The Experts below are selected from a list of 241842 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
William Honeychurch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Nomad as State Builder: Historical Theory and Material Evidence from Mongolia
Journal of World Prehistory, 2013Co-Authors: William HoneychurchAbstract:Theory on nomadic political complexity has largely been based on twentieth century ethnography and numerous historical accounts of the military confederations of pastoral nomads. Over the past two decades, archaeologists have increasingly used Material Evidence to evaluate ideas about nomadic polities and have added indigenous and local-scale perspectives to an understanding of nomadic political process in many regions across the Old World. One of these is Mongolia, a major center of nomadic state and empire formation, where archaeologists have recently focused attention on an early regional polity that arose at the end of the first millennium BC and is known as the Xiongnu (also Hsiung-nu) state. This paper synthesizes the latest archaeological research on the Xiongnu state in order to evaluate historical models that explain state emergence among nomads on the far eastern steppe. The Material record from Mongolia adds the detail and resolution needed to refine existing explanations for Xiongnu state emergence.
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the nomad as state builder historical theory and Material Evidence from mongolia
Journal of World Prehistory, 2013Co-Authors: William HoneychurchAbstract:Theory on nomadic political complexity has largely been based on twentieth century ethnography and numerous historical accounts of the military confederations of pastoral nomads. Over the past two decades, archaeologists have increasingly used Material Evidence to evaluate ideas about nomadic polities and have added indigenous and local-scale perspectives to an understanding of nomadic political process in many regions across the Old World. One of these is Mongolia, a major center of nomadic state and empire formation, where archaeologists have recently focused attention on an early regional polity that arose at the end of the first millennium BC and is known as the Xiongnu (also Hsiung-nu) state. This paper synthesizes the latest archaeological research on the Xiongnu state in order to evaluate historical models that explain state emergence among nomads on the far eastern steppe. The Material record from Mongolia adds the detail and resolution needed to refine existing explanations for Xiongnu state emergence. Open image in new window
Kenneth A. Voss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fumonisin concentrations and in vivo toxicity of nixtamalized fusarium verticillioides culture Material Evidence for fumonisin matrix interactions
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: T.d. Burns, Ronald T. Riley, Maurice E. Snook, Kenneth A. VossAbstract:The toxic potential of nixtamalized foods can be underestimated if, during cooking, reversible fumonisin-food matrix interactions reduce the amount of mycotoxin that is detected but not the amount that is bioavailable. Fusarium verticillioides culture Material (CM) was nixtamalized as is (NCM) or after mixing with ground corn (NCMC). Additional portions were sham nixtamalized without (SCM) or with corn (SCMC). Nixtamalization and sham nixtamalization reduced FB 1 ; CM, NCM, and SCM diets contained 9.08, 2.08, and 1.19 ppm, respectively. FB 1 was further reduced in the NCMC (0.49 ppm) but not the SCMC (1.01 ppm) diets compared to their NCM and SCM counterparts. Equivalent weights of the cooked products, uncooked CM, corn (UC) or nixtamalized UC (NUC) were fed to rats for up to three weeks. Kidney lesions in the NCM-fed group were less severe than in the CM-fed, positive control group and no lesions were found in the NCMC and other groups. Group kidney sphinganine (biomarker offumonisin exposure) concentrations decreased in the order: CM (absolute concentration (nmol/g) = 600-800) > NCM (400-600) > SCM and SCMC (30-90) > NCMC, UC and NUC (<8). Together, these results suggest that mycotoxin-corn matrix interactions during nixtamalization reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of FB 1 .
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Fumonisin concentrations and in vivo toxicity of nixtamalized Fusarium verticillioides culture Material: Evidence for fumonisin-matrix interactions.
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: T.d. Burns, Ronald T. Riley, Maurice E. Snook, Kenneth A. VossAbstract:The toxic potential of nixtamalized foods can be underestimated if, during cooking, reversible fumonisin-food matrix interactions reduce the amount of mycotoxin that is detected but not the amount that is bioavailable. Fusarium verticillioides culture Material (CM) was nixtamalized as is (NCM) or after mixing with ground corn (NCMC). Additional portions were sham nixtamalized without (SCM) or with corn (SCMC). Nixtamalization and sham nixtamalization reduced FB 1 ; CM, NCM, and SCM diets contained 9.08, 2.08, and 1.19 ppm, respectively. FB 1 was further reduced in the NCMC (0.49 ppm) but not the SCMC (1.01 ppm) diets compared to their NCM and SCM counterparts. Equivalent weights of the cooked products, uncooked CM, corn (UC) or nixtamalized UC (NUC) were fed to rats for up to three weeks. Kidney lesions in the NCM-fed group were less severe than in the CM-fed, positive control group and no lesions were found in the NCMC and other groups. Group kidney sphinganine (biomarker offumonisin exposure) concentrations decreased in the order: CM (absolute concentration (nmol/g) = 600-800) > NCM (400-600) > SCM and SCMC (30-90) > NCMC, UC and NUC (
T.d. Burns - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fumonisin concentrations and in vivo toxicity of nixtamalized fusarium verticillioides culture Material Evidence for fumonisin matrix interactions
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: T.d. Burns, Ronald T. Riley, Maurice E. Snook, Kenneth A. VossAbstract:The toxic potential of nixtamalized foods can be underestimated if, during cooking, reversible fumonisin-food matrix interactions reduce the amount of mycotoxin that is detected but not the amount that is bioavailable. Fusarium verticillioides culture Material (CM) was nixtamalized as is (NCM) or after mixing with ground corn (NCMC). Additional portions were sham nixtamalized without (SCM) or with corn (SCMC). Nixtamalization and sham nixtamalization reduced FB 1 ; CM, NCM, and SCM diets contained 9.08, 2.08, and 1.19 ppm, respectively. FB 1 was further reduced in the NCMC (0.49 ppm) but not the SCMC (1.01 ppm) diets compared to their NCM and SCM counterparts. Equivalent weights of the cooked products, uncooked CM, corn (UC) or nixtamalized UC (NUC) were fed to rats for up to three weeks. Kidney lesions in the NCM-fed group were less severe than in the CM-fed, positive control group and no lesions were found in the NCMC and other groups. Group kidney sphinganine (biomarker offumonisin exposure) concentrations decreased in the order: CM (absolute concentration (nmol/g) = 600-800) > NCM (400-600) > SCM and SCMC (30-90) > NCMC, UC and NUC (<8). Together, these results suggest that mycotoxin-corn matrix interactions during nixtamalization reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of FB 1 .
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Fumonisin concentrations and in vivo toxicity of nixtamalized Fusarium verticillioides culture Material: Evidence for fumonisin-matrix interactions.
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: T.d. Burns, Ronald T. Riley, Maurice E. Snook, Kenneth A. VossAbstract:The toxic potential of nixtamalized foods can be underestimated if, during cooking, reversible fumonisin-food matrix interactions reduce the amount of mycotoxin that is detected but not the amount that is bioavailable. Fusarium verticillioides culture Material (CM) was nixtamalized as is (NCM) or after mixing with ground corn (NCMC). Additional portions were sham nixtamalized without (SCM) or with corn (SCMC). Nixtamalization and sham nixtamalization reduced FB 1 ; CM, NCM, and SCM diets contained 9.08, 2.08, and 1.19 ppm, respectively. FB 1 was further reduced in the NCMC (0.49 ppm) but not the SCMC (1.01 ppm) diets compared to their NCM and SCM counterparts. Equivalent weights of the cooked products, uncooked CM, corn (UC) or nixtamalized UC (NUC) were fed to rats for up to three weeks. Kidney lesions in the NCM-fed group were less severe than in the CM-fed, positive control group and no lesions were found in the NCMC and other groups. Group kidney sphinganine (biomarker offumonisin exposure) concentrations decreased in the order: CM (absolute concentration (nmol/g) = 600-800) > NCM (400-600) > SCM and SCMC (30-90) > NCMC, UC and NUC (
Ronald T. Riley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fumonisin concentrations and in vivo toxicity of nixtamalized fusarium verticillioides culture Material Evidence for fumonisin matrix interactions
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: T.d. Burns, Ronald T. Riley, Maurice E. Snook, Kenneth A. VossAbstract:The toxic potential of nixtamalized foods can be underestimated if, during cooking, reversible fumonisin-food matrix interactions reduce the amount of mycotoxin that is detected but not the amount that is bioavailable. Fusarium verticillioides culture Material (CM) was nixtamalized as is (NCM) or after mixing with ground corn (NCMC). Additional portions were sham nixtamalized without (SCM) or with corn (SCMC). Nixtamalization and sham nixtamalization reduced FB 1 ; CM, NCM, and SCM diets contained 9.08, 2.08, and 1.19 ppm, respectively. FB 1 was further reduced in the NCMC (0.49 ppm) but not the SCMC (1.01 ppm) diets compared to their NCM and SCM counterparts. Equivalent weights of the cooked products, uncooked CM, corn (UC) or nixtamalized UC (NUC) were fed to rats for up to three weeks. Kidney lesions in the NCM-fed group were less severe than in the CM-fed, positive control group and no lesions were found in the NCMC and other groups. Group kidney sphinganine (biomarker offumonisin exposure) concentrations decreased in the order: CM (absolute concentration (nmol/g) = 600-800) > NCM (400-600) > SCM and SCMC (30-90) > NCMC, UC and NUC (<8). Together, these results suggest that mycotoxin-corn matrix interactions during nixtamalization reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of FB 1 .
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Fumonisin concentrations and in vivo toxicity of nixtamalized Fusarium verticillioides culture Material: Evidence for fumonisin-matrix interactions.
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: T.d. Burns, Ronald T. Riley, Maurice E. Snook, Kenneth A. VossAbstract:The toxic potential of nixtamalized foods can be underestimated if, during cooking, reversible fumonisin-food matrix interactions reduce the amount of mycotoxin that is detected but not the amount that is bioavailable. Fusarium verticillioides culture Material (CM) was nixtamalized as is (NCM) or after mixing with ground corn (NCMC). Additional portions were sham nixtamalized without (SCM) or with corn (SCMC). Nixtamalization and sham nixtamalization reduced FB 1 ; CM, NCM, and SCM diets contained 9.08, 2.08, and 1.19 ppm, respectively. FB 1 was further reduced in the NCMC (0.49 ppm) but not the SCMC (1.01 ppm) diets compared to their NCM and SCM counterparts. Equivalent weights of the cooked products, uncooked CM, corn (UC) or nixtamalized UC (NUC) were fed to rats for up to three weeks. Kidney lesions in the NCM-fed group were less severe than in the CM-fed, positive control group and no lesions were found in the NCMC and other groups. Group kidney sphinganine (biomarker offumonisin exposure) concentrations decreased in the order: CM (absolute concentration (nmol/g) = 600-800) > NCM (400-600) > SCM and SCMC (30-90) > NCMC, UC and NUC (
Maurice E. Snook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fumonisin concentrations and in vivo toxicity of nixtamalized fusarium verticillioides culture Material Evidence for fumonisin matrix interactions
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: T.d. Burns, Ronald T. Riley, Maurice E. Snook, Kenneth A. VossAbstract:The toxic potential of nixtamalized foods can be underestimated if, during cooking, reversible fumonisin-food matrix interactions reduce the amount of mycotoxin that is detected but not the amount that is bioavailable. Fusarium verticillioides culture Material (CM) was nixtamalized as is (NCM) or after mixing with ground corn (NCMC). Additional portions were sham nixtamalized without (SCM) or with corn (SCMC). Nixtamalization and sham nixtamalization reduced FB 1 ; CM, NCM, and SCM diets contained 9.08, 2.08, and 1.19 ppm, respectively. FB 1 was further reduced in the NCMC (0.49 ppm) but not the SCMC (1.01 ppm) diets compared to their NCM and SCM counterparts. Equivalent weights of the cooked products, uncooked CM, corn (UC) or nixtamalized UC (NUC) were fed to rats for up to three weeks. Kidney lesions in the NCM-fed group were less severe than in the CM-fed, positive control group and no lesions were found in the NCMC and other groups. Group kidney sphinganine (biomarker offumonisin exposure) concentrations decreased in the order: CM (absolute concentration (nmol/g) = 600-800) > NCM (400-600) > SCM and SCMC (30-90) > NCMC, UC and NUC (<8). Together, these results suggest that mycotoxin-corn matrix interactions during nixtamalization reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of FB 1 .
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Fumonisin concentrations and in vivo toxicity of nixtamalized Fusarium verticillioides culture Material: Evidence for fumonisin-matrix interactions.
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: T.d. Burns, Ronald T. Riley, Maurice E. Snook, Kenneth A. VossAbstract:The toxic potential of nixtamalized foods can be underestimated if, during cooking, reversible fumonisin-food matrix interactions reduce the amount of mycotoxin that is detected but not the amount that is bioavailable. Fusarium verticillioides culture Material (CM) was nixtamalized as is (NCM) or after mixing with ground corn (NCMC). Additional portions were sham nixtamalized without (SCM) or with corn (SCMC). Nixtamalization and sham nixtamalization reduced FB 1 ; CM, NCM, and SCM diets contained 9.08, 2.08, and 1.19 ppm, respectively. FB 1 was further reduced in the NCMC (0.49 ppm) but not the SCMC (1.01 ppm) diets compared to their NCM and SCM counterparts. Equivalent weights of the cooked products, uncooked CM, corn (UC) or nixtamalized UC (NUC) were fed to rats for up to three weeks. Kidney lesions in the NCM-fed group were less severe than in the CM-fed, positive control group and no lesions were found in the NCMC and other groups. Group kidney sphinganine (biomarker offumonisin exposure) concentrations decreased in the order: CM (absolute concentration (nmol/g) = 600-800) > NCM (400-600) > SCM and SCMC (30-90) > NCMC, UC and NUC (
