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V. Ter Meulen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measles Virus and Crohn's disease: view of a medical virologist.
Gut, 1998Co-Authors: V. Ter MeulenAbstract:Some recent reports have claimed that persistent Measles Virus infection is involved in the aetiology or pathogenesis, or both, of Crohn’s disease. Using a variety of techniques, such as direct electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation, these authors report that Measles Virus particles, protein or RNA were detected in tissues from patients with Crohn’s disease.1-5 These observations led to the hypothesis that exposure to Measles Virus early in life, either during pregnancy, or as a consequence of postnatal infection by wild type Measles Virus or Measles vaccination, predisposes to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).6 7 These claims prompted publication of several critical commentaries and responses and led to a case control study which did not support an association between Measles Virus vaccination and IBD.8-19 The comments focused on the possible short-comings of the methods used by the researchers as well as the choice of control cohorts with respect to their exposure to the infectious agent and their incidence of IBD. Thus, for example, in many Virus–host systems, it has been shown that diagnosis based on morphology can be misleading as viral structures may resemble normal cellular elements. …
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Reversal of the Measles Virus-mediated increase of phosphorylating activity in persistently infected mouse neuroblastoma cells by anti-Measles Virus antibodies
Journal of General Virology, 1994Co-Authors: Yael Segev, Bracha Rager-zisman, Noah Isakov, Sibylle Schneider-schaulies, V. Ter Meulen, Stephen A. Udem, Shraga Segal, Marina WolfsonAbstract:To investigate the effect of persistent Measles Virus infection on signal transduction in cells of neuronal origin, the mouse neuroblastoma cell line NS20Y/MS, which is persistently infected with Measles Virus, was used. The results demonstrate an approximate 50% increase in total phosphorylation and a similar increase in protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Western blot analysis with anti-total PKC or anti-PKC-α antibodies revealed a significant increase in the level of an 80K immunoreactive PKC in NS20Y/MS cells. Following incubation of NS20Y/MS cells with polyclonal anti-Measles Virus antibodies, which down-regulate the level of Measles Virus proteins, total and PKC-mediated phosphorylation returned to the basal level of uninfected cells. This effect was reversible and removal of the antibodies resulted in restoration of the high level of total and PKC-mediated phosphorylation. The release of infectious Measles Virus was strongly inhibited by incubation of NS20Y/MS cells with the PKC inhibitor, 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulphonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7). These results demonstrate that Measles Virus induces elevation in cellular phosphorylation which is essential for Measles Virus production.
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Antigenic determinants of Measles Virus hemagglutinin associated with neurovirulence.
Journal of virology, 1994Co-Authors: Uwe G. Liebert, V. Ter Meulen, S G Flanagan, S Löffler, K. Baczko, Bertus K. RimaAbstract:Abstract The biological activity of monoclonal antibodies specific for the hemagglutinin protein of Measles Virus strain CAM recognizing six epitope groups according to their binding properties to Measles Virus strain CAM/R401 was investigated in vivo in our rat model of Measles encephalitis. When injected intraperitoneally into Measles Virus-infected suckling rats, some monoclonal antibodies modified the disease process and prevented the necrotizing encephalopathy seen in untreated animals. The analysis of Measles Virus brain isolates revealed emergence of variants that resisted neutralization with the passively transferred selecting monoclonal antibody but not with other monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibody escape mutants were also isolated in vitro, and their neurovirulence varied in the animal model. Sequence data from the hemagglutinin gene of Measles Virus localize a major antigenic surface determinant of the hemagglutinin protein between amino acid residues 368 and 396, which may be functionally important for neurovirulence. The data indicate that the interaction of antibodies with the Measles Virus H protein plays an important role in the selection of neurovirulent variants. These variants have biological properties different from those of the parent CAM Virus.
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Measles Virus nucleocapsid protein protects rats from encephalitis.
Journal of virology, 1991Co-Authors: B. Bankamp, V. Ter Meulen, Ute Brinckmann, A Reich, Stefan Niewiesk, Uwe G. LiebertAbstract:Lewis rats immunized with recombinant vaccinia Virus expressing the nucleocapsid (N) protein of Measles Virus were protected from encephalitis when subsequently challenged by intracerebral infection with neurotropic Measles Virus. Immunized rats revealed polyvalent antibodies to the N protein of Measles Virus in the absence of any neutralizing antibodies as well as an N protein-specific proliferative lymphocyte response. Depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes did not abrogate the protective potential of the N protein-specific cell-mediated immune response in rats, while protection could be adoptively transferred with N protein-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. These results indicate that a CD4+ cell-mediated immune response specific for the N protein of Measles Virus is sufficient to control Measles Virus infections of the central nervous system.
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Identification of several different lineages of Measles Virus
Journal of General Virology, 1991Co-Authors: Matthew J. Taylor, V. Ter Meulen, T. F. Wild, K. Baczko, E. Godfrey, Bertus K. RimaAbstract:The sequences of a region of the nucleocapsid protein gene, between nucleotides 1231 and 1686, encoding the C-terminal 151 amino acid residues of the nucleocapsid protein have been determined for 16 strains of Measles Virus. Analysis of this region showed that it is highly divergent (up to 7.2% divergence in the nucleotide sequence and 10.6% divergence in the amino acid sequence between most distant strains) and that several lineages of Measles Virus can be found to co-circulate at a given time. Some of the lineages show geographical restriction. The results for Measles Virus are similar to those reported for other human paramyxoViruses such as mumps Virus, parainfluenza type 3 Virus and the avian Newcastle disease Virus.
Uwe G. Liebert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antigenic determinants of Measles Virus hemagglutinin associated with neurovirulence.
Journal of virology, 1994Co-Authors: Uwe G. Liebert, V. Ter Meulen, S G Flanagan, S Löffler, K. Baczko, Bertus K. RimaAbstract:Abstract The biological activity of monoclonal antibodies specific for the hemagglutinin protein of Measles Virus strain CAM recognizing six epitope groups according to their binding properties to Measles Virus strain CAM/R401 was investigated in vivo in our rat model of Measles encephalitis. When injected intraperitoneally into Measles Virus-infected suckling rats, some monoclonal antibodies modified the disease process and prevented the necrotizing encephalopathy seen in untreated animals. The analysis of Measles Virus brain isolates revealed emergence of variants that resisted neutralization with the passively transferred selecting monoclonal antibody but not with other monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibody escape mutants were also isolated in vitro, and their neurovirulence varied in the animal model. Sequence data from the hemagglutinin gene of Measles Virus localize a major antigenic surface determinant of the hemagglutinin protein between amino acid residues 368 and 396, which may be functionally important for neurovirulence. The data indicate that the interaction of antibodies with the Measles Virus H protein plays an important role in the selection of neurovirulent variants. These variants have biological properties different from those of the parent CAM Virus.
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Measles Virus nucleocapsid protein protects rats from encephalitis.
Journal of virology, 1991Co-Authors: B. Bankamp, V. Ter Meulen, Ute Brinckmann, A Reich, Stefan Niewiesk, Uwe G. LiebertAbstract:Lewis rats immunized with recombinant vaccinia Virus expressing the nucleocapsid (N) protein of Measles Virus were protected from encephalitis when subsequently challenged by intracerebral infection with neurotropic Measles Virus. Immunized rats revealed polyvalent antibodies to the N protein of Measles Virus in the absence of any neutralizing antibodies as well as an N protein-specific proliferative lymphocyte response. Depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes did not abrogate the protective potential of the N protein-specific cell-mediated immune response in rats, while protection could be adoptively transferred with N protein-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. These results indicate that a CD4+ cell-mediated immune response specific for the N protein of Measles Virus is sufficient to control Measles Virus infections of the central nervous system.
Yusuke Yanagi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Measles Virus hemagglutinin downregulates the cellular receptor SLAM (CD150).
Archives of Virology, 2002Co-Authors: Kotaro Tanaka, Hiroko Minagawa, M.-f. Xie, Yusuke YanagiAbstract:Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM), a cellular receptor for Measles Virus, was downregulated from the surface of cells infected with either the Edmonston or wild-type KA strain of Measles Virus. Transfection of the expression plasmid encoding the Edmonston or KA hemagglutinin, but not the fusion protein, induced downregulation of SLAM in not only cells expressing the envelope protein on the surface, but those not expressing it. After cocultivation with cells expressing the hemagglutinin, SLAM-expressing cells also exhibited downregulation of SLAM. Thus, the Measles Virus hemagglutinin can induce downregulation of SLAM in cells either expressing or coming in contact with it.
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The cellular receptor for Measles Virus--elusive no more.
Reviews in medical virology, 2001Co-Authors: Yusuke YanagiAbstract:The identity of the Measles Virus receptor has been controversial. Several years ago CD46 was identified as a cellular receptor for the Edmonston strain of Measles Virus, but most clinical isolates of Measles Virus, which are most efficiently isolated in the marmoset B cell line B95a, cannot grow in many CD46+ cell lines. Although some researchers attributed it to post-entry block in viral replication, others believed that there is a receptor other than CD46 for wild-type Measles Viruses. A new study showed that human signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM; also known as CDw150) is a cellular receptor for Measles Virus, including the Edmonston strain. SLAM is expressed on lymphocytes and dendritic cells, and plays an important role in lymphocyte activation. The identification of SLAM as a Measles Virus receptor nicely explains the pathogenesis of Measles Virus infection. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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slam cdw150 is a cellular receptor for Measles Virus
Nature, 2000Co-Authors: Hironobu Tatsuo, Kotaro Tanaka, Nobuyuki Ono, Yusuke YanagiAbstract:Measles Virus continues to be a major killer of children, claiming roughly one million lives a year1. Measles Virus infection causes profound immunosuppression, which makes Measles patients susceptible to secondary infections accounting for high morbidity and mortality2. The Edmonston strain of Measles Virus, and vaccine strains derived from it, use as a cellular receptor human CD46 (refs 3, 4), which is expressed on all nucleated cells; however, most clinical isolates of Measles Virus cannot use CD46 as a receptor5. Here we show that human SLAM (signalling lymphocyte-activation molecule; also known as CDw150), a recently discovered membrane glycoprotein expressed on some T and B cells6, is a cellular receptor for Measles Virus, including the Edmonston strain. Transfection with a human SLAM complementary DNA enables non-susceptible cell lines to bind Measles Virus, support Measles Virus replication and develop cytopathic effects. The distribution of SLAM on various cell lines is consistent with their susceptibility to clinical isolates of Measles Virus. The identification of SLAM as a receptor for Measles Virus opens the way to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of Measles Virus infection, especially the immunosuppression induced by Measles Virus.
Bertus K. Rima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antigenic determinants of Measles Virus hemagglutinin associated with neurovirulence.
Journal of virology, 1994Co-Authors: Uwe G. Liebert, V. Ter Meulen, S G Flanagan, S Löffler, K. Baczko, Bertus K. RimaAbstract:Abstract The biological activity of monoclonal antibodies specific for the hemagglutinin protein of Measles Virus strain CAM recognizing six epitope groups according to their binding properties to Measles Virus strain CAM/R401 was investigated in vivo in our rat model of Measles encephalitis. When injected intraperitoneally into Measles Virus-infected suckling rats, some monoclonal antibodies modified the disease process and prevented the necrotizing encephalopathy seen in untreated animals. The analysis of Measles Virus brain isolates revealed emergence of variants that resisted neutralization with the passively transferred selecting monoclonal antibody but not with other monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibody escape mutants were also isolated in vitro, and their neurovirulence varied in the animal model. Sequence data from the hemagglutinin gene of Measles Virus localize a major antigenic surface determinant of the hemagglutinin protein between amino acid residues 368 and 396, which may be functionally important for neurovirulence. The data indicate that the interaction of antibodies with the Measles Virus H protein plays an important role in the selection of neurovirulent variants. These variants have biological properties different from those of the parent CAM Virus.
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Identification of several different lineages of Measles Virus
Journal of General Virology, 1991Co-Authors: Matthew J. Taylor, V. Ter Meulen, T. F. Wild, K. Baczko, E. Godfrey, Bertus K. RimaAbstract:The sequences of a region of the nucleocapsid protein gene, between nucleotides 1231 and 1686, encoding the C-terminal 151 amino acid residues of the nucleocapsid protein have been determined for 16 strains of Measles Virus. Analysis of this region showed that it is highly divergent (up to 7.2% divergence in the nucleotide sequence and 10.6% divergence in the amino acid sequence between most distant strains) and that several lineages of Measles Virus can be found to co-circulate at a given time. Some of the lineages show geographical restriction. The results for Measles Virus are similar to those reported for other human paramyxoViruses such as mumps Virus, parainfluenza type 3 Virus and the avian Newcastle disease Virus.
Sibylle Schneider-schaulies - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measles Virus replication in neural cells
Trends in microbiology, 1995Co-Authors: Ian C. D. Johnston, L M Dunster, Jürgen Schneider-schaulies, Sibylle Schneider-schauliesAbstract:Measles Virus gene expression is attenuated in neural cells by mechanisms that affect both viral transcription and translation. Host enzymes that hypermutate viral genes, and those induced by cytokines, may act cooperatively to slow viral replication and to favor persistent Measles Virus infections in the human central nervous system.
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Reversal of the Measles Virus-mediated increase of phosphorylating activity in persistently infected mouse neuroblastoma cells by anti-Measles Virus antibodies
Journal of General Virology, 1994Co-Authors: Yael Segev, Bracha Rager-zisman, Noah Isakov, Sibylle Schneider-schaulies, V. Ter Meulen, Stephen A. Udem, Shraga Segal, Marina WolfsonAbstract:To investigate the effect of persistent Measles Virus infection on signal transduction in cells of neuronal origin, the mouse neuroblastoma cell line NS20Y/MS, which is persistently infected with Measles Virus, was used. The results demonstrate an approximate 50% increase in total phosphorylation and a similar increase in protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Western blot analysis with anti-total PKC or anti-PKC-α antibodies revealed a significant increase in the level of an 80K immunoreactive PKC in NS20Y/MS cells. Following incubation of NS20Y/MS cells with polyclonal anti-Measles Virus antibodies, which down-regulate the level of Measles Virus proteins, total and PKC-mediated phosphorylation returned to the basal level of uninfected cells. This effect was reversible and removal of the antibodies resulted in restoration of the high level of total and PKC-mediated phosphorylation. The release of infectious Measles Virus was strongly inhibited by incubation of NS20Y/MS cells with the PKC inhibitor, 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulphonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7). These results demonstrate that Measles Virus induces elevation in cellular phosphorylation which is essential for Measles Virus production.
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The role of host factors in Measles Virus persistence
Seminars in Virology, 1994Co-Authors: Sibylle Schneider-schaulies, L M Dunster, Jürgen Schneider-schaulies, J J Schnorr, Volker Ter MeulenAbstract:Abstract As critical steps in the life cycle of Measles Virus (MV), the efficiency of uptake into and replication in susceptible host cells are governed by cellular determinants. Measles Virus infections of cells of the human CNS are characterized by particular constraints imposed on viral transcription and translation attenuating viral gene functions and thus contributing to the pathogenesis of MV persistence in these cells.