The Experts below are selected from a list of 88302 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
B F Wall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CT — an increasingly important slice of the Medical Exposure of patients
The British journal of radiology, 1993Co-Authors: P C Shrimpton, B F WallAbstract:It is now 21 years since the revolutionary imaging technique of computed tomography (CT) was introduced into clinical practice. In coming of age, CT has found increasing use in the diagnosis and assessment of cancer and other pathological conditions and has undoubtedly led to significant advances in patient care. As a measure of this success, perhaps, CT now represents a major source of Exposure from diagnostic X-rays for the UK population. This importance was firmly established by a national survey relating to the 200 scanners in clinical use in 1989 (Shrimpton, 1992). Information on CT practice was provided by questionnaires completed by over 80% of National Health Service scanners (Shrimpton et al, 1991).
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Standards of radiation protection in mammographic screening
The British Journal of Radiology, 1992Co-Authors: P C Shrimpton, B F WallAbstract:We wish to clarify some of the radiological protection issues raised by Moores and Henshaw (1992) in connection with the UK breast cancer screening programme using X-ray mammography. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has defined the category of “Medical Exposure” as principally the Exposure of persons as part of their diagnosis or treatment with such Exposure usually intended to provide a direct benefit to the exposed individual (ICRP, 1991). If the practice is justified and the protection optimized, the dose to the patient will be as low as is compatible with the Medical purpose. ICRP suggests that the application of limits might be to the patient's detriment and therefore does not recommend dose limits for Medical Exposures.
Chuan-jong Tung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Population dose from Medical diagnostic Exposure in Taiwan
Radiation protection dosimetry, 2011Co-Authors: Chuan-jong Tung, Chung-shi Yang, Chi-ju Yeh, Tou-rong ChenAbstract:Medical Exposure showed a continuous increasing trend. This trend was due to the growth of diagnostic procedures such as computed tomography (CT) and interventional fluoroscopy (IVF). In the present work, results of a recent study on Medical Exposure in Taiwan are reported. This study analysed data from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Surveyed data on the dose indices, including the entrance surface dose in radiography, dose area product in fluoroscopy, CT dose index in CT and mean glandular dose in mammography, were applied. Using programmes and databases, dose indices were converted to the effective dose. For the year 2008, individual effective doses in Taiwan were estimated as 0.16, 0.37, 0.12 and 0.12 mSv for conventional radiography and fluoroscopy, CT, IVF and nuclear medicine, respectively. The total collective effective dose and the effective dose per individual for Medical Exposure were 17 788 person-Sv and 0.77 mSv, respectively.
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Population dose from Medical Exposure in Taiwan for 2008.
Medical physics, 2011Co-Authors: Tou-rong Chen, Yeu-sheng Tyan, P. S. Teng, J. H. Chou, Chie-yi Yeh, C. H. Shao, Chuan-jong TungAbstract:Purpose: The largest contribution to the population dose from man-made ionizing radiation sources is the Medical Exposure. Exposure to patients from Medical examinations is of interest because it is a global indicator for the quality of radiology practice. Due to the different healthcare systems and the considerable variations in the equipment and manpower in radiology, the population dose from Medical Exposure varies by a large extent in different countries. This dose from different diagnostic procedures provides information that can be used to establish national reference levels. It is also useful to determine the priority in terms of dose reduction so as to optimize the protection of patients in a cost-effective manner. In the present work, the collective effective doses due to different Medical modalities were estimated for the Taiwan population in 2008. Methods: The collective effective dose from Medical Exposure was calculated using information on the number of procedures and the average effective dose per procedure. The frequency of procedures was extracted from the National Health Insurance (NHI) research database. The enrollment of Taiwan population in the NHI program was 99.48% in 2008. The average effective dose per procedure was derived from hospital surveys, measured data, and published results. Results: Estimates of the collective effective dose were made for different Medical modalities, i.e., the conventional radiography and fluoroscopy,computed tomography, interventional fluoroscopy, nuclear medicine, and dental radiography. Each modality was further divided into relevant classes by the body part or organ system. Among 23 037 031 Taiwan population in 2008, the annual examination frequencies per 1000 population were 550, 55.1, 15.6, 13.6, and 112 for the conventional radiography and fluoroscopy,computed tomography, interventional fluoroscopy, nuclear medicine, and dental radiography, respectively. The corresponding collective effective doses were 3277, 8608, 2743, 2303, and 28 man-Sv, respectively. Thus, the average effective dose per caput was 0.74 mSv, which was in the range of 0.3–1.5 mSv for the 12 European countries estimated for 2008. Conclusions: In the period from 1997 to 2008, the procedure frequency per 1000 population increased by a factor of 2.3 for computed tomography, 2.2 for interventional fluoroscopy, 1.8 for conventional radiography and fluoroscopy, and 1.5 for nuclear medicine. It demonstrated that the Medical utilization of imaging facilities raised rapidly.
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Trend and risk of diagnostic Medical Exposure to Taiwan population
Proceedings 2011 International Conference on Human Health and Biomedical Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Tou-rong Chen, Chuan-jong TungAbstract:Due to the rapid growth of diagnostic Medical examination frequencies in recent years for imaging modalities such as the computed tomography and the interventional fluoroscopy, the population dose and the health risk from Medical Exposure are of increasing interest. The temporal trends over time for the population dose from diagnostic examinations provide data on the promotion of high standard quality assurance programs. In the present work, studies have been performed to illustrate the trends from 1997 to 2008 for the examination frequencies and effective doses of diagnostic examinations in Taiwan. The frequency data were extracted from the Taiwan Health Insurance Research Database. The average effective dose per examination was derived from hospital surveys, measured data, and published results. Estimates of the collective and per caput effective doses were made for radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, computed tomography, interventional fluoroscopy, and nuclear medicine. Risks of cancer induction from Medical Exposure were also estimated.
André Aurengo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Non-Medical Exposure to radioiodines and thyroid cancer.
European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2002Co-Authors: Elif Hindié, Laurence Leenhardt, Françoise Vitaux, Nicole Colas-linhart, Pascale Grosclaude, Pierre Galle, André AurengoAbstract:The Chernobyl accident, which occurred 32 years after the accidental Exposure of Marshall islanders, resulted in the Exposure of neighbouring populations to a mixture of iodine isotopes and in an increased incidence of thyroid cancer. The highest thyroid doses were received by the youngest age groups. This review describes the existing evidence, and examines factors that may have increased the risk. It also stresses problems with contemporary thyroid measurements, and the lack of information on the sensitivity of the thyroid to short-lived iodine isotopes and iodine-131. Practical considerations for nuclear physicians, epidemiologists and thyroidologists are discussed in the light of this major accident.
P C Shrimpton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CT — an increasingly important slice of the Medical Exposure of patients
The British journal of radiology, 1993Co-Authors: P C Shrimpton, B F WallAbstract:It is now 21 years since the revolutionary imaging technique of computed tomography (CT) was introduced into clinical practice. In coming of age, CT has found increasing use in the diagnosis and assessment of cancer and other pathological conditions and has undoubtedly led to significant advances in patient care. As a measure of this success, perhaps, CT now represents a major source of Exposure from diagnostic X-rays for the UK population. This importance was firmly established by a national survey relating to the 200 scanners in clinical use in 1989 (Shrimpton, 1992). Information on CT practice was provided by questionnaires completed by over 80% of National Health Service scanners (Shrimpton et al, 1991).
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Standards of radiation protection in mammographic screening
The British Journal of Radiology, 1992Co-Authors: P C Shrimpton, B F WallAbstract:We wish to clarify some of the radiological protection issues raised by Moores and Henshaw (1992) in connection with the UK breast cancer screening programme using X-ray mammography. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has defined the category of “Medical Exposure” as principally the Exposure of persons as part of their diagnosis or treatment with such Exposure usually intended to provide a direct benefit to the exposed individual (ICRP, 1991). If the practice is justified and the protection optimized, the dose to the patient will be as low as is compatible with the Medical purpose. ICRP suggests that the application of limits might be to the patient's detriment and therefore does not recommend dose limits for Medical Exposures.
Tou-rong Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Population dose from Medical diagnostic Exposure in Taiwan
Radiation protection dosimetry, 2011Co-Authors: Chuan-jong Tung, Chung-shi Yang, Chi-ju Yeh, Tou-rong ChenAbstract:Medical Exposure showed a continuous increasing trend. This trend was due to the growth of diagnostic procedures such as computed tomography (CT) and interventional fluoroscopy (IVF). In the present work, results of a recent study on Medical Exposure in Taiwan are reported. This study analysed data from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Surveyed data on the dose indices, including the entrance surface dose in radiography, dose area product in fluoroscopy, CT dose index in CT and mean glandular dose in mammography, were applied. Using programmes and databases, dose indices were converted to the effective dose. For the year 2008, individual effective doses in Taiwan were estimated as 0.16, 0.37, 0.12 and 0.12 mSv for conventional radiography and fluoroscopy, CT, IVF and nuclear medicine, respectively. The total collective effective dose and the effective dose per individual for Medical Exposure were 17 788 person-Sv and 0.77 mSv, respectively.
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Population dose from Medical Exposure in Taiwan for 2008.
Medical physics, 2011Co-Authors: Tou-rong Chen, Yeu-sheng Tyan, P. S. Teng, J. H. Chou, Chie-yi Yeh, C. H. Shao, Chuan-jong TungAbstract:Purpose: The largest contribution to the population dose from man-made ionizing radiation sources is the Medical Exposure. Exposure to patients from Medical examinations is of interest because it is a global indicator for the quality of radiology practice. Due to the different healthcare systems and the considerable variations in the equipment and manpower in radiology, the population dose from Medical Exposure varies by a large extent in different countries. This dose from different diagnostic procedures provides information that can be used to establish national reference levels. It is also useful to determine the priority in terms of dose reduction so as to optimize the protection of patients in a cost-effective manner. In the present work, the collective effective doses due to different Medical modalities were estimated for the Taiwan population in 2008. Methods: The collective effective dose from Medical Exposure was calculated using information on the number of procedures and the average effective dose per procedure. The frequency of procedures was extracted from the National Health Insurance (NHI) research database. The enrollment of Taiwan population in the NHI program was 99.48% in 2008. The average effective dose per procedure was derived from hospital surveys, measured data, and published results. Results: Estimates of the collective effective dose were made for different Medical modalities, i.e., the conventional radiography and fluoroscopy,computed tomography, interventional fluoroscopy, nuclear medicine, and dental radiography. Each modality was further divided into relevant classes by the body part or organ system. Among 23 037 031 Taiwan population in 2008, the annual examination frequencies per 1000 population were 550, 55.1, 15.6, 13.6, and 112 for the conventional radiography and fluoroscopy,computed tomography, interventional fluoroscopy, nuclear medicine, and dental radiography, respectively. The corresponding collective effective doses were 3277, 8608, 2743, 2303, and 28 man-Sv, respectively. Thus, the average effective dose per caput was 0.74 mSv, which was in the range of 0.3–1.5 mSv for the 12 European countries estimated for 2008. Conclusions: In the period from 1997 to 2008, the procedure frequency per 1000 population increased by a factor of 2.3 for computed tomography, 2.2 for interventional fluoroscopy, 1.8 for conventional radiography and fluoroscopy, and 1.5 for nuclear medicine. It demonstrated that the Medical utilization of imaging facilities raised rapidly.
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Trend and risk of diagnostic Medical Exposure to Taiwan population
Proceedings 2011 International Conference on Human Health and Biomedical Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Tou-rong Chen, Chuan-jong TungAbstract:Due to the rapid growth of diagnostic Medical examination frequencies in recent years for imaging modalities such as the computed tomography and the interventional fluoroscopy, the population dose and the health risk from Medical Exposure are of increasing interest. The temporal trends over time for the population dose from diagnostic examinations provide data on the promotion of high standard quality assurance programs. In the present work, studies have been performed to illustrate the trends from 1997 to 2008 for the examination frequencies and effective doses of diagnostic examinations in Taiwan. The frequency data were extracted from the Taiwan Health Insurance Research Database. The average effective dose per examination was derived from hospital surveys, measured data, and published results. Estimates of the collective and per caput effective doses were made for radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, computed tomography, interventional fluoroscopy, and nuclear medicine. Risks of cancer induction from Medical Exposure were also estimated.