardo Sánchez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Impact of Port Characteristics on International Maritime Transport Costs
2007Co-Authors: Gordon Wilmsmeier, Jan Hoffmann, Ricardo SánchezAbstract:The chapter provides empirical evidence that indicators for different port characteristics have a statistically significant and strong impact on international Maritime transport costs. It reports on empirical work on Trade among 16 Latin-American countries. The database incorporates 75,928 observations, which comprise practically all Maritime Trade transactions in containerizable goods on most intra-Latin-American Trade routes for the year 2002. The regressions incorporate the main classical explanatory variables of Maritime transport costs, such as unit cargo value, volume per transaction, geographical distance, bilateral Trade volume, and Trade balances. It further looks at six indicators for different port characteristics as possible additional determinants of international transport costs. It is found that indicators for port efficiency, port infrastructure, private sector participation, and inter-port connectivity have significant impacts on international Maritime transport costs. The estimated elasticity for port efficiency is the highest of all port-related variables; doubling port efficiency in a pair of ports has the same impact on international transport costs as halving the distance between them would have.