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Ronald N Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of clonality and carbapenem resistance mechanisms among acinetobacter baumannii acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex and enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in european and Mediterranean Countries and detection of two novel β lactamases ges 22 and vim 35
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2014Co-Authors: Mariana Castanheira, Sarah E Costello, Leah N Woosley, Lalitagauri M Deshpande, Todd A Davies, Ronald N JonesAbstract:ABSTRACT We evaluated doripenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex (ACB; n = 411) and Enterobacteriaceae ( n = 92) isolates collected from patients from 14 European and Mediterranean Countries during 2009 to 2011 for the presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes and clonality. Following susceptibility testing, carbapenem-resistant (doripenem MIC, >2 μg/ml) isolates were screened for carbapenemases. New β-lactamase genes were expressed in a common background and susceptibility was tested. Class 1 integrons were sequenced. Clonality was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing (Pasteur scheme). Relative expression of β-lactam intrinsic resistance mechanisms was determined for carbapenemase-negative Enterobacteriaceae. ACB and Enterobacteriaceae displayed 58.9 and 0.9% doripenem resistance, respectively. bla OXA-23 , bla OXA-58 , and bla OXA-24/OXA-40 were detected among 277, 77, and 29 ACB, respectively (in 8, 6, and 5 Countries). Ten Turkish isolates carried bla GES-11 or bla GES-22 . GES-22 (G243A and M169L mutations in GES-1) had an extended-spectrum β-lactamase profile. A total of 33 clusters of ≥2 ACB isolates were observed, and 227 isolates belonged to sequence type 2/international clone II. Other international clones were limited to Turkey and Israel. Doripenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae increased significantly (0.7 to 1.6%), and 15 bla KPC-2 - and 22 bla KPC-3 -carrying isolates, mostly belonging to clonal complexes 11 and 258, were observed. Enterobacteriaceae isolates producing OXA-48 ( n = 16; in Turkey and Italy), VIM-1 ( n = 10; in Greece, Poland, and Spain), VIM-26 ( n = 1; in Greece), and IMP-19, VIM-4, and the novel VIM-35 ( n = 1 each from Poland) were detected. VIM-35 had one substitution compared to VIM-1 (A235T) and a similar susceptibility profile. One or more resistance mechanisms were identified in 4/6 carbapenemase-negative Enterobacteriaceae. This broad evaluation confirms results from country-specific surveys and shows a highly diverse population of carbapenemase-producing ACB and Enterobacteriaceae in Europe and Mediterranean Countries.
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epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms of carbapenem non susceptible pseudomonas aeruginosa collected during 2009 11 in 14 european and Mediterranean Countries
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2014Co-Authors: Mariana Castanheira, Lalitagauri M Deshpande, Todd A Davies, Andrew J Costello, Ronald N JonesAbstract:OBJECTIVES To evaluate the genetic relatedness and carbapenem resistance mechanisms among carbapenem-non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected during 2009-11 in 14 European and Mediterranean Countries. METHODS Doripenem-non-susceptible (MIC >2 mg/L) isolates were tested for susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, aztreonam, ceftazidime and cefepime with and without phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) (efflux inhibitor) and/or cloxacillin (AmpC inhibitor). Carbapenemase screening was performed by PCR and sequencing. Expression of chromosomal ampC, mexA, mexC, mexE and mexX was determined by quantitative real-time PCR using P. aeruginosa PAO1 or a group of susceptible isolates as baseline. Clonality was evaluated by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS Among 529 (25.6% overall) carbapenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa, 106 were positive for metallo-β-lactamase (MβL) genes encoding VIM-2 (76 strains), VIM-4 (14), VIM-1 (7) and VIM-5 (5). IMP-15 and three new MβLs (IMP-33, VIM-36 and VIM-37) were detected in one strain each. An increasing prevalence of MβL producers was noted in 2011 (30.6%) compared with previous years (13.4% and 12.3% in 2009 and 2010, respectively). Isolates displayed high genetic diversity, with 401 unique profiles detected. CC235 and ST111 were detected among MβL-producing clusters. The PAβN/cloxacillin effect ranged from 90.0% to 56.5%/from 1.3% to 21.2%. OprD decrease/loss was the most prevalent intrinsic mechanism and was detected among 94.9% of the P. aeruginosa, followed by AmpC (44.4%) and MexAB-OprM (20.1%). When using the susceptible group of isolates as baseline, MexAB-OprM became as prevalent as OprD decrease/loss. CONCLUSIONS Increasing MβL prevalence is worrisome in various European Countries; however, intrinsic resistance mechanisms in a highly genetically diverse population of carbapenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa are probably a matter for greater concern in these Countries.
Mariana Castanheira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of clonality and carbapenem resistance mechanisms among acinetobacter baumannii acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex and enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in european and Mediterranean Countries and detection of two novel β lactamases ges 22 and vim 35
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2014Co-Authors: Mariana Castanheira, Sarah E Costello, Leah N Woosley, Lalitagauri M Deshpande, Todd A Davies, Ronald N JonesAbstract:ABSTRACT We evaluated doripenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex (ACB; n = 411) and Enterobacteriaceae ( n = 92) isolates collected from patients from 14 European and Mediterranean Countries during 2009 to 2011 for the presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes and clonality. Following susceptibility testing, carbapenem-resistant (doripenem MIC, >2 μg/ml) isolates were screened for carbapenemases. New β-lactamase genes were expressed in a common background and susceptibility was tested. Class 1 integrons were sequenced. Clonality was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing (Pasteur scheme). Relative expression of β-lactam intrinsic resistance mechanisms was determined for carbapenemase-negative Enterobacteriaceae. ACB and Enterobacteriaceae displayed 58.9 and 0.9% doripenem resistance, respectively. bla OXA-23 , bla OXA-58 , and bla OXA-24/OXA-40 were detected among 277, 77, and 29 ACB, respectively (in 8, 6, and 5 Countries). Ten Turkish isolates carried bla GES-11 or bla GES-22 . GES-22 (G243A and M169L mutations in GES-1) had an extended-spectrum β-lactamase profile. A total of 33 clusters of ≥2 ACB isolates were observed, and 227 isolates belonged to sequence type 2/international clone II. Other international clones were limited to Turkey and Israel. Doripenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae increased significantly (0.7 to 1.6%), and 15 bla KPC-2 - and 22 bla KPC-3 -carrying isolates, mostly belonging to clonal complexes 11 and 258, were observed. Enterobacteriaceae isolates producing OXA-48 ( n = 16; in Turkey and Italy), VIM-1 ( n = 10; in Greece, Poland, and Spain), VIM-26 ( n = 1; in Greece), and IMP-19, VIM-4, and the novel VIM-35 ( n = 1 each from Poland) were detected. VIM-35 had one substitution compared to VIM-1 (A235T) and a similar susceptibility profile. One or more resistance mechanisms were identified in 4/6 carbapenemase-negative Enterobacteriaceae. This broad evaluation confirms results from country-specific surveys and shows a highly diverse population of carbapenemase-producing ACB and Enterobacteriaceae in Europe and Mediterranean Countries.
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epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms of carbapenem non susceptible pseudomonas aeruginosa collected during 2009 11 in 14 european and Mediterranean Countries
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2014Co-Authors: Mariana Castanheira, Lalitagauri M Deshpande, Todd A Davies, Andrew J Costello, Ronald N JonesAbstract:OBJECTIVES To evaluate the genetic relatedness and carbapenem resistance mechanisms among carbapenem-non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected during 2009-11 in 14 European and Mediterranean Countries. METHODS Doripenem-non-susceptible (MIC >2 mg/L) isolates were tested for susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, aztreonam, ceftazidime and cefepime with and without phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) (efflux inhibitor) and/or cloxacillin (AmpC inhibitor). Carbapenemase screening was performed by PCR and sequencing. Expression of chromosomal ampC, mexA, mexC, mexE and mexX was determined by quantitative real-time PCR using P. aeruginosa PAO1 or a group of susceptible isolates as baseline. Clonality was evaluated by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS Among 529 (25.6% overall) carbapenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa, 106 were positive for metallo-β-lactamase (MβL) genes encoding VIM-2 (76 strains), VIM-4 (14), VIM-1 (7) and VIM-5 (5). IMP-15 and three new MβLs (IMP-33, VIM-36 and VIM-37) were detected in one strain each. An increasing prevalence of MβL producers was noted in 2011 (30.6%) compared with previous years (13.4% and 12.3% in 2009 and 2010, respectively). Isolates displayed high genetic diversity, with 401 unique profiles detected. CC235 and ST111 were detected among MβL-producing clusters. The PAβN/cloxacillin effect ranged from 90.0% to 56.5%/from 1.3% to 21.2%. OprD decrease/loss was the most prevalent intrinsic mechanism and was detected among 94.9% of the P. aeruginosa, followed by AmpC (44.4%) and MexAB-OprM (20.1%). When using the susceptible group of isolates as baseline, MexAB-OprM became as prevalent as OprD decrease/loss. CONCLUSIONS Increasing MβL prevalence is worrisome in various European Countries; however, intrinsic resistance mechanisms in a highly genetically diverse population of carbapenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa are probably a matter for greater concern in these Countries.
Miguel A. Martínez-gonzález - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transferability of the Mediterranean Diet to Non-Mediterranean Countries. What Is and What Is Not the Mediterranean Diet.
Nutrients, 2017Co-Authors: Miguel A. Martínez-gonzález, Maria Soledad Hershey, Itziar Zazpe, Antonia TrichopoulouAbstract:Substantial evidence has verified the Mediterranean diet’s (MedDiet) nutritional adequacy, long-term sustainability, and effectiveness for preventing hard clinical events from cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as increasing longevity. This article includes a cumulative meta-analysis of prospective studies supporting a strong inverse association between closer adherence to the MedDiet and the incidence of hard clinical events of CVD. The MedDiet has become an increasingly popular topic of interest when focusing on overall food patterns rather than single nutrient intake, not only in Mediterranean Countries, but also globally. However, several myths and misconceptions associated with the traditional Mediterranean diet should be clearly addressed and dispelled, particularly those that label as “Mediterranean” an eating pattern that is not in line with the traditional Mediterranean diet. The transferability of the traditional MedDiet to the non-Mediterranean populations is possible, but it requires a multitude of changes in dietary habits. New approaches for promoting healthy dietary behavior consistent with the MedDiet will offer healthful, sustainable, and practical strategies at all levels of public health. The following article presents practical resources and knowledge necessary for accomplishing these changes.
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Monounsaturated fatty acids, olive oil and blood pressure: epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence
Public Health Nutrition, 2006Co-Authors: Alvaro Alonso, Valentina Ruiz-gutiérrez, Miguel A. Martínez-gonzálezAbstract:Diet has an important role in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. In early epidemiological studies, conducted mainly in the USA, monounsaturated fatty acids showed a deleterious association with blood pressure or no relationship at all. However, more recent studies, conducted in Mediterranean Countries, have shed new light on this issue. In the present review we summarise the main results of epidemiological studies and feeding trials, and explain the possible mechanisms through which monounsaturated fatty acids, and specifically olive oil as the major dietary source of this type of fat in Mediterranean Countries, could exert a favourable effect on blood pressure.
Alexander J B Zehnder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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water scarcity and food trade in the southern and eastern Mediterranean Countries
Food Policy, 2007Co-Authors: Hong Yang, Lei Wang, Alexander J B ZehnderAbstract:Abstract This study investigates food trade patterns in relation to water resources availability in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries (SEMED). Examinations show that most of these Countries have a high dependence on the import of water intensive crops – cereal, vegetable oil and sugar, in the domestic food supply. The region as a whole is marginally a net exporter of fruits and vegetables, while variations are substantial across Countries. Multi-variable regression analyses show that intensification of water scarcity is an important factor in explaining the increase in food import in the SEMED Countries during the past two decades. It also finds that while GDP per capita has a strong influence on the level of food import in a country, its impact on changes in the import during the same period is rather modest. No significant relationship is found between the trade of fruits and vegetables and water resources availability. The projection on food import with respect to the decline in per capita water resources availability results in an increase of 40%, 39% and 14%, respectively, for cereal, vegetable oil and sugar by 2020 in the region, holding other factors constant. The European Union (EU) is the major food trade partner of the SEMED Countries, except for cereal. About 70% of the fruit export and 55% of the vegetable export of the region currently go to the EU market. Expanding the export of fruits and vegetables is conducive to improving the value of water use in the SEMED Countries. However, the expansion is constrained partly by the barriers in the destination markets, notably the EU.
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water scarcity and food import a case study for southern Mediterranean Countries
World Development, 2002Co-Authors: Hong Yang, Alexander J B ZehnderAbstract:Abstract Taking six southern Mediterranean Countries as a case study, this paper addresses the water-food challenges facing water-scarce Countries and the implications for the world food economy. By accounting the volume of virtual water embedded in food imports into the Countries concerned, a close relationship between water endowment and food import dependence is elaborated. A projection of the cereal demand suggests an increment of 40–60 percentage points in these Countries by 2020 above their 1998–99 levels, raising the aggregate volume of cereal imports to around 40 million tons. The analysis also finds that the trend of shifting from staple grain crops to higher-value cash crops was weak during the past two decades. A deteriorating trade deficit for both cereal and noncereal agricultural products was evident in almost all the Countries, suggesting a rigid and persistent constraint of water scarcity on overall agricultural development. The results of this case study highlight two important points: (a) food imports are imperative for compensating water resource deficiency; (b) water scarcity-related food imports will continue to expand and impose increasing impacts on the global food economy.
Todd A Davies - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of clonality and carbapenem resistance mechanisms among acinetobacter baumannii acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex and enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in european and Mediterranean Countries and detection of two novel β lactamases ges 22 and vim 35
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2014Co-Authors: Mariana Castanheira, Sarah E Costello, Leah N Woosley, Lalitagauri M Deshpande, Todd A Davies, Ronald N JonesAbstract:ABSTRACT We evaluated doripenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex (ACB; n = 411) and Enterobacteriaceae ( n = 92) isolates collected from patients from 14 European and Mediterranean Countries during 2009 to 2011 for the presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes and clonality. Following susceptibility testing, carbapenem-resistant (doripenem MIC, >2 μg/ml) isolates were screened for carbapenemases. New β-lactamase genes were expressed in a common background and susceptibility was tested. Class 1 integrons were sequenced. Clonality was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing (Pasteur scheme). Relative expression of β-lactam intrinsic resistance mechanisms was determined for carbapenemase-negative Enterobacteriaceae. ACB and Enterobacteriaceae displayed 58.9 and 0.9% doripenem resistance, respectively. bla OXA-23 , bla OXA-58 , and bla OXA-24/OXA-40 were detected among 277, 77, and 29 ACB, respectively (in 8, 6, and 5 Countries). Ten Turkish isolates carried bla GES-11 or bla GES-22 . GES-22 (G243A and M169L mutations in GES-1) had an extended-spectrum β-lactamase profile. A total of 33 clusters of ≥2 ACB isolates were observed, and 227 isolates belonged to sequence type 2/international clone II. Other international clones were limited to Turkey and Israel. Doripenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae increased significantly (0.7 to 1.6%), and 15 bla KPC-2 - and 22 bla KPC-3 -carrying isolates, mostly belonging to clonal complexes 11 and 258, were observed. Enterobacteriaceae isolates producing OXA-48 ( n = 16; in Turkey and Italy), VIM-1 ( n = 10; in Greece, Poland, and Spain), VIM-26 ( n = 1; in Greece), and IMP-19, VIM-4, and the novel VIM-35 ( n = 1 each from Poland) were detected. VIM-35 had one substitution compared to VIM-1 (A235T) and a similar susceptibility profile. One or more resistance mechanisms were identified in 4/6 carbapenemase-negative Enterobacteriaceae. This broad evaluation confirms results from country-specific surveys and shows a highly diverse population of carbapenemase-producing ACB and Enterobacteriaceae in Europe and Mediterranean Countries.
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epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms of carbapenem non susceptible pseudomonas aeruginosa collected during 2009 11 in 14 european and Mediterranean Countries
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2014Co-Authors: Mariana Castanheira, Lalitagauri M Deshpande, Todd A Davies, Andrew J Costello, Ronald N JonesAbstract:OBJECTIVES To evaluate the genetic relatedness and carbapenem resistance mechanisms among carbapenem-non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected during 2009-11 in 14 European and Mediterranean Countries. METHODS Doripenem-non-susceptible (MIC >2 mg/L) isolates were tested for susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, aztreonam, ceftazidime and cefepime with and without phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) (efflux inhibitor) and/or cloxacillin (AmpC inhibitor). Carbapenemase screening was performed by PCR and sequencing. Expression of chromosomal ampC, mexA, mexC, mexE and mexX was determined by quantitative real-time PCR using P. aeruginosa PAO1 or a group of susceptible isolates as baseline. Clonality was evaluated by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS Among 529 (25.6% overall) carbapenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa, 106 were positive for metallo-β-lactamase (MβL) genes encoding VIM-2 (76 strains), VIM-4 (14), VIM-1 (7) and VIM-5 (5). IMP-15 and three new MβLs (IMP-33, VIM-36 and VIM-37) were detected in one strain each. An increasing prevalence of MβL producers was noted in 2011 (30.6%) compared with previous years (13.4% and 12.3% in 2009 and 2010, respectively). Isolates displayed high genetic diversity, with 401 unique profiles detected. CC235 and ST111 were detected among MβL-producing clusters. The PAβN/cloxacillin effect ranged from 90.0% to 56.5%/from 1.3% to 21.2%. OprD decrease/loss was the most prevalent intrinsic mechanism and was detected among 94.9% of the P. aeruginosa, followed by AmpC (44.4%) and MexAB-OprM (20.1%). When using the susceptible group of isolates as baseline, MexAB-OprM became as prevalent as OprD decrease/loss. CONCLUSIONS Increasing MβL prevalence is worrisome in various European Countries; however, intrinsic resistance mechanisms in a highly genetically diverse population of carbapenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa are probably a matter for greater concern in these Countries.