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Edward D. Barker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Maternal Depression symptoms unhealthy diet and child emotional behavioural dysregulation
Psychological Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Pinacamacho, Sarah K. G. Jensen, Darya Gaysina, Edward D. BarkerAbstract:Background: Maternal Depression and unhealthy diet are well-known risk factors for adverse child emotional–behavioural outcomes, but their developmental relationships during the prenatal and postnatal periods are largely uncharted. This study sought to examine the inter-relationships between Maternal Depression symptoms and unhealthy diet (assessed during pregnancy and postnatal periods) in relation to child emotional–behavioural dysregulation (assessed at the ages of 2, 4 and 7 years). Method: In a large prospective birth cohort of 7814 mother–child pairs, path analysis was used to examine the independent and inter-related associations of Maternal Depression symptoms and unhealthy diet with child dysregulation. Results: Higher prenatal Maternal Depression symptoms were prospectively associated with higher unhealthy diet, both during pregnancy and the postnatal period, which, in turn, was associated with higher child dysregulation up to the age of 7 years. In addition, during pregnancy, higher Maternal Depression symptoms and unhealthy diet were each independently associated with higher child dysregulation up to the age of 7 years. These results were robust to other prenatal, perinatal and postnatal confounders (such as parity and birth complications, poverty, Maternal education, etc.). Conclusions: Maternal Depression symptoms and unhealthy diet show important developmental associations, but are also independent risk factors for abnormal child development.
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developmental inter relations between early Maternal Depression contextual risks and interpersonal stress and their effect on later child cognitive functioning
Depression and Anxiety, 2014Co-Authors: Sarah K. G. Jensen, Edward D. Barker, Iroise DumontheilAbstract:BACKGROUND: Maternal Depression and contextual risks (e.g. poverty) are known to impact children's cognitive and social functioning. However, few published studies have examined how stress in the social environment (i.e. interpersonal stress) might developmentally inter-relate with Maternal Depression and contextual risks to negatively affect a child in these domains. This was the purpose of the current study. METHOD: Mother-child pairs (n = 6979) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents were the study participants. Mothers reported on Depression, contextual risks, and interpersonal stress between pregnancy and 33 months child age. At age 8, the children underwent cognitive assessments and the mothers reported on the children's social cognitive skills. RESULTS: Maternal Depression, contextual risks, and interpersonal stress showed strong continuity and developmental inter-relatedness. Maternal Depression and contextual risks directly predicted a range of child outcomes, including executive functions and social cognitive skills. Interpersonal stress worked indirectly via Maternal Depression and contextual risks to negatively affect child outcomes. CONCLUSION: Maternal Depression and contextual risks each increased interpersonal stress in the household, which, in turn, contributed to reduced child cognitive and social functioning. Language: en
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prenatal Maternal Depression symptoms and nutrition and child cognitive function
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Edward D. Barker, Natasha Z Kirkham, Sarah K. G. JensenAbstract:Background Little is currently known about how Maternal Depression symptoms and unhealthy nutrition during pregnancy may developmentally interrelate to negatively affect child cognitive function. Aims To test whether prenatal Maternal Depression symptoms predict poor prenatal nutrition, and whether this in turn prospectively associates with reduced postnatal child cognitive function. Method In 6979 mother-offspring pairs participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in the UK, Maternal Depression symptoms were assessed five times between 18 weeks gestation and 33 months old. Maternal reports of the nutritional environment were assessed at 32 weeks gestation and 47 months old, and child cognitive function was assessed at age 8 years. Results During gestation, higher depressive symptoms were related to lower levels of healthy nutrition and higher levels of unhealthy nutrition, each of which in turn was prospectively associated with reduced cognitive function. These results were robust to postnatal Depression symptoms and nutrition, as well as a range of potential prenatal and postnatal confounds (i.e. poverty, teenage mother, low Maternal education, parity, birth complications, substance use, criminal lifestyle, partner cruelty towards mother). Conclusions Prenatal interventions aimed at the well-being of children of parents with Depression should consider targeting the nutritional environment.
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the duration and timing of Maternal Depression as a moderator of the relationship between dependent interpersonal stress contextual risk and early child dysregulation
Psychological Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Edward D. BarkerAbstract:Background. Risk factors that are associated with Depression in the mother also negatively affect the child. This research sought to extend current knowledge by examining the duration and timing of Maternal Depression as a moderator of : (1) the impact of dependent interpersonal stress (DIS), such as partner conflict or low social support, and contextual risk (e.g. poverty) on child dysregulation ; and (2) continuity in early child dysregulation. Method. Mother–child pairs (n=12 152) who participated in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were examined between pregnancy and age 4 years. Data on Maternal Depression were collected five times between pregnancy and 33 months postpartum ; on DIS and contextual risk three times between pregnancy and 33 months ; and on child dysregulation at age 2 and 4 years. Results. Longitudinal latent class analysis identified a class of mothers (10 %) who evinced a chronic level of Depression between pregnancy and 33 months. For chronic-depressed versus non-depressed mothers, the results indicate that : (1) DIS predicted higher child dysregulation if experienced between pregnancy and age 2 ; (2) contextual risk had a differential effect on child dysregulation if experienced during pregnancy ; and (3) children had higher continuity in dysregulation between age 2 and age 4. Conclusions. Assessing the impact of the timing and duration of Maternal Depression, and different types of co-occurring risk factors, on child well-being is important. Maternal Depression and associated DIS, in comparison to contextual risk, may be more responsive to intervention.
Sarah K. G. Jensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Maternal Depression symptoms unhealthy diet and child emotional behavioural dysregulation
Psychological Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Pinacamacho, Sarah K. G. Jensen, Darya Gaysina, Edward D. BarkerAbstract:Background: Maternal Depression and unhealthy diet are well-known risk factors for adverse child emotional–behavioural outcomes, but their developmental relationships during the prenatal and postnatal periods are largely uncharted. This study sought to examine the inter-relationships between Maternal Depression symptoms and unhealthy diet (assessed during pregnancy and postnatal periods) in relation to child emotional–behavioural dysregulation (assessed at the ages of 2, 4 and 7 years). Method: In a large prospective birth cohort of 7814 mother–child pairs, path analysis was used to examine the independent and inter-related associations of Maternal Depression symptoms and unhealthy diet with child dysregulation. Results: Higher prenatal Maternal Depression symptoms were prospectively associated with higher unhealthy diet, both during pregnancy and the postnatal period, which, in turn, was associated with higher child dysregulation up to the age of 7 years. In addition, during pregnancy, higher Maternal Depression symptoms and unhealthy diet were each independently associated with higher child dysregulation up to the age of 7 years. These results were robust to other prenatal, perinatal and postnatal confounders (such as parity and birth complications, poverty, Maternal education, etc.). Conclusions: Maternal Depression symptoms and unhealthy diet show important developmental associations, but are also independent risk factors for abnormal child development.
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developmental inter relations between early Maternal Depression contextual risks and interpersonal stress and their effect on later child cognitive functioning
Depression and Anxiety, 2014Co-Authors: Sarah K. G. Jensen, Edward D. Barker, Iroise DumontheilAbstract:BACKGROUND: Maternal Depression and contextual risks (e.g. poverty) are known to impact children's cognitive and social functioning. However, few published studies have examined how stress in the social environment (i.e. interpersonal stress) might developmentally inter-relate with Maternal Depression and contextual risks to negatively affect a child in these domains. This was the purpose of the current study. METHOD: Mother-child pairs (n = 6979) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents were the study participants. Mothers reported on Depression, contextual risks, and interpersonal stress between pregnancy and 33 months child age. At age 8, the children underwent cognitive assessments and the mothers reported on the children's social cognitive skills. RESULTS: Maternal Depression, contextual risks, and interpersonal stress showed strong continuity and developmental inter-relatedness. Maternal Depression and contextual risks directly predicted a range of child outcomes, including executive functions and social cognitive skills. Interpersonal stress worked indirectly via Maternal Depression and contextual risks to negatively affect child outcomes. CONCLUSION: Maternal Depression and contextual risks each increased interpersonal stress in the household, which, in turn, contributed to reduced child cognitive and social functioning. Language: en
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prenatal Maternal Depression symptoms and nutrition and child cognitive function
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Edward D. Barker, Natasha Z Kirkham, Sarah K. G. JensenAbstract:Background Little is currently known about how Maternal Depression symptoms and unhealthy nutrition during pregnancy may developmentally interrelate to negatively affect child cognitive function. Aims To test whether prenatal Maternal Depression symptoms predict poor prenatal nutrition, and whether this in turn prospectively associates with reduced postnatal child cognitive function. Method In 6979 mother-offspring pairs participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in the UK, Maternal Depression symptoms were assessed five times between 18 weeks gestation and 33 months old. Maternal reports of the nutritional environment were assessed at 32 weeks gestation and 47 months old, and child cognitive function was assessed at age 8 years. Results During gestation, higher depressive symptoms were related to lower levels of healthy nutrition and higher levels of unhealthy nutrition, each of which in turn was prospectively associated with reduced cognitive function. These results were robust to postnatal Depression symptoms and nutrition, as well as a range of potential prenatal and postnatal confounds (i.e. poverty, teenage mother, low Maternal education, parity, birth complications, substance use, criminal lifestyle, partner cruelty towards mother). Conclusions Prenatal interventions aimed at the well-being of children of parents with Depression should consider targeting the nutritional environment.
Daniel S Shaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transactional effects among Maternal Depression neighborhood deprivation and child conduct problems from early childhood through adolescence a tale of two low income samples
Development and Psychopathology, 2016Co-Authors: Daniel S Shaw, Thomas J Dishion, Stephanie L Sitnick, Julia D Reuben, Melvin N WilsonAbstract:The current study sought to advance our understanding of transactional processes among Maternal Depression, neighborhood deprivation, and child conduct problems (CP) using two samples of low-income families assessed repeatedly from early childhood to early adolescence. After accounting for initial levels of negative parenting, independent and reciprocal effects between Maternal depressive symptoms and child CP were evident across both samples, beginning in early childhood and continuing through middle childhood and adolescence. In addition, neighborhood effects were consistently found in both samples after children reached age 5, with earlier neighborhood effects on child CP and Maternal Depression found in the one exclusively urban sample of families with male children. The results confirm prior research on the independent contribution of Maternal Depression and child CP to the maintenance of both problem behaviors. The findings also have implications for designing preventative and clinical interventions to address child CP for families living in high-risk neighborhoods.
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Maternal Depression in childhood and aggression in young adulthood evidence for mediation by offspring amygdala hippocampal volume ratio
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: Mary Gilliam, Erika E Forbes, Peter J Gianaros, Kirk I Erickson, Lauretta M Brennan, Daniel S ShawAbstract:Background: There is abundant evidence that offspring of depressed mothers are at increased risk for persistent behavior problems related to emotion regulation, but the mechanisms by which offspring incur this risk are not entirely clear. Early adverse caregiving experiences have been associated with structural alterations in the amygdala and hippocampus, which parallel findings of cortical regions altered in adults with behavior problems related to emotion regulation. This study examined whether exposure to Maternal Depression during childhood might predict increased aggression and/or Depression in early adulthood, and whether offspring amygdala:hippocampal volume ratio might mediate this relationship. Methods: Participants were 258 mothers and sons at socioeconomic risk for behavior problems. Sons’ trajectories of exposure to Maternal Depression were generated from eight reports collected prospectively from offspring ages 18 months to 10 years. Offspring brain structure, aggression, and Depression were assessed at age 20 (n = 170). Results: Persistent, moderately high trajectories of Maternal Depression during childhood predicted increased aggression in adult offspring. In contrast, stable and very elevated trajectories of Maternal Depression during childhood predicted Depression in adult offspring. Increased amygdala: hippocampal volume ratios at age 20 were significantly associated with concurrently increased aggression, but not Depression, in adult offspring. Offspring amygdala: hippocampal volume ratio mediated the relationship found between trajectories of moderately elevated Maternal Depression during childhood and aggression in adult offspring. Conclusions: Alterations in the relative size of brain structures implicated in emotion regulation may be one mechanism by which offspring of depressed mothers incur increased risk for the development of aggression. Keywords: Maternal Depression, aggression, brain imaging, longitudinal studies.
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improvements in Maternal Depression as a mediator of intervention effects on early childhood problem behavior
Development and Psychopathology, 2009Co-Authors: Daniel S Shaw, Arin M Connell, Thomas J Dishion, Melvin N Wilson, Frances GardnerAbstract:Maternal Depression has been consistently linked to the development of child problem behavior, particularly in early childhood, but few studies have examined whether reductions in Maternal Depression serve as a mediator in relation to changes associated with a family-based intervention. The current study addressed this issue with a sample of 731 families receiving services from a national food supplement and nutrition program. Families with toddlers between ages 2 and 3 were screened and then randomized to a brief family intervention, the Family Check-Up, which included linked interventions that were tailored and adapted to the families needs. Follow-up intervention services were provided at age 3 and follow-up of child outcomes occurred at ages 3 and 4. Latent growth models revealed intervention effects for early externalizing and internalizing problems from 2 to 4, and reductions in Maternal Depression from ages 2 to 3. In addition, reductions in Maternal Depression mediated improvements in both child externalizing and internalizing problem behavior after accounting for the potential mediating effects of improvements in positive parenting. The results are discussed with respect to targeting Maternal Depression in future intervention studies aimed at improving early child problem behavior.
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parenting self efficacy and problem behavior in children at high risk for early conduct problems the mediating role of Maternal Depression
Infant Behavior & Development, 2008Co-Authors: Chelsea M Weaver, Daniel S Shaw, Thomas J Dishion, Melvin N WilsonAbstract:Parenting self-efficacy (PSE) has been positively linked to children's adjustment and negatively associated with Maternal Depression. However, most PSE research has been cross-sectional, limited to predominantly white, middle-class samples, and has not examined potential mechanisms underlying associations of PSE with children's behavior. The present study investigates: (1) how PSE changes over time, (2) the relationship between age 2 PSE and children's behavior problems 2 years later, and (3) the potential mediating role of Maternal Depression in relation to the association between PSE and child problem behavior. Participants are 652 ethnically and geographically diverse mothers and their children, at high risk for conduct problems. PSE increased between ages 2 and 4 and higher initial levels predicted lower caregiver-reported age 4 conduct problems after controlling for problem behavior at age 2. The relationship between PSE and later conduct problems was mediated, however, by Maternal Depression. These findings suggest Maternal Depression as a potential disruptor of caregiver confidence in early childhood, which has implications for the design and focus of parenting interventions.
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emotional exchange in mother child dyads stability mutual influence and associations with Maternal Depression and child problem behavior
Journal of Family Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Xin Feng, Daniel S Shaw, Emily Moye Skuban, Tonya LaneAbstract:This study examined the stability of the child and Maternal affective expression and Maternal responsiveness and the mutual influence of child and Maternal expression of emotion. The authors tested whether Maternal Depression and child problem behavior were associated with the pattern of emotional exchange within the mother– child dyads. The sample consisted of 69 mother– child dyads (children aged 2–5 years), with 32 of the mothers having childhoodonset Depression. Mothers were mostly stable in their affective expression (positive and negative) and responsiveness, whereas children were only stable in positive expression. Within the dyads, mothers seemed to play a more important role in regulating children’s later emotional expression. Maternal Depression was associated with concurrent Maternal responsiveness and their reduced positive expression over time. Results are discussed in relation to the differential function of parental general positivity and responsiveness and the interpersonal transmission of emotional problems.
Nancy E Reichman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Maternal Depression on family food insecurity
Economics and Human Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Kelly Noonan, Hope Corman, Nancy E ReichmanAbstract:Abstract We use data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Birth Cohort to estimate the effects of Maternal Depression, a condition that is fairly common and can be severe, on food insecurity, a hardship that has increased substantially in the U.S. Using various model specifications, we find convincing evidence that severe Maternal Depression increases the likelihood that young children experience food insecurity by 23–79%, with estimates depending on model specification and measures of Depression and food insecurity. For household food insecurity, the corresponding estimates are 11–69%. We also find that Maternal Depression increases reliance on several types of public programs, suggesting that the programs play a buffering role.
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Maternal Depression as a risk factor for children s inadequate housing conditions
Social Science & Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Hope Corman, Marah A Curtis, Kelly Noonan, Nancy E ReichmanAbstract:Depression among mothers with young children is an important public health issue that not only has implications for their own well-being, but can also potentially affect their children's health and developmental trajectories. This study explored the extent to which Maternal Depression is a risk factor for inadequate housing conditions related to utilities, a noteworthy risk factor for poor child health. Using data on 2965 mothers and children from a national urban cohort of U.S. births in 1998-2000, we estimated multivariate logistic regression models of associations between Maternal Depression during the postpartum year and a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) measure of severely inadequate housing due to heating issues, as well as a broader measure of energy insecurity that encompasses various types of utility problems. We also considered outcomes that incorporated housing instability and food insecurity in conjunction with housing inadequacy. Mothers who experienced Depression had about 60% higher odds of experiencing severely inadequate housing due to heat (OR: 1.57) and 70% higher odds of experiencing energy insecurity (OR: 1.69) compared to mothers who did not experience Depression. Maternal Depression was even more strongly associated with multiple hardships in the forms of housing inadequacy plus housing instability and/or food insecurity than it was with housing inadequacy. This study provides robust evidence that Maternal Depression is a risk factor for inadequate housing and multiple hardships during a critical period of children's development. The findings suggest that policy efforts should not occur in mental health, housing, and food security silos.
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Maternal Depression as a risk factor for family homelessness
American Journal of Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Marah A Curtis, Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan, Nancy E ReichmanAbstract:Objectives. We estimated the effects of Maternal Depression during the postpartum year, which is often an unexpected event, on subsequent homelessness and risk of homelessness in a national sample of urban, mostly low-income mothers.Methods. We used logistic regression models to estimate associations between Maternal Depression during the postpartum year and both homelessness and risk of homelessness 2 to 3 years later, controlling for Maternal and family history of Depression, prenatal housing problems, and other covariates. Risk factors for homelessness included experiencing evictions or frequent moves and moving in with family or friends and not paying rent.Results. We found robust associations between Maternal Depression during the postpartum year and subsequent homelessness and risk of homelessness, even among mothers who had no history of mental illness, whose own mothers did not have a history of depressive symptoms, and who had no previous housing problems.Conclusions. This study provides robust e...
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effects of Maternal Depression on family food insecurity
Research Papers in Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Kelly Noonan, Hope Corman, Nancy E ReichmanAbstract:Theory suggests that adverse life events--such as unemployment or health shocks--can result in food insecurity, which has increased substantially in the U.S. over the past decade alongside the obesity epidemic. We test this proposition by estimating the effects of a specific and salient mental health event--Maternal Depression during the postpartum year--on child and family food insecurity. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study--Birth Cohort, we estimate the effects of Maternal Depression on food insecurity using both single- and two-stage models, and explore potential buffering effects of relevant public assistance programs and supports. We find that moderate to severe Maternal Depression increases the likelihood that children and households experience any food insecurity--by between 50 and 80%, depending on the measure of food insecurity. We also find that Maternal Depression increases the likelihood of reliance on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; Medicaid; and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program, suggesting that these programs play a buffering role.
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effects of Maternal Depression on family food insecurity
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan, Nancy E ReichmanAbstract:Theory suggests that adverse life events--such as unemployment or health shocks--can result in food insecurity, which has increased substantially in the U.S. over the past decade alongside the obesity epidemic. We test this proposition by estimating the effects of a specific and salient mental health event--Maternal Depression during the postpartum year--on child and family food insecurity. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study--Birth Cohort, we estimate the effects of Maternal Depression on food insecurity using both single- and two-stage models, and explore potential buffering effects of relevant public assistance programs and supports. We find that moderate to severe Maternal Depression increases the likelihood that children and households experience any food insecurity--by between 50 and 80%, depending on the measure of food insecurity. We also find that Maternal Depression increases the likelihood of reliance on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; Medicaid; and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program, suggesting that these programs play a buffering role.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Marta B Rondon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Maternal Depression and mental health in early childhood an examination of underlying mechanisms in low income and middle income countries
The Lancet Psychiatry, 2016Co-Authors: Catherine M Herba, Vivette Glover, Paul Ramchandani, Marta B RondonAbstract:Summary Studies examining mechanisms underlying associations between Maternal Depression and adverse child outcomes (including behaviour, socioemotional adjustment, and emotion regulation) indicate that during pregnancy, Maternal Depression could affect child outcomes through altered placental function, epigenetic changes in the child, and stress reactivity. Infection and dietary deficiencies in the mother and the child, together with the child's genetic vulnerability, might also affect outcome. Postnatally, associations between Maternal Depression and child outcome are influenced by altered mother–child interactions, sociodemographic or environmental influences, and social support. Knowledge is scarce on mechanisms in low-income and middle-income countries where Maternal Depression is highly prevalent, and stressful factors that influence the development of perinatal Maternal Depression and adverse child outcome (eg, food insecurity, perinatal infections, crowded or rural living conditions, and interpersonal violence) are both more intense and more common than in high-income countries. We reviewed evidence and use the biopsychosocial model to illustrate risk factors, mediators and moderators underlying associations between Maternal Depression and child outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries.
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epidemiology of Maternal Depression risk factors and child outcomes in low income and middle income countries
The Lancet Psychiatry, 2016Co-Authors: Bizu Gelaye, Marta B Rondon, Ricardo Araya, Michelle A WilliamsAbstract:Maternal Depression, a non-psychotic depressive episode of mild to major severity, is one of the major contributors of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality. Maternal Depression (antepartum or post partum) has been linked to negative health-related behaviours and adverse outcomes, including psychological and developmental disturbances in infants, children, and adolescents. Despite its enormous burden, Maternal Depression in low-income and middle-income countries remains under-recognised and undertreated. In this Series paper, we systematically review studies that focus on the epidemiology of perinatal Depression (ie, during antepartum and post-partum periods) among women residing in low-income and middle-income countries. We also summarise evidence for the association of perinatal Depression with infant and childhood outcomes. This review is intended to summarise findings from the existing literature, identify important knowledge gaps, and set the research agenda for creating new generalisable knowledge pertinent to increasing our understanding of the prevalence, determinants, and infant and childhood health outcomes associated with perinatal Depression. This review is also intended to set the stage for subsequent work aimed at reinforcing and accelerating investments toward providing services to manage Maternal Depression in low-income and middle-income countries.