The Experts below are selected from a list of 22626 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Susan S Margulies - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Material properties of human infant skull and suture at high rates
    Journal of Neurotrauma, 2006
    Co-Authors: Brittany Coats, Susan S Margulies
    Abstract:

    Clinicians are often faced with the challenging task of distinguishing between accidental and inflicted pediatric head trauma. There is currently a disparity in the anecdotal case study literature as to what kinds of injuries can occur in children from low height falls. There is also a paucity of Material Property Data for pediatric skull and suture at rates similar to those expected in low height falls. We tested human infant (<1 year old) cranial bone and suture from 23 calveria in three-point bending and tension, respectively, at rates ranging from 1.2–2.8 m/sec. Donor age was found to have the largest influence on the elastic modulus and ultimate stress of cranial bone, with an increase in age increasing both Material properties. In adults, cranial bone and suture have similar properties and the adult calveria deforms very little prior to fracture. In contrast, pediatric cranial bone is 35 times stiffer than pediatric cranial suture. In addition, pediatric cranial suture deforms 30 times more before f...

  • Material properties of human infant skull and suture at high rates
    Journal of Neurotrauma, 2006
    Co-Authors: Brittany Coats, Susan S Margulies
    Abstract:

    Clinicians are often faced with the challenging task of distinguishing between accidental and inflicted pediatric head trauma. There is currently a disparity in the anecdotal case study literature as to what kinds of injuries can occur in children from low height falls. There is also a paucity of Material Property Data for pediatric skull and suture at rates similar to those expected in low height falls. We tested human infant (<1 year old) cranial bone and suture from 23 calveria in three-point bending and tension, respectively, at rates ranging from 1.2-2.8 m/sec. Donor age was found to have the largest influence on the elastic modulus and ultimate stress of cranial bone, with an increase in age increasing both Material properties. In adults, cranial bone and suture have similar properties and the adult calveria deforms very little prior to fracture. In contrast, pediatric cranial bone is 35 times stiffer than pediatric cranial suture. In addition, pediatric cranial suture deforms 30 times more before failure than pediatric cranial bone and 243 times more than adult cranial bone. The large strains in the pediatric bone and suture result in a skullcase that can undergo dramatic shape changes before fracture, potentially causing substantial deformation in the brain. The sizeable difference between pediatric bone and suture Material properties also underscores the crucial role that sutures play in the unique response of the pediatric head to impact in low height falls. These Data provide necessary information to enhance our understanding of mechanisms of head injury in young children.

Kenneth T Stanton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • regression analysis of temperature dependent mechanical and thermal properties of dielectric technical ceramics
    Journal of Materials Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Daithi De Faoite, David J Browne, Kenneth T Stanton
    Abstract:

    Regression analysis is performed on a Data set of temperature-dependent Material properties of several ceramic Materials. The Materials considered are alumina, aluminium nitride, beryllia, fused quartz, sialon, and silicon nitride. The properties considered are density, Young’s, bulk, and shear moduli, Poisson’s ratio, tensile, flexural and compressive strength, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal expansion coefficient. The Data set, previously reported by de Faoite et al. (J Mater Sci 47(10):4211, 2012), was compiled to facilitate the Materials selection and design of a ceramic component for the Variable Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR®). Temperature-dependent Material Property Data are required for accurate thermo-structural modelling of such ceramic components which operate over a wide temperature range. The goal of this paper is to calculate a set of regression coefficients to reduce this Data set to a tractable format for use in the Materials selection and design of such components. Regression analysis could not be performed for all Material properties for all of these Materials, due to a lack of Data in the literature, and these gaps in the available Data are highlighted.

  • A review of the processing, composition, and temperature-dependent mechanical and thermal properties of dielectric technical ceramics
    Journal of Materials Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: Daithi De Faoite, David J Browne, Franklin R. Chang-díaz, Kenneth T Stanton
    Abstract:

    The current review uses the Material requirements of a new space propulsion device, the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR^®) as a basis for presenting the temperature-dependent properties of a range of dielectric ceramics, but Data presented could be used in the engineering design of any ceramic component with complementary Material requirements. A Material is required for the gas containment tube (GCT) of VASIMR^® to allow it to operate at higher power levels. The GCT’s operating conditions place severe constraints on the choice of Material. An electrically-insulating Material is required with a high-thermal conductivity, low-dielectric loss factor, and high-thermal shock resistance. There is a lack of a representative set of temperature-dependent Material Property Data for Materials considered for this application and these are required for accurate thermo-structural modelling. This modelling would facilitate the selection of an optimum Material for this component. The goal of this article is to determine the best Material Property Data values for use in the Materials selection and design of such components. A review of both experimentally and theoretically determined temperature-dependent and room temperature properties of several Materials has been undertaken. Data extracted are presented by Property. Properties reviewed are density, Young’s, bulk and shear moduli, Poisson’s ratio, tensile, flexural and compressive strength, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, and the factors affecting maximum service temperature. Materials reviewed are alumina, aluminium nitride, beryllia, fused quartz, sialon, and silicon nitride.

Ali R Massih - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • modelling and simulation of reactor fuel cladding under loss of coolant accident conditions
    Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Tero Manngard, Ali R Massih
    Abstract:

    We present a unified model for calculation of zirconium alloy fuel cladding rupture during a postulated loss-of-coolant accident in light water reactors. The model treats the Zr alloy solid-to-solid phase transformation kinetics, cladding creep deformation, oxidation, and rupture as functions of temperature and time in an integrated fashion during the transient. The fuel cladding Material considered here is Zircaloy-4, for which Material Property Data (model parameters) are taken from the literature. We have modelled and simulated single-rod transient burst tests in which the rod internal pressure and the heating rate were kept constant during each test. The results are compared with experimental Data on cladding rupture strain, temperature, and pressure. The agreement between computations and measurements in general is satisfactory. The effects of heating rate and rod internal pressure on the rupture strain are evaluated on the basis of systematic parameter variations of these quantities. In the α-phase ...

Brittany Coats - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Material properties of human infant skull and suture at high rates
    Journal of Neurotrauma, 2006
    Co-Authors: Brittany Coats, Susan S Margulies
    Abstract:

    Clinicians are often faced with the challenging task of distinguishing between accidental and inflicted pediatric head trauma. There is currently a disparity in the anecdotal case study literature as to what kinds of injuries can occur in children from low height falls. There is also a paucity of Material Property Data for pediatric skull and suture at rates similar to those expected in low height falls. We tested human infant (<1 year old) cranial bone and suture from 23 calveria in three-point bending and tension, respectively, at rates ranging from 1.2–2.8 m/sec. Donor age was found to have the largest influence on the elastic modulus and ultimate stress of cranial bone, with an increase in age increasing both Material properties. In adults, cranial bone and suture have similar properties and the adult calveria deforms very little prior to fracture. In contrast, pediatric cranial bone is 35 times stiffer than pediatric cranial suture. In addition, pediatric cranial suture deforms 30 times more before f...

  • Material properties of human infant skull and suture at high rates
    Journal of Neurotrauma, 2006
    Co-Authors: Brittany Coats, Susan S Margulies
    Abstract:

    Clinicians are often faced with the challenging task of distinguishing between accidental and inflicted pediatric head trauma. There is currently a disparity in the anecdotal case study literature as to what kinds of injuries can occur in children from low height falls. There is also a paucity of Material Property Data for pediatric skull and suture at rates similar to those expected in low height falls. We tested human infant (<1 year old) cranial bone and suture from 23 calveria in three-point bending and tension, respectively, at rates ranging from 1.2-2.8 m/sec. Donor age was found to have the largest influence on the elastic modulus and ultimate stress of cranial bone, with an increase in age increasing both Material properties. In adults, cranial bone and suture have similar properties and the adult calveria deforms very little prior to fracture. In contrast, pediatric cranial bone is 35 times stiffer than pediatric cranial suture. In addition, pediatric cranial suture deforms 30 times more before failure than pediatric cranial bone and 243 times more than adult cranial bone. The large strains in the pediatric bone and suture result in a skullcase that can undergo dramatic shape changes before fracture, potentially causing substantial deformation in the brain. The sizeable difference between pediatric bone and suture Material properties also underscores the crucial role that sutures play in the unique response of the pediatric head to impact in low height falls. These Data provide necessary information to enhance our understanding of mechanisms of head injury in young children.

Daithi De Faoite - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • regression analysis of temperature dependent mechanical and thermal properties of dielectric technical ceramics
    Journal of Materials Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Daithi De Faoite, David J Browne, Kenneth T Stanton
    Abstract:

    Regression analysis is performed on a Data set of temperature-dependent Material properties of several ceramic Materials. The Materials considered are alumina, aluminium nitride, beryllia, fused quartz, sialon, and silicon nitride. The properties considered are density, Young’s, bulk, and shear moduli, Poisson’s ratio, tensile, flexural and compressive strength, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal expansion coefficient. The Data set, previously reported by de Faoite et al. (J Mater Sci 47(10):4211, 2012), was compiled to facilitate the Materials selection and design of a ceramic component for the Variable Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR®). Temperature-dependent Material Property Data are required for accurate thermo-structural modelling of such ceramic components which operate over a wide temperature range. The goal of this paper is to calculate a set of regression coefficients to reduce this Data set to a tractable format for use in the Materials selection and design of such components. Regression analysis could not be performed for all Material properties for all of these Materials, due to a lack of Data in the literature, and these gaps in the available Data are highlighted.

  • A review of the processing, composition, and temperature-dependent mechanical and thermal properties of dielectric technical ceramics
    Journal of Materials Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: Daithi De Faoite, David J Browne, Franklin R. Chang-díaz, Kenneth T Stanton
    Abstract:

    The current review uses the Material requirements of a new space propulsion device, the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR^®) as a basis for presenting the temperature-dependent properties of a range of dielectric ceramics, but Data presented could be used in the engineering design of any ceramic component with complementary Material requirements. A Material is required for the gas containment tube (GCT) of VASIMR^® to allow it to operate at higher power levels. The GCT’s operating conditions place severe constraints on the choice of Material. An electrically-insulating Material is required with a high-thermal conductivity, low-dielectric loss factor, and high-thermal shock resistance. There is a lack of a representative set of temperature-dependent Material Property Data for Materials considered for this application and these are required for accurate thermo-structural modelling. This modelling would facilitate the selection of an optimum Material for this component. The goal of this article is to determine the best Material Property Data values for use in the Materials selection and design of such components. A review of both experimentally and theoretically determined temperature-dependent and room temperature properties of several Materials has been undertaken. Data extracted are presented by Property. Properties reviewed are density, Young’s, bulk and shear moduli, Poisson’s ratio, tensile, flexural and compressive strength, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, and the factors affecting maximum service temperature. Materials reviewed are alumina, aluminium nitride, beryllia, fused quartz, sialon, and silicon nitride.