The Experts below are selected from a list of 570 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Noelia Carrasco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
application of a competitive real time pcr for detection of Marteilia refringens genotype o and m in two geographical locations the ebro delta spain and the rhine meuse delta the netherlands
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2017Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Beatriz Lacuesta, Dolores M Furones, Michal Voorbergenlaarman, Marc Y. EngelsmaAbstract:Species belonging to the genus Marteilia are protozoan parasites of bivalves. The species Marteilia refringens, jeopardizing the health of European bivalves, is included on the list of OIE notifiable pathogens. Two genotypes of Marteilia refringens are distinguished: type "O" affecting mainly oysters, and type "M" affecting mainly mussels. Historically, detection of Marteilia species is primarily carried out by histology. In recent years molecular assays are more frequently used for the detection of mollusc pathogens, also in routine monitoring. In the present work, a competitive real-time PCR assay was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of M. refringens and discrimination between "M" and "O" genotypes of M. refringens. The real-time PCR assay was shown to be analytically sensitive and specific and has a high repeatability and efficiency. Subsequent application of the assay on collected bivalves from two geographical locations, the Ebro Delta in Mediterranean Spain and the Rhine-Meuse Delta in the Netherlands resulted in detection of M. refringens type M in Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. refringens type O in Ostrea edulis from Spain. In two O. edulis specimen both M. refringens type O and type M were detected. In the Netherlands M. refringens was not observed in any of the tested Mytilus edulis and O. edulis. The results obtained by real time PCR were in correspondence with the results obtained by histopathology and a substantial agreement with the results obtained by conventional PCR. In conclusion, the developed real time PCR assay facilitates rapid detection and subtyping of M. refringens and could be applied for further studies on epidemiology of the parasite, geographical distribution and host specificity.
-
Application of a competitive real time PCR for detection of Marteilia refringens genotype “O” and “M” in two geographical locations: The Ebro Delta, Spain and the Rhine-Meuse Delta, the Netherlands
Journal of invertebrate pathology, 2017Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Beatriz Lacuesta, Dolores M Furones, Michal A. Voorbergen-laarman, Marc Y. EngelsmaAbstract:Species belonging to the genus Marteilia are protozoan parasites of bivalves. The species Marteilia refringens, jeopardizing the health of European bivalves, is included on the list of OIE notifiable pathogens. Two genotypes of Marteilia refringens are distinguished: type "O" affecting mainly oysters, and type "M" affecting mainly mussels. Historically, detection of Marteilia species is primarily carried out by histology. In recent years molecular assays are more frequently used for the detection of mollusc pathogens, also in routine monitoring. In the present work, a competitive real-time PCR assay was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of M. refringens and discrimination between "M" and "O" genotypes of M. refringens. The real-time PCR assay was shown to be analytically sensitive and specific and has a high repeatability and efficiency. Subsequent application of the assay on collected bivalves from two geographical locations, the Ebro Delta in Mediterranean Spain and the Rhine-Meuse Delta in the Netherlands resulted in detection of M. refringens type M in Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. refringens type O in Ostrea edulis from Spain. In two O. edulis specimen both M. refringens type O and type M were detected. In the Netherlands M. refringens was not observed in any of the tested Mytilus edulis and O. edulis. The results obtained by real time PCR were in correspondence with the results obtained by histopathology and a substantial agreement with the results obtained by conventional PCR. In conclusion, the developed real time PCR assay facilitates rapid detection and subtyping of M. refringens and could be applied for further studies on epidemiology of the parasite, geographical distribution and host specificity.
-
Marteilia spp. parasites in bivalves: A revision of recent studies.
Journal of invertebrate pathology, 2015Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Timothy J. Green, Naoki ItohAbstract:Marteilia spp. parasites are Paramyxean organisms that affect several commercial species of molluscs, and thus have a socio-economical impact. These parasites also have an ecological impact on the biodiversity and population dynamics of natural mollusc beds. It has been over forty years since the first description of Marteilia refringens, the first Marteilia species described. Despite four decades of research, the biology, cellular development, as well as the life cycle of Marteilia parasites are not fully understood. In recent years, new studies have reported advances in knowledge of the life cycle, the description of new species, the development of new molecular detection/discrimination tools, new data on biotype geographical distribution, as well as new information on host response and defence mechanisms. Such information is summarized, reported and discussed in the present review in order to facilitate a new overview of the subject. However, numerous knowledge gaps are still unresolved and need to be prioritized in the research and funding institution agendas.
-
A Novel Paramyxean Parasite, Marteilia granula sp. nov. (Cercozoa), from the Digestive Gland of Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Japan
Fish Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: Naoki Itoh, Noelia Carrasco, Hyunsil Kang, Kwangsik Choi, Timothy J. Green, Toshihiro Yamamoto, Masahiko Awaji, Seinen ChowAbstract:The genus Marteilia includes protozoan species with repeated endogenous budding sporulation and spores that corise three cells.mp All of these species are parasitic for marine invertebrates. Most species in this genus are observed in the digestive tissue of bivalves. One of the st important species, mo Marteilia refringens, has been observed in the European flat oys-ter, Ostrea edulis (Grizel et al., 1974); mussels, Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis (Tige and Rabouin, 1976; Villalba et al., 1993); razor clam, Solen margina-tus and the striped venus cla Chamalea gallinam,(Lopes-Flores et al., 2008a, 2008b) in Europe. Because of the econoc impact of M. refringensmi on the flat oyster industry, this species is listed as a notifiable pathogen by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE, 2012). Another species, Marteilia sydneyi, hasdetrimental impacts on the Sydney rock oyster, Saccos-trea glomerata, in Australia (Perkins and Wolf, 1976; Green et al., 2011). The recently identified species Marteilia cochillia was involved in rtality of the edible mocockle, Cerastoderma edule, in Spain (Carrasco et al., 2013). Although relatively less information is available, M. lengehi (Comps, 1976) and M. christenseni (Comps, 1985) have also been observed in Saccostrea cucullata and Scrobicularia piperata In Asian , respectively.
-
Marteilia cochillia sp nov a new Marteilia species affecting the edible cockle cerastoderma edule in european waters
Aquaculture, 2013Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Ana Roque, Karl B Andree, Chris Rodgers, Beatriz Lacuesta, Mike P Hine, Merce Durfort, Nikolaus Malchus, Mar Gonzalez, Dolores M FuronesAbstract:Abstract Marteilia “type C” was recently identified, by molecular characterization, in the cockle Cerastoderma edule from the Ebro Delta in southern Catalonia (Spain) where it caused high mortalities during the summer of 2008. The present paper provides a transmission electron microscopic morphological description and additional molecular analyses. Specific ultrastructural diagnosis is based in TEM observations of mature stages of the parasite characterized by four secondary cells which subdivide into three “proteic masses”. Each proteic mass contained two spores and thus six spores per secondary cell were suspected. The number of secondary cells and number and nature of spores define the morphological taxobasis to distinguish different members of the Phylum Paramyxea. New sequences included in the phylogenetic analysis place Marteilia “type C” in a well-defined cluster proximal to Marteilia refringens . The new data thus corroborate previous results and lead us to formally describe Marteilia “type C” as a new species, Marteilia cochillia n. sp. affecting bivalves in Europe.
Dolores M Furones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
application of a competitive real time pcr for detection of Marteilia refringens genotype o and m in two geographical locations the ebro delta spain and the rhine meuse delta the netherlands
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2017Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Beatriz Lacuesta, Dolores M Furones, Michal Voorbergenlaarman, Marc Y. EngelsmaAbstract:Species belonging to the genus Marteilia are protozoan parasites of bivalves. The species Marteilia refringens, jeopardizing the health of European bivalves, is included on the list of OIE notifiable pathogens. Two genotypes of Marteilia refringens are distinguished: type "O" affecting mainly oysters, and type "M" affecting mainly mussels. Historically, detection of Marteilia species is primarily carried out by histology. In recent years molecular assays are more frequently used for the detection of mollusc pathogens, also in routine monitoring. In the present work, a competitive real-time PCR assay was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of M. refringens and discrimination between "M" and "O" genotypes of M. refringens. The real-time PCR assay was shown to be analytically sensitive and specific and has a high repeatability and efficiency. Subsequent application of the assay on collected bivalves from two geographical locations, the Ebro Delta in Mediterranean Spain and the Rhine-Meuse Delta in the Netherlands resulted in detection of M. refringens type M in Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. refringens type O in Ostrea edulis from Spain. In two O. edulis specimen both M. refringens type O and type M were detected. In the Netherlands M. refringens was not observed in any of the tested Mytilus edulis and O. edulis. The results obtained by real time PCR were in correspondence with the results obtained by histopathology and a substantial agreement with the results obtained by conventional PCR. In conclusion, the developed real time PCR assay facilitates rapid detection and subtyping of M. refringens and could be applied for further studies on epidemiology of the parasite, geographical distribution and host specificity.
-
Application of a competitive real time PCR for detection of Marteilia refringens genotype “O” and “M” in two geographical locations: The Ebro Delta, Spain and the Rhine-Meuse Delta, the Netherlands
Journal of invertebrate pathology, 2017Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Beatriz Lacuesta, Dolores M Furones, Michal A. Voorbergen-laarman, Marc Y. EngelsmaAbstract:Species belonging to the genus Marteilia are protozoan parasites of bivalves. The species Marteilia refringens, jeopardizing the health of European bivalves, is included on the list of OIE notifiable pathogens. Two genotypes of Marteilia refringens are distinguished: type "O" affecting mainly oysters, and type "M" affecting mainly mussels. Historically, detection of Marteilia species is primarily carried out by histology. In recent years molecular assays are more frequently used for the detection of mollusc pathogens, also in routine monitoring. In the present work, a competitive real-time PCR assay was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of M. refringens and discrimination between "M" and "O" genotypes of M. refringens. The real-time PCR assay was shown to be analytically sensitive and specific and has a high repeatability and efficiency. Subsequent application of the assay on collected bivalves from two geographical locations, the Ebro Delta in Mediterranean Spain and the Rhine-Meuse Delta in the Netherlands resulted in detection of M. refringens type M in Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. refringens type O in Ostrea edulis from Spain. In two O. edulis specimen both M. refringens type O and type M were detected. In the Netherlands M. refringens was not observed in any of the tested Mytilus edulis and O. edulis. The results obtained by real time PCR were in correspondence with the results obtained by histopathology and a substantial agreement with the results obtained by conventional PCR. In conclusion, the developed real time PCR assay facilitates rapid detection and subtyping of M. refringens and could be applied for further studies on epidemiology of the parasite, geographical distribution and host specificity.
-
Marteilia cochillia sp nov a new Marteilia species affecting the edible cockle cerastoderma edule in european waters
Aquaculture, 2013Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Ana Roque, Karl B Andree, Chris Rodgers, Beatriz Lacuesta, Mike P Hine, Merce Durfort, Nikolaus Malchus, Mar Gonzalez, Dolores M FuronesAbstract:Abstract Marteilia “type C” was recently identified, by molecular characterization, in the cockle Cerastoderma edule from the Ebro Delta in southern Catalonia (Spain) where it caused high mortalities during the summer of 2008. The present paper provides a transmission electron microscopic morphological description and additional molecular analyses. Specific ultrastructural diagnosis is based in TEM observations of mature stages of the parasite characterized by four secondary cells which subdivide into three “proteic masses”. Each proteic mass contained two spores and thus six spores per secondary cell were suspected. The number of secondary cells and number and nature of spores define the morphological taxobasis to distinguish different members of the Phylum Paramyxea. New sequences included in the phylogenetic analysis place Marteilia “type C” in a well-defined cluster proximal to Marteilia refringens . The new data thus corroborate previous results and lead us to formally describe Marteilia “type C” as a new species, Marteilia cochillia n. sp. affecting bivalves in Europe.
-
molecular characterization of the Marteilia parasite infecting the common edible cockle cerastoderma edule in the spanish mediterranean coast a new Marteilia species affecting bivalves in europe
Aquaculture, 2012Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Ana Roque, Karl B Andree, Chris Rodgers, Beatriz Lacuesta, Dolores M FuronesAbstract:Abstract Marteilia spp. parasites such as M. refringens are notifiable pathogens of commercial bivalves with detrimental effects on shellfish fisheries and aquaculture. Recently a Marteilia parasite has been described infecting the common edible cockle Cerastoderma edule for the first time in Spain, with only one previous report from elsewhere in the world. Molecular characterization was carried out, based on the rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS), the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) and the 18S rRNA, of the Marteilia parasite reported infecting the cockle C. edule in the Spanish Mediterranean coast in order to better understand the epidemiology of the pathogen. Partial IGS sequences obtained showed 83% of maximum identity with Marteilia refringens when analyzed by BLAST. Further, 86% was recorded for the partial ITS-1 and 98% for the partial 18S rRNA region studied. Comparison by multiple alignment of ITS-1 sequences, genetic distance matrix of the IGS, and a phylogenetic analysis using the IGS sequence support the existence of a new Marteilia species infecting bivalves in Europe. Furthermore, an IGS PCR–RFLP digestion with the BgL II enzyme is described in order to facilitate discrimination between the cockle Marteilia and M. refringens infecting other bivalves in Europe.
-
a Marteilia parasite and digestive epithelial virosis lesions observed during a common edible cockle cerastoderma edule mortality event in the spanish mediterranean coast
Aquaculture, 2011Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Ana Roque, Karl B Andree, Chris Rodgers, Beatriz Lacuesta, Dolores M FuronesAbstract:Abstract The presence of a Marteilia parasite, potentially M. refringens, was observed by histology and by 18S rDNA Marteilia genus specific in situ hybridisation on common edible cockles Cerastoderma edule growing at the Ebro Delta bays during a mortality event in 2008. Marteilia parasites, such as M. refringens, are marine invertebrate pathogens affecting commercial bivalve species such as the flat oyster Ostrea edulis and the mussels Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis. However, occasionally, Marteilia parasites including M. refringens, have also been observed in other commercial bivalve species such as Chamalea gallina, Solen Marginatus and C. edule among others. In the case of the cockle C. edule, a single notification of the presence of Marteilia sp., in 1975, based on histological and ultrastructural studies, has been reported up to date. Parasite prevalence observed in the present study was not negligible (40%) and was potentially associated to the cockle mortality event. Parasite infection intensity was high and moderate, and, in general, developmental stages observed reminded M. refringens infecting flat oysters and mussels. Furthermore, lesions, similar to those produced by digestive epithelial virosis, were observed by first time in cockles. The viral lesions were observed in all the examined specimens in moderate and high intensity. The in situ hybridisation assay for detection of Marteilia sp. using an 18S rDNA probe (SMART2) showed the affinity of the cockle parasite to the Marteilia genus probe. This is the first report of a Marteilia parasite in cockles in Spain and the second report in the world. The potential impact, of both observed pathogens, on the cockle industry and shellfish aquaculture needs to be urgently addressed.
David A. Raftos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Phagocytosis of the protozoan parasite, Marteilia sydneyi, by Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) hemocytes
Journal of invertebrate pathology, 2010Co-Authors: Rhiannon P. Kuchel, Saleem Aladaileh, Debra Birch, Nicole G. F. Vella, David A. RaftosAbstract:QX disease is a fatal disease in Sydney rock oysters caused by the protozoan parasite Marteilia sydneyi. The current study investigates the phagocytosis of M. sydneyi by Sydney rock oyster hemocytes. It also compares the in vitro phagocytic activities of hemocytes from oysters bred for QX disease resistance (QXR) with those of wild-type oysters. After ingestion of M. sydneyi, hemocyte granules fused with phagosome membranes and the pH of phagosomes decreased. Significantly (p =
-
Protein markers of Marteilia sydneyi infection in Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea glomerata.
Journal of Fish Diseases, 2009Co-Authors: Margaret Simonian, Sham V. Nair, Wayne A. O'connor, David A. RaftosAbstract:Marteilia sydneyi is the causative agent of QX disease in Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. It is responsible for disease outbreaks among oysters that occur during summer and can result in up to 95% mortality. QX disease has significantly decreased S. glomerata production in some areas of Australia’s eastern seaboard over the past 30 years. Marteilia sydneyi sporulates in the digestive gland of oysters leading to complete disorganization of the infected tissues. The current study used proteomics to identify potential molecular markers of sporulating M. sydneyi infection during a field trial undertaken in the Georges River, Sydney, between December 2006 and May 2007. Early stages of M. sydneyi infection were detected by polymerase chain reaction, whilst cytological examination was used to identify sporulating M. sydneyi in the gut. Protein expression in oyster haemolymph was assessed during the M. sydneyi infection period by two dimensional electrophoresis. Proteome maps identified significant differences in the expression of four proteins in oysters with sporulating M. sydneyi infections.
Isabelle Arzul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Contribution to the understanding of the cycle of the protozoan parasite Marteilia refringens
Parasitology, 2013Co-Authors: Isabelle Arzul, Bruno Chollet, Maeva Robert, Jean-pierre Joly, Séverine Boyer, Delphine Bonnet, Juliette Gaillard, Yoann Baldi, Celine Garcia, Marc BouchouchaAbstract:The paramyxean parasite Marteilia refringens infects several bivalve species including European flat oysters Ostrea edulis and Mediterranean mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis . Sequence polymorphism allowed definition of three parasite types ‘M’, ‘O’ and ‘C’ preferably detected in oysters, mussels and cockles respectively. Transmission of the infection from infected bivalves to copepods Paracartia grani could be experimentally achieved but assays from copepods to bivalves failed. In order to contribute to the elucidation of the M. refringens life cycle, the dynamics of the infection was investigated in O. edulis, M. galloprovincialis and zooplankton over one year in Diana lagoon, Corsica (France). Flat oysters appeared non-infected while mussels were infected part of the year, showing highest prevalence in summertime. The parasite was detected by PCR in zooplankton particularly after the peak of prevalence in mussels. Several zooplanktonic groups including copepods, Cladocera, Appendicularia, Chaetognatha and Polychaeta appeared PCR positive. However, only the copepod species Paracartia latisetosa showed positive signal by in situ hybridization. Small parasite cells were observed in gonadal tissues of female copepods demonstrating for the first time that a copepod species other than P. grani can be infected with M. refringens. Molecular characterization of the parasite infecting mussels and zooplankton allowed the distinguishing of three Marteilia types in the lagoon.
-
Marteiliosis in mussels: a rare disease?
Journal of fish diseases, 2013Co-Authors: Mitja Gombač, Isabelle Arzul, Darja Kušar, Matjaž Ocepek, Milan Pogačnik, Yann Couraleau, Vlasta JenčičAbstract:Among 1280 cultured and wild adult Mediterranean mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, collected over a 1-year surveillance period from the Slovene Adriatic Sea, 0.3% were histologically positive for the presence of Marteilia spp. The infection was concentrated in winter. Employing the molecular methods of PCR, cloning, DNA restriction and sequencing, only Marteilia refringens type M was detected in all the infected mussels. Although all life-cycle stages of M. refringens severely infected digestive glands, only sporadic disruption of epithelial cells of digestive tubules and focal destruction of digestive tubules were observed in the infected mussels. This was the first detection of M. refringens in M. galloprovincialis from the Slovene Adriatic Sea with the lowest prevalence reported to date. In addition, our results highlight the need for sequencing to complement the established PCR-RFLP analysis for correct parasite typing.
-
Characterization of the protozoan parasite Marteilia refringens infecting the dwarf oyster Ostrea stentina in Tunisia
Journal of invertebrate pathology, 2012Co-Authors: Refka Elgharsalli, Bruno Chollet, Maeva Robert, Jean-pierre Joly, Yann Couraleau, Nejla Aloui-bejaoui, Hedi Salah, Isabelle ArzulAbstract:Marteilia refringens is a protozoan parasite recognized as a significant pathogen of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis. The life cycle of this species is still poorly known, although there is evidence of the need for intermediate host(s). In the present study, we have used molecular approaches to identify this parasite in samples of the dwarf oyster Ostrea stentina after reports of massive mortality along the Tunisian coasts. In 2009 we evaluated the status of O. stentina from Monastir and checked if there was an infection with M. refringens, using polymerase chain reaction assays. Of the 103 tested O. stentina, 85 were PCR-positive using a Marteilia genus-specific assay. Additional assays were subsequently carried out on some samples collected in 2010 in Monastir and processed for histology, transmission electron microscopy and complementary molecular analyses. PCR was carried out to amplify the IGS and ITS regions. Histological and transmission electron microscopy analyses allowed us to confirm the presence of this parasite in the digestive gland tissue of O. stentina and to characterize it at the ultrastructural level. This is the first record of the occurrence of M. refringens in the oyster O. stentina along the Tunisian coasts.
-
Delta de l'Ebre is a natural bay model for Marteilia spp. (Paramyxea) dynamics and life-cycle studies.
Diseases of aquatic organisms, 2008Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Franck Berthe, Merce Durfort, Isabelle Arzul, Margarita Fernández-tejedor, M. D. FuronesAbstract:Marteilia spp. are paramyxean parasites that affect several bivalve species of economic interest, such as Ostrea edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis. Certain aspects of Marteilia spp., such as their life cycle and host affinity and infection dynamics, still remain unknown. The 'Delta de l'Ebre' constitutes a natural model for the study of the life cycle of the parasite Marteilia, since uninfected mussels and flat oysters immersed in the bays can become infected. This, along with the geographical and ecological characteristics of the bays, make it a very interesting location to study the Marteilia life cycle. Preliminary results concerning marteiliosis, mainly in mussels, such as prevalence dynamics, infectious periods, host affinity and host intermediate candidates are reported in the present paper. This information will be required for further, more exhaustive, studies in the bays of the Ebre delta.
-
Comparative experimental infection of the copepod Paracartia grani with Marteilia refringens and Marteilia maurini.
Journal of fish diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Isabelle Arzul, M. D. Furones, Bruno Chollet, Maeva Robert, Jean-pierre Joly, Franck BertheAbstract:Paracartia grani (Copepoda) has been identified as a potential intermediate host in the life cycle of Marteilia refringens, a paramyxean parasite infecting flat oysters. However, no intermediate host has yet been identified for Marteilia maurini that infects mussels. A better understanding of the life cycle of these two Marteilia types would clarify their taxonomic relationship and hypothesized co-specificity. For this purpose, experimental infections of copepods, P. grani, were performed using naturally infected flat oysters and mussels. Infection patterns were different depending whether copepods were infected from oysters or mussels. M. maurini did not proliferate in copepods while M. refringens rapidly proliferated in infected copepods. Previously unrecognized developmental stages of M. refringens were found during this study.
Franck Berthe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Delta de l'Ebre is a natural bay model for Marteilia spp. (Paramyxea) dynamics and life-cycle studies.
Diseases of aquatic organisms, 2008Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Franck Berthe, Merce Durfort, Isabelle Arzul, Margarita Fernández-tejedor, M. D. FuronesAbstract:Marteilia spp. are paramyxean parasites that affect several bivalve species of economic interest, such as Ostrea edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis. Certain aspects of Marteilia spp., such as their life cycle and host affinity and infection dynamics, still remain unknown. The 'Delta de l'Ebre' constitutes a natural model for the study of the life cycle of the parasite Marteilia, since uninfected mussels and flat oysters immersed in the bays can become infected. This, along with the geographical and ecological characteristics of the bays, make it a very interesting location to study the Marteilia life cycle. Preliminary results concerning marteiliosis, mainly in mussels, such as prevalence dynamics, infectious periods, host affinity and host intermediate candidates are reported in the present paper. This information will be required for further, more exhaustive, studies in the bays of the Ebre delta.
-
Comparative experimental infection of the copepod Paracartia grani with Marteilia refringens and Marteilia maurini.
Journal of fish diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Isabelle Arzul, M. D. Furones, Bruno Chollet, Maeva Robert, Jean-pierre Joly, Franck BertheAbstract:Paracartia grani (Copepoda) has been identified as a potential intermediate host in the life cycle of Marteilia refringens, a paramyxean parasite infecting flat oysters. However, no intermediate host has yet been identified for Marteilia maurini that infects mussels. A better understanding of the life cycle of these two Marteilia types would clarify their taxonomic relationship and hypothesized co-specificity. For this purpose, experimental infections of copepods, P. grani, were performed using naturally infected flat oysters and mussels. Infection patterns were different depending whether copepods were infected from oysters or mussels. M. maurini did not proliferate in copepods while M. refringens rapidly proliferated in infected copepods. Previously unrecognized developmental stages of M. refringens were found during this study.
-
first record of a Marteilia parasite paramyxea in zooplankton populations from a natural estuarine environment
Aquaculture, 2007Co-Authors: Noelia Carrasco, Dolores M Furones, Franck Berthe, Inmaculada Lopezflores, Miquel Alcaraz, Isabelle ArzulAbstract:The life cycle of the species forming the genus Marteilia (Phylum Paramyxea), which are marine protozoan parasites of molluscs, is still poorly known, although there is evidence of the need for intermediate hosts. To date, only the calanoid copepod Acartia (Paracartia) grani has been demonstrated to be involved in the life cycle of the parasite infecting flat oysters growing in ponds with a low biodiversity. However, no complex natural environments, such as bays or estuaries, have been studied for a similar purpose. Therefore, a survey for the presence of the protozoan Marteilia was conducted by PCR on the zooplankton community of a natural ecosystem, the Alfacs and Fangar bays in the Delta de l'Ebre (NW Mediterranean). Identification of zooplankton species found infected allowed two new Marteilia hosts to be proposed: the cyclopoida Oithona sp. and an indeterminate harpaticoida species. This is the first report of Marteilia in zooplankton species sampled from a natural enzootic area.
-
Marteiliosis in molluscs: A review
Aquatic Living Resources, 2004Co-Authors: Franck Berthe, Frédérique Le Roux, Robert D. Adlard, Antonio FiguerasAbstract:Among mollusc pathogens, paramyxeans are an important group of protistan parasites belonging to the genera Marteilia and Marteilioides. Marteilia refringens and M. sydneyi are of particular concern given their potential impact on mollusc aquaculture world-wide. Aber disease and QX disease are currently listed by the OIE, the World Organisation for Animal Health. After more than thirty years of existence in the scientific literature, these organisms still pose questions and research challenges to investigators. This paper reviews current knowledge of the group and key references. The review was focused on taxonomy, epidemiology, pathology and potential control methods for these organisms in order to enhance understanding of paramyxean infection issues in mollusc aquaculture.
-
taxinomie et epidemiologie moleculaires du parasite Marteilia refringens grizel et al 1974 interet pour la gestion du risque sanitaire en conchyliculture
2002Co-Authors: Franck BertheAbstract:Les maladies infectieuses constituent un point de bloquage majeur au developpement et a la perennite des elevages de mollusques. Le modele huitre plate, Ostrea edulis et son parasite Marteilia refringens nous a permis d'aborder la prevention du transfert des maladies depuis leur zone d'occurrence endemique vers des zones indemnes, par le developpement et la mise au point d'outils de diagnostic specifiques, sensibles et fiables. Les sequences obtenues du gene codant pour la petite sous unite ribosomique ont permis de clarifier la phylogenie et la taxinomie de Marteilia refringens, jusqu'alors contraintes par les limites inherentes a l'exploration en microscopie. Nous avons montre les implications pratiques de la taxinomie et plaide pour une attitude pragmatique dans une demarche polyphasique, associant donnees moleculaires a des considerations de pathologie et d'epidemiologie. Cette approche nous a amene a proposer une distinction entre Marteilia refringens, parasite de l'huitre plate, Ostrea edulis, de Marteilia maurini, parasite de la moule, Mytilus edulis et M. Galloprovincialis. Un schema conceptuel du flux genique entre ces deux especes en cours de speciation alloxenique est propose qui devrait permettre de clarifier le role de la moule dans la propagation de la marteiliose a Marteilia refringens