The Experts below are selected from a list of 469071 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Panagiotis Giannopoulos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gillette Heated Razor Shaving Analysis
internal, 2019Co-Authors: Panagiotis GiannopoulosAbstract:element: 30oC Gillette heated shaver needs up to 30s after activation to reach maximum temperature Inhomogeneous heating of the element area is observed … without any shaving preparation dry skin.JPG Average dry skin temperature: 35.8oC The maximum temperature increase of the dry skin after strokes
Yang Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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small scale experimental and theoretical analysis on Maximum Temperature beneath ceiling in tunnel fire with vertical shafts
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Yan Fu Wang, Xiao Fei Sun, Tao Qin, Shuai Liu, Yang LiuAbstract:Abstract By replacing jet fans with vertical shafts to facilitate ventilations, the installation and operating costs of a tunnel reduced drastically. However, compared to jet fans in tunnel ventilation which have been systematically studied, the ventilation efficiency of vertical shafts is much more complicated to be analyzed and theoretically proved as it is affected not only by the quantity of shafts, but also by the arrangements and the dimension of them. In order to provide theoretical support, small-scale experiments and theoretical analysis are carried out in this paper to predict the Maximum Temperature beneath ceiling when there is a fire in tunnel with vertical shafts. Firstly, a theoretical prediction model is deduced to calculate them under different shaft geometry and arrangements. Secondly, the calculation results of the proposed model are compared with experimental data. The comparisons show that the proposed theoretical model can be used to predict the Maximum smoke Temperature beneath ceiling.
Yan Fu Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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small scale experimental and theoretical analysis on Maximum Temperature beneath ceiling in tunnel fire with vertical shafts
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Yan Fu Wang, Xiao Fei Sun, Tao Qin, Shuai Liu, Yang LiuAbstract:Abstract By replacing jet fans with vertical shafts to facilitate ventilations, the installation and operating costs of a tunnel reduced drastically. However, compared to jet fans in tunnel ventilation which have been systematically studied, the ventilation efficiency of vertical shafts is much more complicated to be analyzed and theoretically proved as it is affected not only by the quantity of shafts, but also by the arrangements and the dimension of them. In order to provide theoretical support, small-scale experiments and theoretical analysis are carried out in this paper to predict the Maximum Temperature beneath ceiling when there is a fire in tunnel with vertical shafts. Firstly, a theoretical prediction model is deduced to calculate them under different shaft geometry and arrangements. Secondly, the calculation results of the proposed model are compared with experimental data. The comparisons show that the proposed theoretical model can be used to predict the Maximum smoke Temperature beneath ceiling.
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Maximum Temperature of smoke beneath ceiling in tunnel fire with vertical shafts
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Yan Fu Wang, Pei Na Yan, Biao Zhang, Jun Cheng Jiang, Li ZhangAbstract:Abstract To assess the impact of heat smoke in tunnel with vertical shafts, the Maximum Temperature of smoke beneath ceiling is researched theoretically and experimentally in this paper. A theoretical prediction model for Maximum Temperature of smoke beneath ceiling is built using dimensional analysis. A numerical model is built and calibrated with the full-scale experiment data. The calibrated numerical model is used to simulate the Maximum Temperature of smoke under different conditions with different shaft geometry. At last, the proposed theoretical model was formulated and compared with Kurioka model, experimental data and simulation data. The results show that the proposed theoretical model can give a better prediction for the tendency. It can be used to predict the Maximum Temperature of smoke beneath ceiling of tunnel with vertical shafts by taking the shaft geometry and arrangements effect into account.
T. Shiozawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Correlation between Maximum Temperature increase and peak SAR with different average schemes and masses
IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2006Co-Authors: Akimasa Hirata, M. Fujimoto, Takayuki Asano, Jianqing Wang, Osamu Fujiwara, T. ShiozawaAbstract:This paper investigates the correlation between Maximum Temperature increases and peak spatial-average specific absorption rates (SARs), calculated by different average schemes and masses. For evaluating the effect of mass on the correlation properly, a three-dimensional Green's function is presented. From our computational investigation, no best average mass for peak spatial-average SAR exist from the aspect of the correlation with Maximum Temperature increase. This is attributed to the frequency dependent penetration depth of EM waves. Maximum Temperature increase in the head including the pinna is reasonably correlated with peak spatial-average SARs for most average schemes and masses considered in this paper. Maximum Temperature increase in the head only (excluding the pinna) is reasonably correlated with peak 10-g SARs for the average schemes considered in this paper. The rationale for this result is explained using the Green's function. The point to be stressed here is that the slope correlating them is largely dependent on the average scheme and mass. Additionally, good agreement is observed in the slopes obtained by using two head models, which have been developed at Osaka University and Nagoya Institute of Technology. However, weak correlation is observed for the brain, which is caused by the difference of the positions where peak SAR and Maximum Temperature increase appear. The 95th percentile values of the slope correlating Maximum Temperature increases in the head or brain and peak spatial-average SAR are quantified for different average schemes and masses
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correlation of Maximum Temperature increase and peak sar in the human head due to handset antennas
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2003Co-Authors: Akimasa Hirata, T. ShiozawaAbstract:This paper attempts to correlate the Maximum Temperature increase in the head and brain with the peak specific absorption rate (SAR) value due to handset antennas. The rationale for this study is that physiological effects and damage to humans through electromagnetic-wave exposure are induced by Temperature increases, while the safety standards are regulated in terms of the local peak SAR. For investigating these correlations thoroughly, the total of 660 situations is considered. The numerical results are analyzed on the basis of statistics. We find that the Maximum Temperature increases in the head and brain can be estimated in terms of peak SARs averaged over 1 and 10 g of tissue in these regions. These correlations are less affected by the positions, polarizations, and frequencies of a dipole antenna. Also, they are reasonably valid for different antennas and head models. Further, we discuss possible Maximum Temperature increases in the head and brain for the SAR values prescribed in the safety standards. They are found to be 0.31/spl deg/C and 0.13/spl deg/C for the Federal Communications Commission Standard (1.6 W/kg for 1 g of tissue), while 0.60/spl deg/C and 0.25/spl deg/C for the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Standard (2.0 W/kg for 10 g of tissue).
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Comparison of Maximum Temperature increase in the infant and adult head models due to dipole antenna
Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & IC's, 1Co-Authors: M. Fujimoto, Jianqing Wang, Osamu Fujiwara, A. Hirata, T. ShiozawaAbstract:We investigated the correlation between the peak SAR and the Maximum Temperature increase in the models of infants and adults for exposure to a dipole antenna. Numerical results show that the Maximum Temperature increases in the head and brain were reasonably proportional to the peak SAR in the corresponding regions. No clear difference in the correlation between the peak SAR and the Maximum Temperature increase was observed for infant and adult models. Additionally, the effect of the material constants on the correlation was at most 10%.
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Maximum Temperature increases in the head and brain for SAR averaging schemes prescribed in safety guidelines
2005 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility 2005. EMC 2005., 1Co-Authors: Akimasa Hirata, M. Fujimoto, Jianqing Wang, Osamu Fujiwara, T. ShiozawaAbstract:This paper presents Maximum Temperature increase in the head and brain with peak SAR calculated by different averaging schemes. For our computational investigations, it is found that Maximum Temperature increases in the head are well correlated with peak spatial-average SARs. However, the slope correlating them is largely dependent on the averaging scheme. Additionally, no clear difference is observed in the slope obtained using two head models. Possible Maximum Temperature increase in the brain for the SAR values is also quantified.
Jinhua Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A numerical study on upstream Maximum Temperature in inclined urban road tunnel fires
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015Co-Authors: Huaxian Wan, Jianyun Han, Jinhua SunAbstract:Abstract Numerical simulations were carried out to study the smoke behaviors induced by fires in inclined tunnels with different slopes and the upstream Maximum Temperatures along the tunnel centerline were specifically focused. The simulation results show that the longitudinal centerline peak Temperature occurs at the downstream region of fire source rather than right above the fire source. Two typical behaviors were found during the quasi-steady state: the upstream smoke layer interface is almost parallel to horizontal level while the downstream smoke layer interface is parallel to the inclined tunnel ceiling. The upstream Maximum Temperature under the ceiling remain approximately constant near the fire sources and then drop progressively with increasing distance to fire source due to the existence of vortexes, which is fairly different from the downstream Maximum Temperature distribution. Hence, an empirical correlation is developed by taking into account the tunnel slope, heat release rate and the upstream Maximum Temperature and using dimensional analysis. The correlation indicates that the dimensionless upstream Maximum Temperature decreases as the distance from fire source increases and it is proportional to 0.56 power of the dimensionless heat release rate and its relationship with tunnel slope is nonlinear and non-monotonous.
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Maximum Temperature to withstand water film for tempered glass exposed to fire
Construction and Building Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Guangzheng Shao, Qingsong Wang, Han Zhao, Yu Wang, Haodong Chen, Jinhua SunAbstract:Abstract Improper activation of the sprinkler or the cold water sprayed from the fire-fighting lance may accelerate the crack even fallout of the heated glass when encounter a fire. The objective of this work is to investigate the Maximum Temperature to withstand water film for tempered glass exposed to fire, and to find a way to keep the glass integration when the Temperature exceeds the Maximum endurance. Twenty-six tests were conducted in this study. The water film was not opened throughout in the control group. In other tests, the water film was opened when the Maximum glass Temperature reached different values. The only difference is the water film sprayed on the exposed glass surface in protection-cooling-type water film tests, but formed 20 mm apart from the hot surface in fire-separating-water-film tests. The results illustrate that the critical Temperature, or a Temperature scope, for 6 mm tempered glass to withstand water film is a value or range of value approaching 250 °C. It is also found that crazing of tempered glass generally occurs in the rapid cooling process, rather than the rapid heating process. The thermal shock caused by the sudden cooling can account for this phenomenon. The fire-separating-type water film was proved to be effective to protect glazing when its Temperature outnumbered the critical value.
