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H. Volden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Maturity Stage, temperature and photoperiod on growth and nutritive value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.)
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Hege Nordheim-viken, H. Volden, Marit JørgensenAbstract:Abstract The aim of this experiment was to investigate effects of temperature and photoperiod on growth characteristics, chemical composition and indigestible fibre (IaNDF) in timothy harvested at three defined Maturity Stages. Two cultivars of timothy, Engmo (69 o N) and Grindstad (59 o N) were grown in a controlled environment using a phytotron, and were exposed to two different temperature regimes (21/15°C and 15/9°C, 12h/12h) and photoperiods (18 and 24h). Plants were harvested at beginning of heading (BH), full heading (FH) and anthesis (AN). Leaves and stems were separated prior to chemical analyses and ruminal in situ incubation for 288h was used to determine indigestible aNDF (IaNDF) content. Plants grown at low temperature used almost twice the number of days to reach AN, compared to the highest temperature regime. This explained the lower leaf:stem ratio (LSR), higher aNDF content and lower crude protein (CP) content in low temperature plants. The effect of temperature was often dependent on Maturity Stage. However, the content of IaNDF and lignin(sa) was only affected by Maturity Stage at harvest. The content of IaNDF and lignin increased by 70% and 35% respectively from BH to AN. The lack of response in IaNDF and lignin(sa) content and dry matter digestibility to temperature was probably caused by a combination of direct and indirect temperature effects. Photoperiod affected growth characteristics, but had minor effects on chemical composition and IaNDF. Due to the lower LSR, Engmo had higher IaNDF and lignin(sa) content than Grindstad. This study showed a high positive correlation (0.93) between IaNDF and lignin(sa). Interactions between temperature and Maturity Stage affect the growth and nutritive characteristics of timothy. However, only Maturity Stage affected IaNDF and lignin(sa) content.
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effect of Maturity Stage nitrogen fertilization and seasonal variation on ruminal degradation characteristics of neutral detergent fibre in timothy phleum pratense l
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Hege Nordheimviken, H. VoldenAbstract:Abstract The effect of Maturity Stage, seasonal variation and N fertilization on ruminal in situ neutral detergent fibre (aNDF) degradation characteristics was investigated. Total indigestible aNDF (IaNDF), potential degradable aNDF (PaNDF) and fractional degradation rate (kdPaNDF) of aNDF in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) c.v. Grindstad grown at Vollebekk, As (59°N), and c.v. Engmo grown at Holt, Tromso (69°N) were evaluated. Grass materials were obtained from the same experimental plots for 3 (Vollebekk) or 2 (Holt) years. Two levels of N fertilizer were used. The low level, at first and second cut, was 80 + 50 kg N/ha at Vollebekk, and 70 + 40 kg/ha at Holt. High levels were twice the amount of fertilizer at low levels Maturity Stage was expressed as days from heading during at spring growth. To measure aNDF degradation characteristics, feed samples were incubated in rumen for 0–144 h. The 144 h incubation was used as a measurement of IaNDF. A positive curvilinear relationship was observed between aNDF content and Maturity Stage. The IaNDF content (g/kg aNDF, g/kg DM) increased (P 0.05) aNDF degradation characteristics. At Vollebekk the accumulated temperatures, measured in degree-days from the start of growth until heading, were 496, 486 and 504 degree-days (°Cd) over the 3 years. Despite similar Maturity Stage and °Cd, the IaNDF content differed (P Multiple regressions were performed to predict kdPaNDF from content of aNDF, CP and PaNDF, and equation based on the total dataset explained 0.66 of the variation in the dataset. Splitting the dataset with regard to location and spring growth/summer growth, R2 ranged from 0.53 to 0.90. It is concluded that the ruminal aNDF degradation characteristics are affected by Maturity Stage, and interactions with climatic factors such as temperature and water availability probably interact with Maturity Stage. Precautions should be made when prediction feed degradation characteristics from multiple regression analyses.
Marit Jørgensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Maturity Stage, temperature and photoperiod on growth and nutritive value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.)
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Hege Nordheim-viken, H. Volden, Marit JørgensenAbstract:Abstract The aim of this experiment was to investigate effects of temperature and photoperiod on growth characteristics, chemical composition and indigestible fibre (IaNDF) in timothy harvested at three defined Maturity Stages. Two cultivars of timothy, Engmo (69 o N) and Grindstad (59 o N) were grown in a controlled environment using a phytotron, and were exposed to two different temperature regimes (21/15°C and 15/9°C, 12h/12h) and photoperiods (18 and 24h). Plants were harvested at beginning of heading (BH), full heading (FH) and anthesis (AN). Leaves and stems were separated prior to chemical analyses and ruminal in situ incubation for 288h was used to determine indigestible aNDF (IaNDF) content. Plants grown at low temperature used almost twice the number of days to reach AN, compared to the highest temperature regime. This explained the lower leaf:stem ratio (LSR), higher aNDF content and lower crude protein (CP) content in low temperature plants. The effect of temperature was often dependent on Maturity Stage. However, the content of IaNDF and lignin(sa) was only affected by Maturity Stage at harvest. The content of IaNDF and lignin increased by 70% and 35% respectively from BH to AN. The lack of response in IaNDF and lignin(sa) content and dry matter digestibility to temperature was probably caused by a combination of direct and indirect temperature effects. Photoperiod affected growth characteristics, but had minor effects on chemical composition and IaNDF. Due to the lower LSR, Engmo had higher IaNDF and lignin(sa) content than Grindstad. This study showed a high positive correlation (0.93) between IaNDF and lignin(sa). Interactions between temperature and Maturity Stage affect the growth and nutritive characteristics of timothy. However, only Maturity Stage affected IaNDF and lignin(sa) content.
K. Woldetsadik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effect of cultivar, Maturity Stage and storage environment on quality of tomatoes
Journal of Food Engineering, 2008Co-Authors: H. Getinet, T. Seyoum, K. WoldetsadikAbstract:Abstract Storability of two tomato varieties harvested at different Maturity Stages was studied under ambient and in a multi-layer pads evaporative cooler in semi-arid eastern part of Ethiopia. The treatments consisted a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial combination of variety, Maturity Stage and storage environment. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The average differences in relative humidity and dry bulb temperature between ambient and inside the cooler were 54.8% and 15.1 °C, respectively. The evaporative cooler reduced dry bulb temperature by 5 °C and raised the relative humidity by 18% compared to single pad evaporative cooler. Furthermore, the temperature and relative humidity in the cooler were maintained relatively constant compared to the ambient conditions. The cooling efficiency of the multi-layer pad evaporative cooler also varied from 68.3% to 84.0%. Thus, the shelf life of tomatoes kept in the unit was substantially increased. Roma VF tomato harvested at mature green Stage maintained better chemical quality and marketability during storage. Under arid and semi-arid conditions, where postharvest loss under ambient conditions is high, the multi-layer evaporative cooler could improve shelf life of tomatoes and other fruits and vegetables by reducing temperature and increasing relative humidity.
T. S. Workneh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of storage environment, Maturity Stage and pre-storage disinfection treatments on tomato fruit quality during winter in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: G. N. Tolesa, T. S. WorknehAbstract:The aim of this study was to explore influence of evaporative cooling (EC), pre-storage disinfection treatments and Maturity Stage at harvest on postharvest quality of tomato fruit. The tomato samples ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Nemonetta) were harvested, stored for 28 days and data were collected every seven days. The pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), firmness, colour, weight loss (PWL) and marketability percentage were analysed. The temperature difference between ambient storage and EC at the fan varied between 4 and 7 °C, the relative humidity (RH) varied between 31 and 86%, while at different locations inside the EC it varied between 2–3 °C and 5–8%, respectively. Maturity had significant influence on the overall quality of tomatoes. The pH value of green, pink and red tomato was 4.86 and 5.03. The TTA content, the TSS content significantly affected over the 14 days of storage. TSS:TA was found to be in the range of 7.8–33.9. The EC storage shows a higher firmness and hue angle, when compared to the ambient conditions stored tomatoes. Compared to ambient storage, EC storage reduced the PWL by 7–10% over 30 days, while ambient storage took 15 days. EC storage and pre-storage treatments improved the shelf-life and marketability of tomatoes. However, variation in temperature and RH inside EC could affect the storability of the produce.
Osman M. Elamin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of cultivar, Maturity Stage and Ethrel treatment on ripening and fruit quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Gezira Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014Co-Authors: Mohamed E. Elkashif, Mashair S. H. Saeed, Osman M. ElaminAbstract:This study was conducted with the objective of determining the effects of Maturity Stage at harvest and Ethrel treatment on ripening and fruit quality of selected tomato cultivars. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of biochemistry at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan, during the seasons 2009/10 and 2010/11. Cultivars used were Vt 925, Castle Rock and Peto 86. Maturity Stages were mature green and breaker. Ethrel treatments were 0 ml/L and 2 ml/L. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Results showed that the cultivar Vt 925 had the largest fruits and the highest ascorbic acid and TSS contents as compared to the other two cultivars in both seasons. Results also showed that advancement of Maturity Stage significantly decreased fruit green life in both seasons, however, total soluble solids were slightly increased with an increase in tomato fruit Maturity Stage. Titratable acidity decreased slightly with the advancement of Maturity Stage. Fruit Maturity Stage had no significant effects on ascorbic acid content in both seasons. Ethrel treatment significantly increased uniformity of ripening and ascorbic acid content, but decreased fruit green life in both seasons, however, it had no significant effects on TSS and acidity. It is recommended to grow the cultivar Vt 925, harvest fruits at the mature green Stage and treat them with Ethrel at destination markets in order to achieve uniformity of ripening, to extend their shelf life and end up with high fruit quality.