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Albert D M E Osterhaus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pathological findings in the red fox vulpes vulpes stone marten Martes Foina and raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides with special emphasis on infectious and zoonotic agents in northern germany
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Charlotte Lempp, Nicole Jungwirth, Miguel L Grilo, Anja Reckendorf, Arlena Ulrich, Abbo Van Neer, Rogier Bodewes, Vanessa M Pfankuche, C Bauer, Albert D M E OsterhausAbstract:Anthropogenic landscape changes contributed to the reduction of availability of habitats to wild animals. Hence, the presence of wild terrestrial carnivores in urban and peri-urban sites has increased considerably over the years implying an increased risk of interspecies spillover of infectious diseases and the transmission of zoonoses. The present study provides a detailed characterisation of the health status of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), stone marten (Martes Foina) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in their natural rural and peri-urban habitats in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany between November 2013 and January 2016 with focus on zoonoses and infectious diseases that are potentially threatening to other wildlife or domestic animal species. 79 red foxes, 17 stone martens and 10 raccoon dogs were collected from traps or hunts. In order to detect morphological changes and potential infectious diseases, necropsy and pathohistological work-up was performed. Additionally, in selected animals immunohistochemistry (influenza A virus, parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, Borna disease virus, tick-borne encephalitis, canine adenovirus, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Listeria monocytogenes), next-generation sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (fox circovirus) and serum-neutralisation analysis (canine distemper virus) were performed. Furthermore, all animals were screened for fox rabies virus (immunofluorescence), canine distemper virus (immunohistochemistry) and Aujeszky’s disease (virus cultivation). The most important findings included encephalitis (n = 16) and pneumonia (n = 20). None of the investigations revealed a specific cause for the observed morphological alterations except for one animal with an elevated serum titer of 1:160 for canine distemper. Animals displayed macroscopically and/or histopathologically detectable infections with parasites, including Taenia sp., Toxocara sp. and Alaria alata. In summary, wildlife predators carry zoonotic parasitic disease and suffer from inflammatory diseases of yet unknown etiology, possibly bearing infectious potential for other animal species and humans. This study highlights the value of monitoring terrestrial wildlife following the “One Health” notion, to estimate the incidence and the possible spread of zoonotic pathogens and to avoid animal to animal spillover as well as transmission to humans.
Enrico Bollo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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GENERALISED AMYLOIDOSIS IN A BEECH MARTEN (Martes Foina)
Journal of Mountain Ecology, 2014Co-Authors: Enrico Bollo, Walter Mignone, E. Ferrero, Matteo Poggi, A. Donn, Bartolomeo BiolattiAbstract:Gli autori descrivono i reperti anatomo-istopatologici di un caso di amilodosi in una faina (Martes Foina).
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Systemic AL amyloidosis in a Beech Marten (Martes Foina).
Research in Veterinary Science, 2013Co-Authors: Frine Eleonora Scaglione, Walter Mignone, E. Ferrero, Matteo Poggi, Bartolomeo Biolatti, Enrico BolloAbstract:Abstract A wild Beech Marten ( Martes Foina ), was referred for necropsy to the Department of Animal Pathology of the University of Turin (Italy). At gross examination, whitish and firm masses, 10-mm in diameter, were found on the heart and in the kidney. Spleen showed lighter color and greater consistency, and the cut surface of the liver appeared scattered with whitish-yellow coalescing foci homogeneously distributed. Amyloid deposits were present in the perivascular and intercellular spaces of the visceral organs, such as the heart, liver, and kidneys. Amyloid stained positively with Congo red with and without 5% potassium permanganate pretreatment and showed green birefringence observable under polarized light. A diagnosis of systemic AL amyloidosis was made. This is the first description of systemic AL amyloidosis in a wild Stone Marten.
S.w. Hansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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behavioural and adrenocortical coping strategies and the effect on eosinophil leucocyte level and heterophil lymphocyte ratio in beech marten Martes Foina
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 1993Co-Authors: S.w. Hansen, B.m. DamgaardAbstract:Adaptation to captivity was examined in 18 female beech marten (Martes Foina), all captured and kept in the experimental cage systems for 9 months prior to the study. The behaviour of the animals was recorded over 24 h and feed intake measured in two periods over 5 days. Plasma cortisol concentration, number of eosinophil leucocytes and the heterophil/lymphocyte-ratio were measured by repeated blood sampling in the day and night hours. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the adaptation to captivity by establishing on the individual level the association between total activity, stereotypic activity and plasma cortisol. On the basis of the possible association, eosinophil leucocytes and heterophil/lymphocyte-ratio were indicators of welfare, demonstrating the applicability of the physiological variables. The results made it possible to conclude that the population can be divided into two types with regard to coping strategy. An active type characterized by a high activity level (A), in which the majority of activities is of stereotypic nature, and a passive type with a low activity level (B) not showing any stereotypic behaviour. Active beech marten are furthermore characterized by a considerably larger feed intake than passive beech marten. Active beech marten react to acute stress by increased stereotypic behaviour and a faster and larger cortisol response than passive beech marten which react by a generally reduced activity. Type A has a higher basic level of eosinophil leucocytes and a longer lasting reduction of the level as a response to repeated acute stress than B. At repeated acute stress, A reacts with a quicker and more constant increase in the heterophil/lymphocyte-ratio than B. At the same time a circadian variation in plasma cortisol concentration and number of eosinophil leucocytes was demonstrated, showing that the levels were higher in the morning than in the evening.
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Behavioural and adrenocortical coping strategies and the effect on eosinophil leucocyte level and heterophil/lymphocyte-ratio in beech marten (Martes Foina)
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 1993Co-Authors: S.w. Hansen, B.m. DamgaardAbstract:Adaptation to captivity was examined in 18 female beech marten (Martes Foina), all captured and kept in the experimental cage systems for 9 months prior to the study. The behaviour of the animals was recorded over 24 h and feed intake measured in two periods over 5 days. Plasma cortisol concentration, number of eosinophil leucocytes and the heterophil/lymphocyte-ratio were measured by repeated blood sampling in the day and night hours. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the adaptation to captivity by establishing on the individual level the association between total activity, stereotypic activity and plasma cortisol. On the basis of the possible association, eosinophil leucocytes and heterophil/lymphocyte-ratio were indicators of welfare, demonstrating the applicability of the physiological variables. The results made it possible to conclude that the population can be divided into two types with regard to coping strategy. An active type characterized by a high activity level (A), in which the majority of activities is of stereotypic nature, and a passive type with a low activity level (B) not showing any stereotypic behaviour. Active beech marten are furthermore characterized by a considerably larger feed intake than passive beech marten. Active beech marten react to acute stress by increased stereotypic behaviour and a faster and larger cortisol response than passive beech marten which react by a generally reduced activity. Type A has a higher basic level of eosinophil leucocytes and a longer lasting reduction of the level as a response to repeated acute stress than B. At repeated acute stress, A reacts with a quicker and more constant increase in the heterophil/lymphocyte-ratio than B. At the same time a circadian variation in plasma cortisol concentration and number of eosinophil leucocytes was demonstrated, showing that the levels were higher in the morning than in the evening.
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Hematological and plasma chemical characteristics in beech marten (Martes Foina)
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology, 1992Co-Authors: B.m. Damgaard, S.w. HansenAbstract:1. 1. The normal values of hematological and clinical-chemical variables in plasma of 21 males and 27 females of beech marten (Martes Foina) have been illustrated and compared to corresponding normal values in mink (Mustela vison) and ferret (Mustela putorius). 2. 2. The number of erythrocytes, the hematocrit value, and the hemoglobin concentration were higher in male than in female beech marten. 3. 3. Divergences according to age in the investigated variables have been found. 4. 4. The erythrocytes in beech marten are clearly smaller in size and volume and have a lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin than the erythrocytes in mink and ferret.
Frine Eleonora Scaglione - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Systemic AL amyloidosis in a Beech Marten (Martes Foina).
Research in Veterinary Science, 2013Co-Authors: Frine Eleonora Scaglione, Walter Mignone, E. Ferrero, Matteo Poggi, Bartolomeo Biolatti, Enrico BolloAbstract:Abstract A wild Beech Marten ( Martes Foina ), was referred for necropsy to the Department of Animal Pathology of the University of Turin (Italy). At gross examination, whitish and firm masses, 10-mm in diameter, were found on the heart and in the kidney. Spleen showed lighter color and greater consistency, and the cut surface of the liver appeared scattered with whitish-yellow coalescing foci homogeneously distributed. Amyloid deposits were present in the perivascular and intercellular spaces of the visceral organs, such as the heart, liver, and kidneys. Amyloid stained positively with Congo red with and without 5% potassium permanganate pretreatment and showed green birefringence observable under polarized light. A diagnosis of systemic AL amyloidosis was made. This is the first description of systemic AL amyloidosis in a wild Stone Marten.
Charlotte Lempp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pathological findings in the red fox vulpes vulpes stone marten Martes Foina and raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides with special emphasis on infectious and zoonotic agents in northern germany
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Charlotte Lempp, Nicole Jungwirth, Miguel L Grilo, Anja Reckendorf, Arlena Ulrich, Abbo Van Neer, Rogier Bodewes, Vanessa M Pfankuche, C Bauer, Albert D M E OsterhausAbstract:Anthropogenic landscape changes contributed to the reduction of availability of habitats to wild animals. Hence, the presence of wild terrestrial carnivores in urban and peri-urban sites has increased considerably over the years implying an increased risk of interspecies spillover of infectious diseases and the transmission of zoonoses. The present study provides a detailed characterisation of the health status of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), stone marten (Martes Foina) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in their natural rural and peri-urban habitats in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany between November 2013 and January 2016 with focus on zoonoses and infectious diseases that are potentially threatening to other wildlife or domestic animal species. 79 red foxes, 17 stone martens and 10 raccoon dogs were collected from traps or hunts. In order to detect morphological changes and potential infectious diseases, necropsy and pathohistological work-up was performed. Additionally, in selected animals immunohistochemistry (influenza A virus, parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, Borna disease virus, tick-borne encephalitis, canine adenovirus, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Listeria monocytogenes), next-generation sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (fox circovirus) and serum-neutralisation analysis (canine distemper virus) were performed. Furthermore, all animals were screened for fox rabies virus (immunofluorescence), canine distemper virus (immunohistochemistry) and Aujeszky’s disease (virus cultivation). The most important findings included encephalitis (n = 16) and pneumonia (n = 20). None of the investigations revealed a specific cause for the observed morphological alterations except for one animal with an elevated serum titer of 1:160 for canine distemper. Animals displayed macroscopically and/or histopathologically detectable infections with parasites, including Taenia sp., Toxocara sp. and Alaria alata. In summary, wildlife predators carry zoonotic parasitic disease and suffer from inflammatory diseases of yet unknown etiology, possibly bearing infectious potential for other animal species and humans. This study highlights the value of monitoring terrestrial wildlife following the “One Health” notion, to estimate the incidence and the possible spread of zoonotic pathogens and to avoid animal to animal spillover as well as transmission to humans.