The Experts below are selected from a list of 300 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Brunetnavarro Pau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • climate mitigation by energy and Material Substitution of wood products has an expiry date
    Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021
    Co-Authors: Brunetnavarro Pau, Jochheim Hubert, Cardellini Giuseppe, Richter Klaus, Muys Bart
    Abstract:

    Abstract The expected increased share of renewables due to the ongoing energy transition may reduce the estimated potential mitigation effect of wood. Here, we estimated the climate change mitigation effect for five scenarios of wood products use in Europe applying dynamic Substitution factors embracing a future energy mix with an increasing share of renewables in accordance with the emission reductions necessary to achieve the Paris Agreement targets. Our innovative modelling approach also included the elimination of eternal recycling loops, the inclusion of more realistic wood use cascading scenarios, and adoption of a more realistic marginal (ceteris paribus) Substitution approach. Results show that the mitigation effect derived from Material Substitution is 33% lower in 2030 than previously predicted, and even 96% lower in 2100, showing its expiry date by the end of the century. Nevertheless, the mitigation effect of wood product use, in addition to mitigation by forests, may represent 3.3% of the European emission reduction targets by 2030.

Paul Leahy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment between landfilling and Co-Processing of waste from decommissioned Irish wind turbine blades
    Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020
    Co-Authors: Angela J. Nagle, Emma L. Delaney, Lawrence C. Bank, Paul Leahy
    Abstract:

    Abstract Dealing with composite waste from decommissioned wind turbine blades will become a major issue in the coming years. This study aims to determine the most sustainable disposal method for Irish blade waste in the next ten years by using life cycle assessment to compare three scenarios: Co-processing in cement kilns in Germany, co-processing in Ireland, and landfill in Ireland. The results of this study establish a baseline impact scenario with which to compare future repurposing solutions, which are higher on the European Waste Hierarchy. Co-processing is not carried out in Ireland at the moment, but as blade waste increases, there is a strong likelihood of it becoming viable. Co-processing utilizes shredded blade waste to replace fuel and raw Materials in the production of clinker, whereby environmental gains are made through Material Substitution. Comparative Life Cycle Assessment is used to determine which scenario is the least environmentally impactful, and which of the variables has the strongest impact. Co-processing in Ireland is determined to be the least impactful, due to the Material Substitution and the reduced transport. Material Substitution is found to have a stronger impact than increased transport between Ireland and Germany. There is, however, a concern with co-processing as a preferred method to dispose of Irish blade waste in that the ease of disposal in this fashion might de-incentivize repurposing. Future research is needed to compare the costs of co-processing to other repurposing ideas, and to develop policy that requires farm owners to set aside bonds to pay for more sustainable second life options for blade waste. This will ensure that the option of co-processing in Ireland is passed over for a more sustainable Irish alternative.

Kampus Gong Badak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • quality characteristics of spent duck sausages containing surimi like Material Substitution during refrigerated storage
    International Journal of Poultry Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ishamri Ismail, Nurul Huda, Fazilah Ariffin, Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak
    Abstract:

    The quality characteristics of duck sausages prepared using different treatment were evaluated. Physicochemical, sensory and microbial properties of sausages containing duck surimi-like Material Substitution with cryoprotectant added (CPP) and without cryoprotectant added (NPP), antioxidant added (BHA) and, duck mince (as the control, CON) were compared. CPP and NPP sample had significantly higher (p<0.05) moisture content and lower protein and fat content compared with CON sample. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) value of all sample increased as the storage time increased up to day 30, but thereafter it decreased in all of the samples. CPP sample had significantly lower TBARS value (p<0.05) and this value remained lower than those of the other samples throughout the refrigerated storage time. Addition of duck surimi-like Material to the sausages had significant effects (p<0.05) on hardness , gumminess and chewiness values of CPP and NPP sample. Treatment had no significant effect on sensory attributes of sausages prepared from duck meat. CPP sample had lower microbial activity during 40 days of refrigerated storage. However, BHA sample had no significant difference in microbial activity compared with CON sample. The results indicate that duck surimi-like Material Substitution with cryoprotectant added improves quality characteristics of duck sausages during refrigerated storage than the other treatments.

  • Quality Characteristics of Spent Duck Sausages Containing Surimi Like Material Substitution During Refrigerated Storage
    International Journal of Poultry Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ishamri Ismail, Nurul Huda, Fazilah Ariffin, Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak
    Abstract:

    The quality characteristics of duck sausages prepared using different treatment were evaluated. Physicochemical, sensory and microbial properties of sausages containing duck surimi-like Material Substitution with cryoprotectant added (CPP) and without cryoprotectant added (NPP), antioxidant added (BHA) and, duck mince (as the control, CON) were compared. CPP and NPP sample had significantly higher (p

Ilkka Savolainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Global warming potential factors and warming payback time as climate indicators of forest biomass use
    Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kim Pingoud, Tommi Ekholm, Ilkka Savolainen
    Abstract:

    A method is presented for estimating the global warming impact of forest biomass life cycles with respect to their functionally equivalent alternatives based on fossil fuels and non-renewable Material sources. In the method, absolute global warming potentials (AGWP) of both the temporary carbon (C) debt of forest biomass stock and the C credit of the biomass use cycle displacing the fossil and non-renewable alternative are estimated as a function of the time frame of climate change mitigation. Dimensionless global warming potential (GWP) factors, GWP_bio and GWP_biouse, are derived. As numerical examples, 1) bioenergy from boreal forest harvest residues to displace fossil fuels and 2) the use of wood for Material Substitution are considered. The GWP-based indicator leads to longer payback times, i.e. the time frame needed for the biomass option to be superior to its fossil-based alternative, than when just the cumulative balance of biogenic and fossil C stocks is considered. The warming payback time increases substantially with the residue diameter and low displacement factor (DF) of fossil C emissions. For the 35-cm stumps, the payback time appears to be more than 100 years in the climate conditions of Southern Finland when DF is lower than 0.5 in instant use and lower than 0.6 in continuous stump use. Wood use for construction appears to be more beneficial because, in addition to displaced emissions due to by-product bioenergy and Material Substitution, a significant part of round wood is sequestered into wood products for a long period, and even a zero payback time would be attainable with reasonable DFs.

Thomas E. Graedel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Material Substitution: a resource supply perspective
    Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2002
    Co-Authors: Thomas E. Graedel
    Abstract:

    Abstract A common approach in ‘green design’ is to replace a potentially hazardous Material or process by one that appears less problematic. This seemingly reasonable action can sometimes be undesirable, however, if it results in the rapid depletion of a potentially scarce resource or increased extraction of other environmentally problematic Materials. Several examples of such equivocal proposals are presented, and a formalism is developed for a resource supply perspective on Material Substitutions.